Good Morning

Dear Lord and Father of all,

Thank you for today. Thank you for ways in

which you provide for us all. For Your
protection and love we thank you. Help us to
focus our hearts and minds now on what we are
about to learn. Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit
as we listen and write. Guide us by your eternal
light as we discover more about the world
around us. We ask all this in the name of Jesus.
Amen.
 PROFED 106

ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
OF ASSESSMEN
RESULT
T
S
We are The
GROUP 3
Alyanna Clarisse Campos
Zayda Mae Arlantico
Lea Mae Valdez
Jennifer Aberin
Nikka Joam Carpo
Jayverline Ramirez
Ana Marie Cabantac
Gather your thoughts and
Be ready to guess!!...
A S S E S S M E N T
A N A L Y S I S
G R A P H
R E S U L T S
C O M P U T A T I O N
 WORD PUZZLE
A re y o u g o o d at finding?
C o m e a n d J o i n u s fin d s o m e w o r d s
about our lesson
today!!...
PERCENTAGE
SCORES
LINE GRAPH
PIE GRAPH
BAR GRAPH
MEAN
MEDIAN
MODE
 Objectives
At the end of this report:

• at the lesson, students should be able to accurately interpret test

scores;
• be able to understand and identify the three(3) ways of
presenting data;
• and use these data to draw valid inferences about student
performances.
 LESSON
01
WHAT IS PRESENTATION?
A presentation c o n v e y s informa t ion f r o m a
speaker to an audience. PREVIEW
02 WHAT IS ANALYSIS?
Analysis is a thorough study.

03 THREE WAYS OF PRESENTING DATA

TEXTUAL PRESENTATION
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION
T h i s m e t h o d c o m p r i s e s p re s e n t i n g
Methods of presenting data
d a t a w i t h t h e h e l p o f text o r a
u s i n g g ra p h s / c h a r t s o r
diagrams. nu mbe r of paragraphs.
TABULAR PRESENTATION
T h e d a t a is p r e s e n t e d i n t h e
f o r m o f tables a n d
diagrams.
Introduction
A presentation conveys information from a speaker

Presentation - to an audience. Presentations are typically

demonstrations, introduction, lecture, or speech
meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build
goodwill, or present a new idea/product.

Analysis - Analysis is a thorough study. a detailed examination

of anything complex in order to understand its nature
or to determine its essential features.
 3 Ways of Presenting Data
1. Textual Presentation
2. Tabular Presentation
3. Graphical Presentation
TEXTUAL
Presentation
TEXTUAL PRESENTATION
• Textual Presentation is a method wherein the information
are presented in a form of text rather than images or
graphs.

• Data are written and read.

• It is a combination of texts and figures.

 EXAMPLE OF TEXTUAL PRESENTAION

In a class of 40 students, 5 obtained a perfect

score of 50 in their 3rd Quarter Long Test in
Statistics. Eighteen students got a score of at
least 40,while only 2 students scored 19 and
below. Generally, the students performed
well in the test with 30 or 75% obtained a
passing score of at least 38.
 EXAMPLE OF TEXTUAL PRESENTATION

Of the 150-sample interviewed, the

following complaints were noted: 27 for
lack of books in the library, 25 for a dirty
playground, 20 for lack of laboratory
equipment, 17 for a not well-maintained
university buildings.
TABULAR
Presentation
TABULAR PRESENTATION

• Method of presenting data using the statistical

table.

• It is a systematic and logical arrangement of

data in the form of Rows and Columns.
PARTS of TABULAR presentation of Data
• Table number – this is for easy reference to the table.
• Table Title – It briefly explains the content of the table.
• Column Header – It describes the data in each column.
• Row Classifier – It shows the classes or category.
• Body – This is the main part of the table.
• Source Note - This is the placed below the
table when the data written or not original.
 PARTS OF STATISTICAL TABLE
• Table number – this is for easy reference to the table.
• Table Title – It briefly explains the content of the table.
• Column Header – It describes the data in each column.
• Row Classifier – It shows the classes or category.
• Body – This is the main part of the table.
• Source Note - This is the placed below the
table when the data written or not original.
 FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLE
A frequency distribution table is a table which shows the data arranged into different classes and the number of
cases which fall into each class.

The frequency distribution table for ungrouped data is simple an arrangement of data from lowest to highest
which shows the frequency of occurrence of each value in a set.

Table 1

Ungrouped Frequency Distribution for

Age of 50 Students Enrolled in Statistics
Age Frequency
14 4
15 13
16 25
17 5
18 2
19 1
N = 50
The range is acquired by subtracting the highest and lowest age.

The frequency distribution table for grouped data is an arrangement of data into different classes or categories.
It involves data which falls into each class.

Example 1: Below are the scores of 50 Students in Mathematics test.

38 32 28 20 50 17 21 13 39 10 18 41 18 40 14
15 48 19 37 30 26 40 28 33 25 20 50 31 36 9
40 10 28 3 30 35 46 27 13 29 43 35 42 26 34
35 32 28 20 50
The range is acquired by subtracting the highest and lowest age.

The frequency distribution table for grouped data is an arrangement of data into different classes or categories.
It involves data which falls into each class.

Example 1: Below are the scores of 50 Students in Mathematics test.

38 32 28 20 50 17 21 13 39 10 18 41 18 40 14
15 48 19 37 30 26 40 28 33 25 20 50 31 36 9
40 10 28 3 30 35 46 27 13 29 43 35 42 26 34
35 32 28 20 50
HV = 50
LV = 3 R = 50 – 3 = 47
Notes to consider regarding the number of class intervals.
1. Avoid using fewer than 6 or more than 15 classes. The number of classes in a given situation depends
on the nature, magnitude and range of data.
2. Make sure that each item into one and only one class.

Steps in Constructing Frequency Distribution Table

1. Decide on the number of classes. 8 classes
2. Determine the class width.
R 47
c 8
a. When the data are whole numbers, i should be a whole number.
b. When the data are decimal numbers, i should be a decimal number.

3. Always start with the lowest class with the lowest value of the raw data, in
order to minimize the errors, unless otherwise specified.

4. Tally the frequencies in each class, until the highest value is reached.

5. The last class interval can go beyond the highest value in the observation
as long as obtained i is followed.
Example 1: Below are the scores of 50 Students in
Mathematics test.

38 32 28 20 5017
21 13 39 10 1841 18
40 14 15 48 19 37
30 26 40 28 33 25 20
50 31 36 9
40 10 28 3 30 35 46
27 13 29 43 35 42
26 34 35 32 28 20 50
 Table 2

The Grouped Frequency Distribution for

the Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Class Interval Tally Frequency Class Mark

 Table 2
i = 6 – class width
No. classes = 8 The Grouped Frequency Distribution for
the Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Class Interval Tally Frequency Class Mark

3–8
9 – 14
15 – 20
21 – 26
27 – 32
33 – 38
39 – 44
45 – 50
 Table 2
i = 6 – class width
No. classes = 8 The Grouped Frequency Distribution for
The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Example 1: Below are the scores of 50 Students in Class Interval Tally Frequency Class Mark
Mathematics test.
3–8
38 32 28 20 50 17 21 9 – 14
13 39 10 18 41 18 40
14 15 48 19 37 30 15 – 20
26 40 28 33 25 20 50 21 – 26
31 36 9 27 – 32
40 10 28 3 30 35 46
27 13 29 43 35 42 26 33 – 38
34 35 32 28 20 50 39 – 44
45 – 50
 Table 2
i = 6 – class width
No. classes = 8 The Grouped Frequency Distribution for
The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Example 1: Below are the scores of 50 Students in Class Interval Tally Frequency Class Mark
Mathematics test.
3–8 I 1
38 32 28 20 50 17 21 9 – 14 IIIII II 7
13 39 10 18 41 18 40
14 15 48 19 37 30 15 – 20 IIIII III 8
26 40 28 33 25 20 50 21 – 26 IIII 4
31 36 9 27 – 32 IIIII – IIIII - I 11
40 10 28 3 30 35 46
27 13 29 43 35 42 26 33 – 38 IIIII III 8
34 35 32 28 20 50 39 – 44 IIIII II 7
45 – 50 IIII 4
50
 Table 2
i = 6 – class width The Grouped Frequency Distribution for
No. classes = 8 The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Mid pt. X
Class Interval Tally Frequency Class Mark
Lower limit
Upper limit
3–8 I 1 (3+8)/2 = 5.5
9 – 14 IIIII - II 7 (9+14)/2 11.5
15 – 20 IIIII - III 8 17.5
21 – 26 IIII 4 23.5
27 – 32 IIIII – IIIII - I 11
33 – 38 IIIII - III 8
39 – 44 IIIII - II 7
45 – 50 IIII 4
50
 Table 2
i = 6 – class width The Grouped Frequency Distribution for
No. classes = 8 The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Mid pt. X
Class Interval Tally Frequency Class Mark
Lower limit
Upper limit
3–8 I 1 (3+8)/2 = 5.5
9 – 14 IIIII - II 7 (9+14)/2 11.5
15 – 20 IIIII - III 8 17.5
21 – 26 IIII 4 23.5
27 – 32 IIIII – IIIII - I 11 29.5
33 – 38 IIIII - III 8 35.5
39 – 44 IIIII - II 7 41.5
45 – 50 IIII 4 47.5
50
 Table 2

i = 6 – class width The Grouped Frequency Distribution for

No. classes = 8 The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Class Interval Frequency Midpoint Class Boundary

(ci) (f) (x) (cb)
3–8 1 5.5
9 – 14 7 11.5
15 – 20 8 17.5
21 – 26 4 23.5
27 – 32 11 29.5
33 – 38 8 35.5
39 – 44 7 41.5
45 – 50 4 47.5
N = 50
 Table 2

i = 6 – class width The Grouped Frequency Distribution for

No. classes = 8 The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Class Interval Frequency Midpoint Class Boundary

(ci) (f) (x) (cb)
3–8 1 5.5 2.5 – 8.5
9 – 14 7 11.5 8.5 – 14.5
15 – 20 8 17.5 14.5 – 20.5
21 – 26 4 23.5 20.5 – 26.5
27 – 32 11 29.5
33 – 38 8 35.5
39 – 44 7 41.5
45 – 50 4 47.5
N = 50
 Table 2

i = 6 – class width The Grouped Frequency Distribution for

No. classes = 8 The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Class Interval Frequency Midpoint Class Boundary

(ci) (f) (x) (cb)
3–8 1 5.5 2.5 – 8.5
9 – 14 7 11.5 8.5 14.5
15 – 20 8 17.5 14.5 – 20.5
21 – 26 4 23.5 20.5 – 26.5
27 – 32 11 29.5 26.5 – 32.5
33 – 38 8 35.5 32.5 – 38.5
39 – 44 7 41.5 38.5 – 44.5
45 – 50 4 47.5 44.5 – 50.5
N = 50
The relative frequency distribution is a table that lists the relative frequencies of the classes. The relative
frequency of each class is obtained by dividing the class frequency by the total frequency.

Table 3

The Relative Frequency Distribution for

The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics
Class Interval Frequency Midpoint Relative Frequency
(ci) (f) (x) (rf)
3–8 1 5.5 1/50 = 0.02
9 – 14 7 11.5 7/50 = 0.14
15 – 20 8 17.5 8/50 = 0.16
21 – 26 4 23.5 0.08
27 – 32 11 29.5 0.22
33 – 38 8 35.5 0.16
39 – 44 7 41.5 0.14
45 – 50 4 47.5 0.08
N = 50 1
The cumulative frequency distribution is a table which shows the number of cases falling below a particular value.
There are times when we are interested in the number greater or less than the specified value.
The less than cumulative frequency (<cf) can be obtained by adding the individual frequencies successively from the
top.
Table 3
Less Than Cumulative Frequency Distribution for
The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics
Class Interval Class Boundary Frequency Less Than Cumulative
(ci) (cb) (f) Frequency
(<cf)

3–8 2.5 – 8.5 1 1

9 – 14 8.5 14.5 7 8
15 – 20 14.5 – 20.5 8 16
21 – 26 20.5 – 26.5 4 20
27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 11 31
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 8 39
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 7 46
45 – 50 44.5 – 50.5 4 50
N = 50
The greater than cumulative frequency (>cf) can be obtained by adding the individual frequencies successively from
the bottom.
Table 3

Less Than Cumulative Frequency Distribution for

The Test Scores of 50 Students in Statistics

Class Interval Class Boundary Frequency Greater Than Cumulative

(ci) (cb) (f) Frequency
(<cf)

3–8 2.5 – 8.5 1 50

9 – 14 8.5 14.5 7 49
15 – 20 14.5 – 20.5 8 42
21 – 26 20.5 – 26.5 4 34
27 – 32 26.5 – 32.5 11 30
33 – 38 32.5 – 38.5 8 19
39 – 44 38.5 – 44.5 7 11
45 – 50 44.5 – 50.5 4 4
N = 50
 Graphical
Presentation
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION
• Graphical representation of data is an attractive method of
showcasing numerical data that help in analyzing and
representing quantitative data visually.

• Methods of presenting data using graphs/charts or diagrams.

• Methods which enable us in studying the cause and effect

relationship between two variables.
General Rules for Graphical presentation of Data

Suitable Title
Measurement Unit
Proper Scale
Index
Data Sources
Keep it Simple
Neat
 Principle of graphical presentation of data

The principles of graphical representation are algebraic.

In a graph, there are two lines known as Axis or Coordinate
axis. These are the X-axis and Y-axis. The horizontal axis is
the X-axis and the vertical axis is the Y-axis. They are
perpendicular to each other and intersect at O or point of
Origin. On the right side of the Origin, the Xaxis has a positive
value and on the left side, it has a negative value. In the same
way, the upper side of the Origin Y-axis has a positive value
where the down one is with a negative value. When -axis and
y-axis intersect each other at the origin it divides the plane
into four parts which are called Quadrant I, Quadrant II,
Quadrant III, Quadrant IV.
 Types of Graphical Representation of Data

Bar Graph
• Graphical presentations of data that uses bars to show
frequencies of each group.
• Used to show relationship/comparison between groups.
• Groups are unordered and can be arranged in any way.
Things to Remember about Bar Graph
1. It must have a title.
2. The x and y axis are labeled.
3. The intervals are equal.
4. The bars are evenly spaced apart from each other.
Two types of Bar Graphs
 Steps in Constructing Bar Graph

Education Amidst Pandemic 1. Create the x and y axis. Label them accordingly
 200 students were surveyed on their preferred
learning modality in this time of pandemic.
Below is the Result.
Learning Modality Frequency
Modular 85
Online 40
Blended 55
TV/RBI 20
2. Decide on the scale. Consider the least and
greatest value to be shown.
 Learning Frequency
Modality
Modular 85
Steps in Constructing Bar Graph Online 40
Blended 55
TV/RBI 20

3. Write the intervals on the axis that 4. Draw the bars, the height depends 6. Write the title of the
will show the frequencies and Write on the frequency/ numbers/ Bar Graph.
the name of each item on other axis. measurement of each item.
Observe equal distance.
Pie or Circle Graph
• Pie Graph use a slice, called sector, for each item or
category.
• Shows percentage effectively.

Things to Remember about pie or circle Graph

1.Pie graph is not advisable for too many categories.
2.Pie graph is not useful when values of each category
are almost equal.
3.Label each sector with corresponding percentage.
 Steps in Constructing a Pie or circle Graph

1.Create a table with four column.

Learning Frequency
Modality
Modular 85
Online 40
Blended 55 2. List down all the categories and their corresponding
TV/RBI 22 frequencies.
 Steps in Constructing a Pie or circle Graph

3.Solve for the percentage of each category. 4.Solve for the corresponding degree of each category.
 Steps in Constructing a Pie or circle Graph

5. Draw a circle. 7.For the visualization it is better to use different colors on

6. Use a protractor to measure the degrees of each sector.
each sector. 8.Label each sector with corresponding percentage and the use
of legend.
9.Write the title of the Pie Graph.
Line Graph
• It is use to show the change or trend in data over time.
• Points are used to display data and lines segments
connect the points.
• It shows relationship between the independent variable
and dependent variable.
Things to Remember about line Graph
1.Labeled the x and y axis.
2.Observe equal intervals when plotting points.
3.Don’t forget to unite the tittle of the line graph.
4.Use different colors when creating multiple line graph
and make a legend.
 Steps in Constructing Line Graph

Adi decided to sell ice cream in cups 1. Identify the independent and dependent
because of hot weather. He started selling last variable.
May 27. Below is his daily sales for the past Independent variable - Date
week. Dependent Variable - Number of Cups Sold.
Date No. of cups sold
2. Create the x and y axis. Label them
May 27 21
accordingly. (x-axis for independent and y-axis
May 28 23
for dependent variable.)
May 29 35
May 30 13
May 31 35
June 1 12
June 2 14
 Date No. of cups sold
Steps in Constructing Line Graph May 27 21
3. Decide on the scale and starting values 6. Plot the data points. Connect May 28 23
May 29 35
consider the least and greatest value to be them with the line segments.
May 30 13
shown. 7. Write the title of the Line Graph.
May 31 35
4. Write the intervals on y-axis. Make sure
June 1 12
the intervals are equals June 2 14
5. Write the name of each independent
variables on the x-axis. Observe equal
distance.
 Histogram Stem and leaf plot
A histogram graph is a graph where The stem and leaf plot is a way to
the information is represented along with represents quantitative data according to
the height of the rectangular bar. frequency ranges or frequency distribution.
Frequency table Frequency table
Frequency means the number of Pictograph or Pictogram is the earliest
occurrences of an event. It is denoted as way to represents data in a pictorial form or by
‘f’. using symbols or images. And each image
represents a particular number of things.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphical representation of
data
• It improves the way of analyzing and learning as the graphical
representation makes the data easy to understand.
• It can be used in almost all fields from mathematics to physics to
psychology and so on.
• It is easy to understand for its visual impacts.
• It shows the whole and huge data in an instance.

The main disadvantage of graphical representation of data is that it

takes a lot of effort as well as resources to find the most appropriate
data and then represents it graphically.
 
Thank you
for listening

 Interpretation of
Assessment
• One of the difficult task in assessment
• It should be always accurate and meaningful if not, learners
may not attain optimal learning.
• Assessment results and ensuring interpretation must be
communicated with the students and reported truthfully to the
parents and stakeholders
 Interpretation of
Assessment
RAW and MEAN,
PERCENTILE
PERCENTAGE MEDIAN and
RANK
SCORE MODE

Z- SCORE T- SCORE
 RAW AND PERCENTAGE RANK

• Obtain by simple counting the correct responses

in a test following the scoring directions
• Percentage score was useful in describing
student’s performance
 RAW AND PERCENTAGE RANK

Dividing raw score by the total number of the test items and multiplying by 100.

Example:

PERCENTAGE = YOUR RAW SCORE X 100

Raw Score - 30 NO. OF ITEMS
No. of Items - 50
PERCENTAGE 30 X 100
50

PERCENTAGE = 60%
 PERCENTILE RANK

• A percentile rank gives the percent of scores that

are at or below the raw or standard score.
• Used to rank students in a reference sample.
 PERCENTILE RANK

Conclusion:

• 35 is higher than below the 84th percentile

• 35 is lower that the 16% of the sample
• If the total number of students who took the test is
200 then the percentile rank of 84th indicates that
the score is higher than 168 students in the
sample.
 PERCENTILE RANK

Example:

Your score or a standard score of 1 falls to 84th percentile.

1ST 84TH 100TH

35
Below Higher
 MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE

Mean - Arithmetic average

Example: I have 5 students and I gave them a 15 item quiz.
1st  2nd 3rd 4th 5th

7 11  7 7 8

Add all the scores 7+11+7+7+8 = 40

Then, divide the number of items                      40/5 = 8
     with the number of students
Mean = 8
 MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE

Median - Score that separates the upper and lower 50%

Arrange the scores from lowest to highest

1st  2nd 3rd 4th 5th

7 11  7 7 8

7 7 7 8 11
Median = 7
 MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE

Mode - most frequently occurring score

Arrange the scores from lowest to highest
1st  2nd 3rd 4th 5th

7 11  7 7 8

Mode = 7
 Z - SCORE

Gives the number of standard deviations of a test score above or below the
mean

Formula: x = test score

= average score
S = standard deviation
 Z- SCORE

Example: In a 50 item math test where the mean is 25 and standard deviation is
10 a score of 35 has a z-score of 1.
 Z- SCORE

Example: A score of 12 in a 20 item science test with an arithmetic average of

15 and standard deviation of 2 yields a z-score of -1.5
 T - SCORE

Is equivalent to the number of standard deviation away from the mean of the t-
distribution

The mean is set to 50 and the standard deviation is 10

T = 10z + 50
 Z- SCORE

Example: A score of 12 in a 20 item science test with an arithmetic average of

15 and standard deviation of 2 yields a z-score of -1.5

T = 10z + 50
T = 10 (-1.5) + 50
T = -15 + 50
T = 35
 Norm-Referenced
Interpretation
and
Criterion-Referenced
Interpretation
Norm Referenced Interpretation

• You vs. Others

• Your score compared to others students who take the
same test
• Results is interpreted by comparing one student with
another student who take the same test
• The quality of achievement is determined by the
distance of his score from the mean or average
• This is used to describe RELATIVE PLACEMENT of
scores such as 1st, 2nd ect or Top 1, Top 2 etc.
• What is your rank after all the score are arranged from
highest to lowest?
• Your performance is always RELATIVE to the group even
if you're the highest or lowest not as high or low.
• Examples: Valedictorian, Salutatorian, Winner,
Highest, Lowest, Best, Smaller, Shorter, Third.
• Keywords: Ranking, Ordering, Arrangements,
Grading on the Curve and Percentile Ranks.
• Usually it make use of comparable statements or
superlative statements.
Criterion Referenced Interpretation

• You vs. Criteria or Standards

• Your Score vs. Criteria
• Achievement of individual is compared to the
criteria (ex. 75%)
• Achievement is determined by the distance of his
scores from the criterion established (85%)
• Performance is interpreted by describing what the
students CAN DO(passed) or CANNOT DO(failed) with
respect to the criteria or standards.
• This is used to determine learners mastery of
knowledge and skills
• Scores are simply on or above and below the criteria or
standard.
• Example: Cum Laude, Magna Cum Laude, Dean's
Lister, LET Exam, Personal record such as time.
• Keywords: Can (passed) and Can't (failed)
Thank you for
listening