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Potential and Kinetic Energy + Velocity

Energy exists in different forms and can transfer between forms. The document discusses two main forms of energy - kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, and potential energy, which is stored energy due to an object's position or state. Kinetic energy increases with increasing mass and speed, while potential energy increases with increasing mass and height. Examples are given of how kinetic and potential energy apply to moving objects, stretched springs, and waterfalls. Formulas are provided to calculate kinetic and potential energy.

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Marisa Jane Ramel
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84 views36 pages

Potential and Kinetic Energy + Velocity

Energy exists in different forms and can transfer between forms. The document discusses two main forms of energy - kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion, and potential energy, which is stored energy due to an object's position or state. Kinetic energy increases with increasing mass and speed, while potential energy increases with increasing mass and height. Examples are given of how kinetic and potential energy apply to moving objects, stretched springs, and waterfalls. Formulas are provided to calculate kinetic and potential energy.

Uploaded by

Marisa Jane Ramel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS ENERGY?

Energy is the ability to cause change.

It is stored in different
forms and can transfer and/or transform.
Energy means that
• birds can fly,
• tigers can roar,
• wind can blow,
• sun can shine,
• cars can go fast,
• factories can make things,
• light bulbs can glow and
• your computer can work.
POTENTIAL AND
KINETIC ENERGY
Kinetic
Energy
Energy in moving matter and wave.
Examples of Kinetic Energy:
The Basics of Kinetic Energy
• Kinetic Energy is the energy
of motion.
• Kinetic energy increases as an
object moves faster.
• Kinetic energy increases as the
mass of an object increases.
When these objects move at the same
speed, which will have more kinetic
energy?
ANSWER

The semi- truck has more mass;


therefore, more kinetic energy!
• An object has the MOST kinetic energy when
it’s movement is the GREATEST.

• When an object has the LEAST potential


energy, it has the MOST kinetic energy.
A water bottle is knocked off a desk.
When does the bottle have the MOST
kinetic energy?

A. At the top of the fall.


B. In the middle of the fall.
C. At the bottom of the fall.
Calculating Kinetic Energy

KE = ½ mv2
Units
KE = kinetic energy J or Nm
m = mass kg
v = velocity m/sec
Sample Problems

1. A bicycle with a mass of 14 kg traveling at a


velocity of 3.0 m/s east. Find the kinetic
energy of the bicycle.
2. What is the kinetic energy of a 120 kg object
moving at 30 m/sec?
Exercises
1. A 1200 kg automobile is traveling at a
velocity of 100 m/s northwest. What is the
kinetic energy of the automobile?
2. A car has 3600 J of kinetic energy and is going
3 m/sec. What is its mass?
Potential
Energy
Potential energy is the energy stored in an
object because of its position. It has the
“potential” to cause change.
Examples of Potential Energy:
A stretched rubber band..

Water at the top of a waterfall..

Yo–Yo held in your hand..

A drawn Bow and Arrow…


The Basics of Potential Energy
• Potential Energy is stored energy.
• Potential Energy is greater if the
position of an object is higher.
• Potential energy increases as the
mass of an object increases.
Which object has more potential energy?

A
ANSWER

This brick has more mass than the feather;


therefore more potential energy!
Changing an objects’ height can change its
potential energy.
• If I want to drop an apple from the top of one of these
three things, where will be the most potential energy?

A
C
B
ANSWER

A
• The higher the
object, the more
potential energy!
Calculating potential energy
PEg = m*g*h or PEg =Fw*h
Units
PEg = gravitational potential energy J or Nm
m = mass kg
g = acceleration due to gravity m/sec2
h = height m
Fw=Force of Weight N

NOTE: Units for kinetic and potential energy are J


(joules). 1 joule = 1 kg × m2/sec2 = 1 Nm
Sample Problems
1. A flower pot with a mass of 15 kg is sitting on a
window sill 15 meters above the ground. How
much potential energy does the flower pot
contain? What is the kinetic energy of a 120 kg
object moving at 30 m/sec?
2. If the flower pot is lowered to a window sill that
is 10. m from the ground. Does this change the
potential energy of the flower pot?
3. What is the potential energy of a 90 N boat
before it falls from the top of a 30 m waterfall?
Exercises
1. A weight lifter lifts a 120 kg mass from the floor to a
position above his head, 2.5 meters above the
floor.  What is the potential energy expressed by
the weight?
2. If the acceleration on a new planet is 5.2 m/s2 and
a meteor is sitting on a hilltop at 100 m with 650 J
of PE, then what is the mass of the meteor?
Exercises
1. A weight lifter lifts a 120 kg mass from the floor to a
position above his head, 2.5 meters above the floor. 
What is the potential energy expressed by the
weight?
2. What is the potential energy of a 90 N boat before it
falls from the top of a 30 m waterfall?
3. If the acceleration on a new planet is 5.2 m/s2 and a
meteor is sitting on a hilltop at 0.1 km with 650 J of
PE, then what is the mass of the meteor?
Quiz
1. When a golf ball is hit, it travels at 41 m/s. The
mass of a golf ball is 0.045 kg. What is the
kinetic energy of the golf ball?
2. An object moving with a speed of 67 m/s and
has a kinetic energy of 500 J, what is the mass
of the object.
3. An object has a kinetic energy of 14 J and a
mass of 17 kg , how fast is the object moving?
Quiz
1. A plane has a mass of 2000 kg and is travelling
100 m above the ground. What is the plane’s
potential energy?
2. A marble is on a table 2.4 m above the ground.
What is the mass of the marble if it has a GPE
of 568 J?
3. A box with a mass of 12.5 kg sits on the floor.
How high would you need to lift it for it to have
a GPE 355 J?
Roller Coasters
• When does the train on
this roller coaster have
the MOST potential
energy?

• AT THE VERY TOP!


• The HIGHER the train is lifted
by the motor, the MORE
potential energy is produced.

• At the top of the hill the train


has a huge amount of potential
energy, but it has very little
kinetic energy.
• As the train accelerates down the hill the
potential energy is converted into kinetic
energy.

• There is very little


potential energy at
the bottom of the hill,
but there is a great
amount of kinetic
energy.
• When does the train
on this roller coaster
have the MOST
kinetic energy?
(When is it moving the fastest?)
(When does it have the LEAST
potential energy???)

• At the bottom of the


tallest hill!
Potential or Kinetic Energy?

• Moving car
• Tree branch
• Bent car fender
• Balloon filled with air
• Balloon squirting around room
• Person inside a moving car
• What type of
energy does the
space shuttle have
at lift off?
Conversion of Potential to Kinetic
Energy
• In this picture both
kinds of energy are
evident. Can you
point them out?
• The water at the top
has potential energy
• When water falls to
a lower level, the
potential energy is
converted to kinetic
energy.

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