Scribd
Upload
44 views

Data Representation

1. The document discusses binary systems and how they are used in computer systems. It describes how decimal numbers can be converted to and from binary and how binary is used to measure computer memory sizes. 2. Error detection methods like parity checking, automatic repeat request, and checksums are explained as ways to check if data has been transmitted correctly between devices using binary. Parity checking allocates an extra parity bit to detect errors, while checksums calculate a value from the data sent to compare at the receiving end.

Uploaded by

muhongyakenneth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views

Data Representation

1. The document discusses binary systems and how they are used in computer systems. It describes how decimal numbers can be converted to and from binary and how binary is used to measure computer memory sizes. 2. Error detection methods like parity checking, automatic repeat request, and checksums are explained as ways to check if data has been transmitted correctly between devices using binary. Parity checking allocates an extra parity bit to detect errors, while checksums calculate a value from the data sent to compare at the receiving end.

Uploaded by

muhongyakenneth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

1.

Data Representation

1.1. Binary Systems


Lesson objectives
Converting from decimal to binary
Measurement of computer memories
Error detection methods
1 .The binary system is based on the number
2 . Made up of 1s and 0s
3. Use of binary numbers in computer systems
binary
Converting Binary to Denary To calculate a binary number like, 10101000,
place it in columns of base 2 numbers Then add all the base 2 numbers
Binary table
128+32+8=168

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Converting Denary to Binary
To calculate a denary number like, 84, set up the columns of base 2 numbers

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
1.2. Measurement of the Size of Computer
Memories
A binary digit is referred to as a BIT, 8 bits is a byte Byte is used to measure memory
size
Name of memory size No. of Bits Equivalent Denary Value

1 kilobyte (1KB) 2 10 1 024 bytes

1 megabyte (1MB) 2 20 1 048 576 bytes

1 gigabyte (1GB) 2 30 1 073 741 824 bytes

1 terabyte (1TB) 2 40 1 099 511 627 776 bytes

1 petabyte (1PB) 2 50 1 125 899 906 842 624


bytes
Example use of binary
A register is a group of bits, often depicted as:
Robotics Digital instrument
Counting systems
Memory Dumps
Coding in Low Level Language
Error Checking
Parity Checking

Parity checking is used to check whether data has been


changed or corrupted following transmission from one device
to another A byte of data is allocated a parity bit Systems that
use even parity have an even number of 1-bits
Parity check
Systems that use odd parity have an odd number of 1- bits Parity bit
added together along with the 1 bits If different parity after
transmission then error detected
Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)
ARQ is another method to check if data has been transmitted
correctly It uses acknowledgements (message sent by the receiver
indicating that data has been received correctly) It uses timeouts
Request is sent requiring acknowledgment If there is no response
within the certain timeout data is resent
Checksum
Checksum is another way to see if data has been transmitted correctly
Data is sent in blocks and an additional value sent at the end of the
block .A value is calculated from the data and sent with data Data is
recalculated at receivers end and compared to original checksum to
identify error

You might also like