Force

Motion
Energy
For an object to move, there must be
an application of force.

Force is a push or a pull that causes

an object to move, change direction,
change speed, or stop.
Pull

Push
Newton’s First Law of Motion
An object at rest tends to stay at rest
and an object in motion tends to stay in
motion unless acted upon by a force.
Applying force can cause motion, a
change in the position of the object.

Applied force caused a

change in position of the
car!

Force
Energy is required to
apply force.

Energy is the ability to

do work by applying
force.
Force was applied to lift
the rocket into the air!
Two kinds of Energy
Potential Energy - Stored energy
Kinetic Energy - The energy of motion

Let’s As
seethe
what Force
biker goes up
happens At As
the
to the the of
top biker
the goes down
hill, the
the At
hill, kinetic
this
the point,
hill,energy
the biker
kinetic energy
biker
potentialdecreases
and has
kinetic maximum
while
has storedenergy
increases
potential energy
while that
butpotential
energy ofpotential
the biker as
energy
can be energy
used todecreases.
goenergy.
down
upminimum
the hill! kinetic
he goesincreases.
the hill.

Force
Potential Energy
If an object is not in motion, it has potential
energy. Potential energy is a result of
stored energy or energy due to position.

Ball about to
Drawn bow
be dropped
has stored
has stored
energy.
energy.

Water at the
Compressed
top of a
spring has
waterfall has
stored energy.
stored energy.
 Potential energy depends on mass
and height of the object. Lower weight:
Larger weight:
Lower potential
Higher height: Higher potential energy
Higher potential energy → Rolls down and
energy → Rolls down and reaches bottom
reaches bottom slower
→ Higher impact
faster
Lower height:
Lower potential
energy
→ Lower impact
Potential Energy converted to
Kinetic Energy…

When stored energy begins to move,

the object transfers energy from
potential energy into kinetic energy.

Standing Running
Kinetic Energy

If an object has motion, it has kinetic

energy.
Jumping rope
Vibration of the
results in
telephone They all
motion.
causes motion.
have kinetic
energy!

Car going
Spinning a
down the
ball has
road has motion.
motion.
 Kinetic energy depends on mass and
speed of the object.

Slower Speed: Higher Speed:

Lower kinetic energy Higher kinetic
→ Slower energy → Faster
Lighter Load: Heavier Load: acceleration
acceleration
Lower kinetic energy Higher kinetic
→ Easier to energy → Harder
push/pull
to push/pull
Measuring Energy
• Just like time, distance, and speed, energy
can be measured.
• Energy is measured in joules (J).

• How much is 1 J? One joule is equal to

the energy required to lift a small apple
(100g) vertically one meter.
• Potential and kinetic energy
are both measure in joules.
Example in…
What happens to the kinetic
and potential energy of the
bird as it is released?
While the bird is ascending,
kinetic energy is decreasing and
potential energy is increasing.
The bird is at the top of the
trajectory. At this point, kinetic
energy is at a minimum while
potential energy is at a
maximum.
What happens to the kinetic
and potential energy of the
bird as it falls back to the
ground?
While the bird is descending
from the top, the kinetic
energy is increasing and
potential energy is
decreasing.
 Let’s test our
understanding of
potential and
kinetic energy!
 The blueskater
Which shirt Which skater is
The red shirt skater
transferring energy
skater
has thehas the
lowest is transferring from
from potential
The
Whichyellow
lowest
skater
kinetic shirt
kinetic
energy? potential
energyenergy to
to kinetic
skater
has has the
theenergy.
highest kinetic energy.
energy?
highest
kinetic kinetic
energy? TheWhich
yellowskater
shirt
energy. has the
skater haslowest
the
lowestpotential
potential
energy?
The blueskater
Which energy.
has thehas
skater
Good
shirt
highest
the
What is
The
the potential
highestorder
correct
sequence energy?
for
energy.
of
job!
potential
sequence
What is theincrease
order is
of in potential
The correctfor energy?
sequenceyellow, red, blue.
sequence is kinetic
increase in blue,
red,energy?
yellow.
Summary
• Potential and kinetic energy are two types of energy.
• Potential energy is stored energy.
• Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
• Both depend on mass of the object. Potential energy
also depends on position of the object, while kinetic
energy also depends on the speed of the object.
• Potential energy can be converted to
kinetic energy, and vice versa.
• Potential and kinetic energy are measured
in joules.
Fin!