FINALintroductiontopoliticalscience 100513224900 Phpapp01
FINALintroductiontopoliticalscience 100513224900 Phpapp01
MODULE TWO
• What is political science?
• Political Science according to Scholars.
• Nature Of Political Science
• Approaches
• Scope / subject matter of Political science
• Is Political science a science?
• To what extend political science is science
• Conclusion.
The word Politics has its origins in
Ancient Greece.
• People
• Territory
• Government
• Sovereignty
What is the difference between
Nation and State?
Citizenship Nationality
• Legal or juristic • Ethnic or racial
• Can be changed • Absolute, Innate
or taken-back
Citizens
DEMOCRATIC
• This emphasizes that the Philippines has
some aspects of direct democracy such as
initiative and referendum.
D. Sovereignty
• a set of rules
pertaining to human
concepts of bad and
good.
PHYSICAL LAW
• Laws of physical
science concerning
sequence of cause
and effects.
SOCIAL LAW
• Monarchy form of
government in which the
final authority is in the hands
of a single person without
regard to the source of his
elections or the nature or
duration of his tenure.
TYPES OF
MONARCHY
A. ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
is an idealized form of government, a monarchy
where the ruler has the power to rule their
country and citizens freely with no laws or
legally-organized direct opposition telling the
monarchy what to do.
– Ruler rules by divine right
– Exercises absolute power
– He is the chief executive
– The legislator and the judge at the same time
• In order of importance:
1. King
2. People
Kings and Queens
• Get their power through
birthright or heredity.
• Raised to become head
of state.
• Highly educated and
cultured
• Louis XIV of France
was an absolute
monarch. (1681-1715)
Today’s absolute monarchies
1. Swaziland 3. Saudi Arabia
4. Oman
2. Vatican City
B. Constitutional Monarchies
• A constitutional monarchy is a political system in
which the head of state is a king or queen ruling to
the extent allowed by a constitution.
• In order of importance:
1. The constitution
2. King or Queen
3. People
The biggest is…
• United Kingdom with
the commonwealth
nations of
• New Zealand
• Canada
• Jamaica
• Queen Elizabeth II is
the monarch
Other constitutional monarchies
2. ARISTOCRACY
• A government in which a few persons
the aristocrats holding exceptional
rank and privileges, especially the
hereditary nobility, exercise the
political power of the states.
• Government by an elite society that
has high social status, wealth and
political power.
3. DEMOCRACY
– A form of government in which the
supreme power is vested in the people
and exercised directly by them or by their
elected delegates or representatives under
a free electoral system.
– Lincoln
• Democracy is the government of the
people, by the people and for the
people.
FORMS OF
DEMOCRATIC
GOVERNMENT
DIRECT/PURE DEMOCRACY
A de jure –
is one that has the legal recognition of the family
of nations, but it may exist alongside a rival government
which is de facto.
A de facto-
has set itself up in the state, it has its own
set of officials, laws, etc. but it does not has
international recognition although it may want
that.
Ways of changing the government
1.Election
2.Resignation of the Chief of State or head of
Government
3.Impeachment
-comes from the French word
“empeche”
to (remove or throw away).
- it means the forceable removal of
the chief executive of the legislature
4. Natural death of the leader
5. Assasination
to associate means to kill an important
public figure, usually for political reasons.
6. Coup d’etat
Military coup d ‘etat (literally meaning “a blow
to the state”) have ousted governments usually in
newly emerging nations with unstable politics and a
strong military.
7. Civil war –
part of a country may select or choose to
declare its indipendence from the rest of the
country.
- always bloody and violent
8. Revolution – a national upheaval which results in
drastic changes for the country; its form government
and set of officials.
1030-MW
1-8 ways of changing the government
9. A government that has the legal recognition of the
family of nations ( de jure)
10. A government rule by a bad ruler.. TYRANNY
3:00-MW
1-3 Aristotleian classification of government
4- It is the organization or agency through which the state
experience and enforces its will. GOVERNMENT
5. A latin word for government which means a rudder..
“gubernaculum”
6-10 forms of government
1. 3:00 TTh
2.1. 1. A government rule by the mob..MOBOCRACY
2. It controls all aspects of the people’s life. TOTALITARIAN
3. A form of government in which the final authority is in the hands of a
single person . Monarchy
4. A french word which means remove or throw away.. “empeche”
5. A national upheaval which results in drastic changes for the country.
Revolution
6. A government rule by the unscropolous rich people. OLIGARCHY
7. A government that does not has have international recognition. De
facto
8. A form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a dictator.
Dictatorial.
9. A government wherein The executive power is exercised by a single
president elected by popular vote. PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACY
• NATURALZED BORN-
• Bring honors to their second homeland.
CITIZEN AT THE TIME OF
THE ADOPTION OF THE
CONSTITUTION
• THOSE CONSIDERED Filipino
citizens under the 1973 Constitution
(which took effect on January 17,
1973) at the time of the effectivity of
the new Constitution on February 2,
1987 by virtue of Proclamation No.58
of the President.
MODES OF ACQUIRING
CITIZENSHIP
1.CITIZENSHIP BY BIRTH – governed by two
principles
JUS SANGUINIS
Legislative Department
3 BRANCHES
of the
GOVERNMENT
FORBIDDEN OFFICE
Office which a member of a Congress may
not be a beneficiary by reason of being a
participant when said office was created. Hence, a
member of Congress shall not be eligible for
appointment to such office even if he resigns.
SECTION 15.
The Congress shall convene once every year
on the fourth Monday of July for its
regular session, …and shall continue to be
in session for such number of days as it may
determine until thirty days before the
opening of its next regular session, exclusive
of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays.
The President may call a special session at
any time.
SECTION 16.
LEGISATIVE JOURNAL
- the official record of what is done and passed in a
legislative assembly and the proceedings occurred
from day to day.
(3) Each House may determine the rules of its
proceedings, punish its Members for
disorderly behavior, and, with the
concurrence of two-thirds of all its Members,
suspend or expel a Member. A penalty of
suspension, when imposed, shall not exceed
sixty days.
(4) Each House shall keep a Journal of its
proceedings, and from time to time publish
the same, excepting such parts as may, in its
judgment, affect national security…
SECTION 17.
There shall be a
Commission on
Appointments… shall act
on all appointments
submitted to it…
SECTION 21.
The Senate or the House of
Representatives or any of its respective
committees may conduct inquiries in aid
of legislation in accordance with its duly
published rules of procedure. The rights
of persons appearing in or affected by
such inquiries shall be respected.
SECTION 26.
No bill passed by either House shall become
a law unless it has passed three readings on
separate days, and printed copies thereof in
its final form have been distributed to its
Members three days before its passage…
Upon the last reading of a bill, no
amendment thereto shall be allowed, and the
vote thereon shall be taken immediately
thereafter, and the yeas and nays entered in
the Journal.
Steps in the Passage of a Bill
BILL- the draft of a law submitted to the
consideration of a legislative body for its
adoption.
FIRST READING
any member of either house can present a
proposed bill. During the first readings the
principal author of the bill may propose
additional author. The bill contains its number,
title and names of authors.
• THE BILL IS REFERRED TO THE
APPROPRIATE COMMITTEE
After the first reading the bill is referred to the
appropriate committee/ committee for study. If
disapproved in the committee, the bill dies a natural
death.
• SECOND READING
• If the committee’s evaluation of the bill is
formulated, it is forwarded to the Committee on
Rules so that it can be calendared for deliberation on
Second Reading. The bill is read for the second time
in its entirety.
• DEBATES
– A general debate follows after the second reading
and amendments may be proposed by any member
of Congress. Amendments are done in accordance
with the rules of either House.
• PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION
– When the bill is approved on the second reading,
the bill is printed in the final form and copies are
distributed among the members of the House three
days before the passage, except bills certified by
the Chief Executive.
• THIRD READING
This is the last reading of a bill where
only its title is read. No amendment is allowed
and the votes (yeas or nays) are entered in the
journal. A member may abstain. As a rule a
majority of the member constituting a quorum
can pass a bill.
• THE BILL IS REFERRED TO THE OTHER
HOUSE
• If the bill is approved, it is referred to the other
House where the same procedure is observed.
• The BILL IS FORWARDED TO THE
PRESIDENT
– A bill approved on the third reading by both Houses
is printed in form and transmitted to the President
for appropriate action – approved or disapproved.
– If the President does not communicate his veto of
any bill to the House where it originated within 30
days from receipt it shall become a law even if he
did not sign it.
– Bills that are re-passed by Congress over the veto of
the Chief Executive automatically becomes a law.
3 ways when a bill may become a law
1.) When the President approves the bill by
signing it.
2.) When the President vetoes the bill and the
same is overriden by 2/3 votes of all the
members of both Houses.
3.) When the President does not
communicate his veto within 30 days after
the date of receipt.
ARTICLE VII
Executive
Department
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
the branch of government which gives
effect to the will of the state.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE
- the head of the government who is
responsible for the administration and
execution of the laws of the land.
SECTION 1.
Article VII
Sec. 16 - 23
Appointing Power
SECTION 16.
The President shall nominate and,
with the consent of the Commission on
Appointments, appoint the heads of the
executive departments, ambassadors,
other public ministers and consuls, or
officers of the armed forces from the
rank of colonel or naval captain, and
other officers whose appointments are
vested in him in this Constitution.
APPOINTMENT –
is the act of designation by the
executive officer of the individual who
is to exercise the functions of a given
office.