Midterm Topic - 1
Midterm Topic - 1
• WHEN IT IS ADOPT?
. https://youtu.be/HGY6EYjO4Y0
Teaching-Learning Activity
Week 1
LO 1.2
LECTURE NOTES:
Topic: Major sources of pollution and its effects to the marine environment
30% BY SHIPS
HELLENICSHIPPINGNEWS.COM
70% BY LAND
(Sources: eea.europa.eu)
Shipping by numbers
The world's biggest container ships have 109,000 horsepower
engines which weigh 2,300 tons.
Each ship expects to operate 24hrs a day for about 280 days a year
There are 90,000 ocean-going cargo ships
Shipping is responsible for 18-30% of all the world's nitrogen oxide
(NOx) pollution and 9% of the global sulphur oxide (SOx) pollution.
One large ship can generate about 5,000 tonnes of sulphur oxide
(SOx) pollution in a year
70% of all ship emissions are within 400km of land.
85% of all ship pollution is in the northern hemisphere.
Shipping is responsible for 3.5% to 4% of all climate change emissions
Marine pollution has been an ever-present problem
since the advent of large-scale agricultural activity and
industrialization. However, significant laws and
regulations at an international level to tackle the
problem came only in the mid-twentieth century. During
United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea in the
early 1950s, the various stakeholders come together to
deliberate and formulate laws pertaining to marine
pollution. Till mid-twentieth century the majority of the
scientists maintained that oceans were vast enough to be
able to dilute the amount of pollution being drained into
them, thus, considering pollution harmless to the marine
life.
-CAUSES OF MARINE POLLUTION
a. Eutrophication
b. Acidification
c. Toxins
d. Plastics
LO 1.3
LECTURE NOTES:
Topic:
• Scientists estimate that more than half of the world’s sea turtles and nearly every
seabird on Earth have eaten plastic in their lifetimes.
• One of the reasons that plastic pollution is such a problem is that it doesn’t go
away: “plastics are forever
Everyone can do something to reduce the amount of plastic that enters the
ocean, and millions of people worldwide are already taking action to reduce
their plastic use.
Wherever you live, the easiest and most direct way that you can
get started is by reducing your own use of single-use plastics.
Single-use plastics include plastic bags, water bottles, straws, cups,
utensils, dry cleaning bags, take-out containers, and any other
plastic items that are used once and then discarded.
2. Recycle Properly
This should go without saying, but when you use single-use (and
other) plastics that can be recycled, always be sure to recycle
them. At present, just 9% of plastic is recycled worldwide.
Recycling helps keep plastics out of the ocean and reduces the
amount of “new” plastic in circulation.
3. Participate In (or Organize) a Beach or River Cleanup
Help remove plastics from the ocean and prevent them from
getting there in the first place by participating in, or
organizing a cleanup of your local beach or waterway. This is one
of the most direct and rewarding ways to fight ocean plastic
pollution. You can simply go to the beach or waterway and collect
plastic waste on your own or with friends or family, or you can join
a local organization’s cleanup or an international event like the
International Coastal Cleanup.
4. Support Bans
Tell your friends and family about how they can be part of the
solution
7. Support Organizations Addressing Plastic Pollution