NAT REVIEW in

Statistics and
Probability
Prepared by: Marielle P. Ybañez, SST-I
 Answer: D. Random Variable

1. It is a variable being measured to produce numerical observations

associated with the random outcomes of a chance experiment.
A. fixed variable
B. dependent variable
C. independent variable
D. random variable
 Answer: A. the number of patients in a
hospital

2. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?

A. the number of patients in a hospital
B. the average weight of female athletes
C. the average amount of electricity consumed
D. the amount of paint used in repainting a building
 Discrete VS. Continuous

discrete data is a finite value that can be counted

whereas continuous data has an infinite number of
possible values that can be measured.
 Answer: A. Tail (T) and Head (H)

3. What are the possible values of a random variable when a coin is

tossed once?
A. Tail (T) and Head (H)
B. The number of dots 1,2,3,4,5,6
C. Tail and Tail (TT), and Head and Head (HH)
D. The pair of even number of dots (2,2),(2,4),(2,6),(4,2),(4,4),(4,6),
(6,2),(6,4) and (6,6)
 Answer: D.

4. Which is a discrete probability distribution?

A discrete probability distribution lists each possible value that a
random variable can take, along with its probability. It has the
following properties:
The probability of each value of the discrete random variable is
between 0 and 1, so 0 ≤ P(x) ≤ 1.
The sum of all the probabilities is 1, so ∑ P(x) = 1.
 Answer: A. 1/8

5. A fair coin is tossed three times and the sequence of heads (H) and
tails (T) is observed. What is the probability that no heads will
appear?
A. 1/8
B. 3/8
C. 5/8
D. 2/3
 Answer: B. mean value over an infinite
number of observations of the variable.

6. The expected value of a random variable is the

A. largest value that will ever occur.
B. mean value over an infinite number of observations of the variable.
C. most common value over an infinite number of observations of the
variable.
D. value that has the highest probability of occurring.
For items 7-10.
Cardo sells a maximum of 3 tickets per customer. Let T be the number
of tickets sold to a random customer. Below is the probability
distribution of T.
 Answer: B. 0.17

7. Which probability value would satisfy the given probability

distribution?
A. 0.16
B. 0.17
C. 0.18
D. 0.19
 Answer: C. 1.66

8. What is the mean of the probability distribution?

A. 1.64
B. 1.65
C. 1.66
D. 1.67
Mean of Probability distribution

𝜇=∑ 𝑥∙𝑃(𝑥)
𝜇=0+0.17+0.80+0.69

𝜇=1.66
 Answer: A. 2.18

9. What is the variance of the probability distribution?

A. 2.18
B. 2.19
C. 2.20
D. 2.21
Variance of Probability distribution

𝜎 =∑ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑃 ( 𝑥 ) −𝜇
2 2 2
𝜎 2=0+ 0.17+1.6+ 2.07 −1.66 2

2
𝜎 =2.18
 Answer: D. If we look at a large number of customers, then each
customer, on the average, will have purchased about 1.66 tickets.

10. What would be the best interpretation you can create given the
mean of the probability distribution?
A. Most customers will purchase 3 tickets.
B. Cardo can expect to have more tickets sold.
C. A group of 10 customers will purchase exactly 29 tickets.
D. If we look at a large number of customers, then each customer, on
the average, will have purchased about 1.66 tickets.
 Answer: B. Find the mean of the probability
distribution

11. What is the first step in finding the variance of a discrete

probability distribution?
A. Calculate the standard deviation
B. Find the mean of the probability distribution
C. Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable X
D. Multiply the square of the difference of X and the mean by each
value of the random variable.
 Answer: It tells the average of the items in a
discrete probability distribution

12. Which statement is NOT true about the variance of a discrete

random variable?
A. Variance is always nonnegative.
B. It tells the average of the items in a discrete probability distribution
C. It measures how far apart the elements of the set are spread out
D. High variance indicates that the data points are very spread out
around the mean.
 Answer: C. Yes because the expected value is
positive P2,000

13. A local club plans to invest P10,000 to host a basketball game. They expect
to sell tickets worth P15,000. But if it rains on the day of the game, they won't sell
any tickets, and the club will lose all the money invested. If the weather forecast
for the day of the game is 20% possibility of rain, is this a good investment?
A. No because the expected value is positive P2,000
B. No because the expected value is negative P2,000
C. Yes because the expected value is positive P2,000
D. Yes because the expected value is negative P2,000
 Answer: C. It is divided into positive 2 and
negative 2 standard deviations

14. Which of the following is NOT a property of a normal curve?

A. The total area under it is 1.
B. The curve is symmetric about the center.
C. It is divided into positive 2 and negative 2 standard deviations
D. The mean, median, and mode have the same value and are located
at the same point.
 Answer: B. 95%

15. The area under the part of normal curve in the standard normal
distribution that lies within 2 standard deviations of the mean is
A. 68%
B. 95%
C. 99.7%
D. 100%
 68-95-99.7 rule

It says: 68% of the population is within 1 standard deviation of the

mean. 95% of the population is within 2 standard deviation of the mean.
99.7% of the population is within 3 standard deviation of the mean.
 Answer: A. Math

16. A set of Mathematics exam scores has a mean of 68 and a standard

deviation of 8. A set of English exam scores has a mean of 75 and a
standard deviation of 10. For which exam would a score of 78 have a
higher standing?
A. Math
B. English
C. both Math & English
D. cannot be determined
 Answer: C. The area between a and b.

17. What is “P(a<x<b)”?

A. The area to the left of a.
B. The area to the right of a.
C. The area between a and b.
D. The area to the right of b.
 Answer: C. 97

18. Evaluate the score of the student in a biology test where the
equivalent z-score is 0.98. The mean of the test was 88 with a
standard deviation of 9.5.
A. 95
B. 96
C. 97
D. 98
Z-score converted to raw score and vv
 Answer: C. 42

19. The midterm examination scores in Statistics and Probability follows

a normal distribution with mean of 38 and a standard deviation of 2. If
Felix is included in the top 5%, what minimum score should Felix have?
A. 40
B. 41
C. 42
D. 43
 Answer: C. A researcher doing a research work on students’
reaction of the newly implemented curriculum and interviewed
every 10th student entering the gate.

20. Which of the following illustrates a systematic sampling method?

A. A researcher conducted a survey of 50 randomly selected workers from each of these
categories: high school graduate, with undergraduate degrees, with master’s degree, and
with doctoral degree.
B. A researcher interviewed all freshmen in each of 15 randomly selected public schools in
Surigao del Norte.
C. A researcher doing a research work on students’ reaction of the newly implemented
curriculum and interviewed every 10th student entering the gate.
D. A researcher selected a sample of n = 120 from a population 850 using the Table of
Random Numbers.
 Answer: B. It is a random variable

21. A randomly selected sample of 400 students at a university with 15-week

semesters was asked whether or not they think the semester should be shortened to
14 weeks (with longer classes). Forty-six percent (46%) of the 400 students
surveyed answered "yes." Which one of the following statements about the
number 46% is correct?
A. It is a sample statistic
B. It is a random variable
C. It is a population parameter
D. It is a quantitative discrete variable
 Answer: C. Sample

22. What do you call a portion or representative of population?

A. Parameter
B. Population
C. Sample
D. Statistic
 Answer: A. 400 students

23. A randomly selected 400 students out of 9000 students at a university

with 15-week semesters was asked whether or not they think the semester
should be shortened to 14 weeks (with longer classes). Forty-six percent
(46%) of the 400 students surveyed answered "yes." What is the sample?
A. 400 students
B. 9000 students
C. 15-week semesters
D. 46% who answered “yes”
 Answer: A. The mean of the sample mean is
equal to the population mean.

24. Which of following is true about the mean of the sample means?
A. The mean of the sample mean is equal to the population mean.
B. The mean of the sample mean is equal to the population mean divided
by the population variance.
C. The mean of the sample mean is equal to the square of population
mean.
D. The mean of the sample mean is equal to the square root of population
mean.
 Answer: D. 10.75

For items 25-26. Below are the scores of 8 Grade 11 students in Statistics quiz.
7, 8, 12, 15, 10, 11, 9, 14
25. What is the mean of the sample means of size 3?
A. 9.50
B. 9.75
C. 10.50
D. 10.75
 Answer: A. 1.5

26. What is the variance of the sample means of size 3 if the

population variance is 6.9375?
A. 1.5
B. 1.6
C. 1.7
D. 1.8
 Answer: D. All of the above

27. What is true about the standard error of the mean?

A. Decreases as the sample size increases.
B. It is less than the standard deviation of the population.
C. It measures the variability of the mean from sample to sample.
D. All of the above
 Answer: C. t-Distribution

28. What distribution is used to estimate population parameters

when the population variance is unknown, and the sample size is less
than 30?
A. Chi-square Distribution
B. Pearson Correlation Coefficient
C. t-Distribution
D. z-Distribution
 Answer: D. z-Distribution

29. Given µ =10, σ = 3 and n = 40. Which of the following

distribution of the sample mean for a normal population when the
population variance is known?
A. Chi-square Distribution
B. Pearson Correlation Coefficient
C. t-Distribution
D. z-Distribution
 Answer: C. t-test

30. A History teacher claims that the average height of Filipino males is 163
centimeters. A student taking up Statistics randomly select 10 Filipino males and
measure their heights. Their heights in centimeter are
163,167,159,165,162,164,163,160,169 and 174. To test the claim, which test is
appropriate?
A. chi-square test
B. f-test
C. t-test
D. z-test
 Answer: A. Central Limit Theorem

31. Which of the following states that the sampling distribution of

the sample means approaches a normal distribution as the sample size
gets larger?
A. Central Limit Theorem
B. Law of Large Numbers
C. Limit Theorem
D. Bayes Theorem
 Answer: D. It approaches the normalcy of the
distribution.

32. What happen to the histogram of the sample means of the

random samples in Central Limit Theorem, as n→∞?
A. It changes nothing from the original population.
B. It shows the variance of the distribution.
C. It shows the standard deviation of the distribution.
D. It approaches the normalcy of the distribution.
 Answer: B. 2.12

33. The record of weights of the male population follows the normal
distribution. Its mean and standard deviation are 70 kg and 15 kg
respectively. If a researcher considers the records of 50 males, what would
be its standard deviation?
A. 2.11
B. 2.12
C. 2.13
D. 2.14
 Answer: A. If you have a population mean µ and standard deviation  and take sufficiently
large random samples from the population with replacement, then the distribution of the
sample means will be approximately distributed normally.

34. Which concept of random sampling distribution of the sample means using Central Limit Theorem?
A. If you have a population mean µ and standard deviation  and take sufficiently large random samples
from the population with replacement, then the distribution of the sample means will be approximately
distributed normally.
B. The probability of the simultaneous occurrence of two events that are independent is given by the
product of their individual probabilities.
C. If you have a population mean µ and standard deviation  and take sufficiently large random samples
from the population with replacement, then the distribution of the sample means will be approximately
distributed same as the original population.
D. The larger the sample size n in sampling distribution of sample mean, the lesser the histogram is to
show the normalcy of the distribution.
 Answer: D. If n= 30

35. What is the estimate, if sample size of random sampling using

Central Limit Theorem is almost normal in accordance to
Statisticians?
A. If n= 2
B. If n= 3
C. If n= 10
D. If n= 30
Answer: B. Former is used when solving z from random sample
while the latter is used in original population.
 Answer: C. There are 31 possible samples of
size 3 drawn in the population N = 7.

37. Which is NOT a correct statement?

A. The total probability distribution of the sample mean is always equal to 1.
B. There are 10 possible samples of size 3 drawn in the population N = 5.
C. There are 31 possible samples of size 3 drawn in the population N = 7.
D. There are 20 possible samples of size 3 drawn in the population N = 6.
 Answer: A. 95.45%

38. Human gestation length is said to be normally distributed with a

mean of 266 days and a standard deviation of 16 days. Suppose 64
pregnancies are randomly selected. What is the probability that the
average gestation length is between 262 and 270 days
A. 95.45%
B. 95.50%
C. 95.75%
D. 95.80%
Answer: A. I-IV-II-III
 Answer: A. Degrees of freedom

40. Given a set of data, which of the following refers to number of

independent observations that are free to vary after a sample statistic
has been computed?
A. Degrees of freedom
B. Mean
C. Standard error
D. Variance
 Answer: D. The variance is always greater
than 1.

41. The following are common properties of z-distribution and t-

distribution, except:
A. The mean, median, and mode are zero.
B. The total area under the curve is 100%.
C. The curve is asymptotic to the x-axis.
D. The variance is always greater than 1.
 Answer: D. As the degrees of freedom decreases, it
approaches to standard normal distribution.

42. The following are characteristics of t-distribution except

A. It is symmetric about the mean 0.
B. It is bell-shaped but has a heavier tail.
C. It depends on the degrees of freedom.
D. As the degrees of freedom decreases, it approaches to standard
normal distribution.
 Answer: A. -2.120

43. Which of the following t is the t-value when µ= 127, 𝑥̅= 120,
s=14 and n=18?
A. -2.120
B. -2.110
C. +2.110
D. +2.120
 Answer: C. 14

44. In a t-distribution, if the sample size is 15, what is the degree of

freedom?
A. 12
B. 13
C. 14
D. 15
 Answer: B. 90th

45. What percentile of the t distribution does 2.500 belong if the

sample size is 24?
A. 80th
B. 90th
C. 95th
D. 99t
 Answer: B. 14.5

46. Which of the following is the length of the interval between 45.5
and 60?
A. 10.5
B. 14.5
C. 45.5
D. 60
 Answer: A. 2.25

47. The mean gasoline consumption of 15 cars is 38 liters with a

standard deviation of 2 liters. Using a 95% confidence level, how long
is the interval of the sample mean?
A. 2.25
B. 2.30
C. 2.35
D. 2.40
 Answer: D. 385

48. What is the needed sample size if the margin of error is 0.8 and
the standard deviation is 8 with a 95% confidence level?
A. 325
B. 335
C. 345
D. 385
 Answer: C. 99

49. A researcher found that the mean score of Grade 9 students in the
Math exam is normally distributed with a mean of 82 and a standard
deviation of 2.5. The margin of error was known to be 0.65 at a 99%
confidence level. How large a sample must be?
A. 90
B. 92
C. 99
D. 10
 Answer: D. The length of the confidence interval
increases and the sample size increases.

50. Predict the length of the confidence interval and the sample size as the
confidence level increases.
A. The length of the confidence interval decreases and the sample size increases.
B. The length of the confidence interval increases and the sample size decreases.
C. The length of the confidence interval decreases and the sample size decreases.
D. The length of the confidence interval increases and the sample size increases.