EAPP Lesson 1

Module 1:
Developing Your
Vocabulary
Prepared by:
Roselyn Q. Acpac-Magbutong, LPT
Learning Objectives
At the end of this session, the students are able to:
a. recognize meaning of a word using context clues;

b. identify the meaning of a word through an analysis of its
structure; and
c. give examples of words with denotative and connotative
meaning.
Table of contents
01 02
Context Clues Word Structure
• Example Clues • Prefixes
• Synonym or Definition Clues • Suffixes
• Antonym or Contrast Clues • Root Words
• General Clues • Denotation and
Connotation
01. Context Clues
● Context clues are the words or sentences
surrounding the unfamiliar word that give hints to
its meaning.
● See how much you already know in effectively

using context clues by guessing the meaning of
the following underlined words.
1. Carbohydrates such as pasta, bread, and rice may
contribute to weight gain.
2. When the storm subsided, the residents came out to
clean the mess on their yard.
3. Grace had no choice but to acquiesce to the orders of
her boss; otherwise, she might get fired.
4. A theory is futile when it is not practiced.
5. A hushed and mournful milieu dawned inside the
church as relatives viewed the deceased politician for
the last time.
1. Carbohydrates - food containing starch
2. Subsided - become less intense, violent, go down to a

lower or normal level
3. Acquiesce - accept something reluctantly but without

protest
4. Futile - incapable of producing any useful result;

pointless
5. Milieu - environment
Example Clues
● Example clues are easy to spot. First, the
author will mention a word and then give
examples that either describe or explain it.
Words or phrases indicating that example
clues are on their way are such as, like, for
example, for instance, and as an
illustration.
● Carbohydrates such as pasta, bread, and rice
may contribute to weight gain.
This sentence gives examples of carbohydrates:

pasta, bread, and rice. By these examples, we
can derive that carbohydrates are food that
contain starch.
Synonym or Definition Clues
● In synonym or definition clues, the
meaning of an unfamiliar word is given in
the sentence if a similar word is also used
to make the meaning clearer. Signal
words for synonym clues are or, in the
other words, that is, by this we mean, that
is to say, and also known as.
● Example: Caught in an epiphany, that is, a
sudden strong and clear realization, I suddenly
knew how to solve my dilemma.
● The word epiphany is defined as “ a sudden,

strong, and clear realization” with the signal
words that is as a hint.
Antonym or Contrast Clues
● In this way, the meaning of an unfamiliar
word is given in the sentence if an opposite
word is used to suggest the meaning. Signal
words for antonym clues are but, however,
on the other hand, nevertheless, yet, and in
contrast.
● Example: Jogging long distances exacerbates the
pain in my feet. However, soaking my feet in warm
water after jogging feels relaxing and soothing.
The second sentence gives you a clue that the word

exacerbates must mean “to aggravate” or “to increase
the pain” because of the signal word however, which
signifies the opposite.
General Clues
● Making sense of a word’s meaning by largely depending on your common sense
requires you to use your knowledge and experience.
● Example: Paul knew that he just made a cultural faux pas when he kissed the Muslim
woman on the cheek and he was met with a dead, stunned stare!
In this sentence, how do we know that faux pas could
mean committing some mistakes? Reflect on the
following questions:
1. What’s your prior knowledge on Muslim culture?
2. Based on what you know, what does a “dead,
stunned stare” mean?
After reflecting, we can say that the meaning of the

word refers to committing a mistake or an
unacceptable action.
Let us Practice!
Directions: Identify the context clues of the

underlined words. Write your answers on the
space provided.
EXAMPLE CLUES
1. Among college freshmen, what happened in EDSA last 1986

seems recondite part of Philippine history. For example, when
you ask them to name one thing in EDSA is famous for, they
will say, “Heavy traffic!”
2. After losing all her loved ones in a tragedy, Marife tried to

quell her negative emotions by reading books about
forgiveness, being more sociable in her church and
community, and joining charitable events that focus on
orphans.
3. John is so obnoxious like no other! First, he stepped on the
clean, sparkling floor with his wet, muddy shoes. Second, he
simply left his dirty plates and eating utensils on the table after
having lunch. Lastly, he didn’t close the door when he left the
house this morning, even though he knew that no one else was at
home.
SYNONYM OR DEFINITION CLUES
1. I cannot bear working with a preposterous, that is to

say, unreasonable colleague.
2. The project was meant to ameliorate, the living
conditions of the people in the community, that is, to
make their lives better.
3. I miss the halcyon, in other words, peaceful and
undisturbed college days at the province.
ANTONYM OR CONTRAST CLUES
1. Contrary to the inane project that you first proposed,

this one is so sensible and remarkable.
2. When Frustine speaks, it is often very encouraging and

inspiring. On the other hand, when Justine, his twin
brother speaks, it is almost pejorative in nature.
02. Word Structure
● You should be able to analyze word structure
so that you will understand many English
words.
● A word in English language may have three
parts: the prefix, the root word, and the suffix.
Unisolated
- un (prefix) isolate (root word) - ed (suffix)
Prefixes
● Pre means ‘before’ and fix means ‘to attach’.
● Prefix means “to attach before a word”.
● Prefix have meanings, and understanding their
meanings can help you in figuring out the
meaning of the word with the prefix.
● There are negative prefixes that imply the opposite of
the root word such as un-, non-, in-, and dis-.
● There are also prefixes that show location such as

tele-, sub-, inter-, and trans-.
● Other prefixes can show numbers or amounts such as

mono-, bi-, multi-, and deca-.
See the following examples.
Negative Words Words That Tell Words That

Location Connote
Numbers
Unhappy, nonfat, Subterranean, Monolingual,
incorrect, international, bicycle,
disappeared transatlantic multifaceted,
decagon
Suffixes
● Suffixes usually change a word from one form or
part of speech (e.g., noun, verb, and adjective) to
another form.
● A verb can be a noun if you add a suffix, for
example.
● Adding the suffix may not change the root word, but
it helps change the form of the word to make it
suitable to its usage in a sentence.
● For example, the word memory is a
noun. When you change its suffix, you
will turn the noun memory into an
adjective, it will become memorable; if
you will turn it into a verb, it will
become memorize.
Look at the following table for possible suffixes that turn
words into other forms.
Noun Verb Adjective

Suffixes Suffixes Suffixes
-ance, -dom, -hood, - -ize, -ify, -ate, -en -ful, -ous, -ious, -ate,
ity, -ive, -ment, -ness, -y, -al, -ic, -ish, -ive, -
-ship, -tion, -tude, -er, able, -ible, -less, -ed
-ist
Root Word
● A root word has no prefix or suffix; it’s the most
basic part of a word.
● For example, the word conformity, the root word
is ‘form’.
Denotation and Connotation
● Denotation is referring to the real meaning of
a word.
● For example, the denotative meaning of the

word snake is ‘a cold, scaly reptile”.
● Meanwhile, the connotative meaning it may

mean ‘betrayal, evil, or danger’.
Let us practice!
What I have learned so far?
Directions: Complete the following

table by supplying the appropriate
suffixes.
Noun Verb Adjective
1. _______ 2. _________ Pure
Isolation 3. _________ 4. _________
10. _______ Relate 5. _________
9. ________ Rely 6. _________
8. ________ 7. _________ White
Directions: Choose a word and provide

denotative and connotative meaning on
it.
Word Denotative Meaning Connotative
Meaning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The denotative meaning of ‘heart’ is an organ that
pumps blood. What are the connotative meanings of
heart in the following sentences?
1. “Son, what now is the condition of your heart?” asked by the
priest to the remorseful, repentant sinner.
Does the sinner have a heart disease? What does the priest mean
when he asked this question? Explain.
2. “This heart of mine is yours now and forever.”
Does one really take out his or her heart and give it to someone
else? Explain.
Directions: Can you identify the root

word from the given group of words?
The first one has been done for you.
Root Meaning Sample Words
Word
aud hear Audience, audible,
auditorium, audio-visual
belief, faith Credit, incredible, credulous
law Legitimate, legislature
see, look Inspect, spectacle,
circumspect
Voice, call Vocal, vocation
END

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Module 1:

a. recognize meaning of a word using context clues;

● See how much you already know in effectively

2. Subsided - become less intense, violent, go down to a

3. Acquiesce - accept something reluctantly but without

4. Futile - incapable of producing any useful result;

This sentence gives examples of carbohydrates:

● The word epiphany is defined as “ a sudden,

The second sentence gives you a clue that the word

After reflecting, we can say that the meaning of the

Directions: Identify the context clues of the

1. Among college freshmen, what happened in EDSA last 1986

2. After losing all her loved ones in a tragedy, Marife tried to

1. I cannot bear working with a preposterous, that is to

1. Contrary to the inane project that you first proposed,

2. When Frustine speaks, it is often very encouraging and

● There are also prefixes that show location such as

● Other prefixes can show numbers or amounts such as

Negative Words Words That Tell Words That

Noun Verb Adjective

● For example, the denotative meaning of the

● Meanwhile, the connotative meaning it may

Directions: Complete the following

Directions: Choose a word and provide

2. “This heart of mine is yours now and forever.”

Directions: Can you identify the root

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