Grade 8 Mathematics

Quarter 1

CARTESIAN COORDINATE
SYSTEM
Objectives:
1. Describe the Cartesian Coordinate System, x- axis,
y-axis, quadrant and origin;
2. Plot the given pair of coordinates in the cartesian
coordinate plane ; and
3. Determine the quadrant given a pair of quadrants
 Ordered pairs are used to locate
points in a coordinate plane.
y-axis (vertical axis)
5

-5 5
x-axis (horizontal
axis)
-5

origin (0,0)
 In an ordered pair, the first number is
the x-coordinate. The second number
is the y-coordinate.
Graph. (-3, 2)
5

•
-5
5

-5
The x-axis and y-axis separate the
coordinate plane into four
regions, called quadrants.
II I
(-, +) (+, +)
III IV
(-, -) (+, -)
 Definitions: SYSTEM – is an arrangement that uses
• COORDINATE
numbers and letters to determine the location of specific
points.
• CARTESIAN COORDINATE PLANE – is formed when
two perpendicular number lines intersect at their zero
points.
• ORIGIN – the intersection of the axes of cartesian
coordinate plane.
• COORDINATES OF A POINT – indicates its distance
from the y-axis and from the x-axis.
• ABSCISSA (x-coordinate) – is the first
ordinate, is the coordinate of the foot of the
perpendicular from the point to the y-axis .
• ORDINATE (y-coordinate) – second ordinate,
is the coordinate of the foot of the
perpendicular from the point to the x-axis.
• QUADRANTS – the division of the Cartesian
Plane into four regions.
• (x,y) – the ordered pairs being plotted on the
Cartesian Plane, where x is being listed first.
What is the ordered pair for A?
5
1. (3, 1)
2. (1, 3) •A
5
3. (-3, 1) -5

4. (3, -1)
-5
What is the ordered pair for B?
5
1. (3, 2)
2. (-2, 3)
5
3. (-3, -2) -5

4. (3, -2) •B
-5
 Name the quadrant in which each
point is located
(-5, 4)
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. x-axis
6. y-axis
 Name the quadrant in which each
point is located
(-2, -7)
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. x-axis
6. y-axis
-6 5
Draw a Cartesian Plane and plot the ff.
points:
1. ( -5,6 ) 6. ( 0,-1 )
2. ( 0,9 ) 7. ( -3,-5 )
3. ( -6,0 ) 8. ( 6,6 )
4. ( 7,2 ) 9. ( 10,0 )
5. ( -2,-6) 10. ( 4,-3 )
 Grade 8 Mathematics
Quarter 1

ILLUSTRATING LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN TWO
VARIABLES
Objectives:
1. illustrate linear equations in two variables;
2. construct a table of values for x and y given a
linear equations;
3. determine the solutions of linear equations in
two variables
 Tell whether if the following is a linear equation in
two variables or not.

1.x + y= 4 Linear Equation in Two Variables

2. 2x = 4y-2 Linear Equation in Two Variables
3 . 5x-3 = 12 NOT

4. NOT
5. y= 10 - x Linear Equation in Two Variables
A. Preliminaries
Check the ordered pair that is a
solution to the given linear equation.

NONE OF THE CHOISES

Determine the solution of linear equation in
two variables.

6 11

-2 -6
Determine the solution of linear equation in
two variables.

8 14
 GENERALIZATION:
•The solution of a linear equation
Ax+By=C, where a, b and c are
constants are the set of ordered pair
(x,y) that will satisfy the equation or
that will make the equation true. To
find the solution of a linear equation
SLOPE OF
A LINE
What is the meaning
of this sign?
1. Icy Road Ahead
2. Steep Road Ahead
3. Curvy Road Ahead
What does the 7% mean?
7% is the slope of the road.
It means the road drops 7
feet vertically for every 100
7% feet horizontally.
7 feet
100 feet
So, what is slope???
Slope is the steepness of a
 Slopes (or steepness) of
lines are seen everywhere.
 The steepness of
the roof of a house
is referred to as the
pitch of the roof by
home builders.
 Give one reason
why some
homes have
roofs which have
a greater pitch.
There is less snow build up
 The steepness of wheelchair
ramps is of great importance to
handicapped persons.
 Slopes are commonly
associated with mountains.
 WARM UP
Plot and connect
the two points:
1.A (3, 5) ; B (-1, -1)
2.C (-2, 3) ; D (2, 3)
 WARM UP
Plot and connect
the two points:
3. E (3, 3) ; F (3, -2)
4. G (1, 1) ; H (-3, 4)
The slope we are studying
is associated with the
graph of a line.
 Definitions of SLOPE
⮚the tilt or inclination
or steepness of a
line
Formula to get the SLOPE

y2 - y1
m = x2 - x 1
Slope or
Gradient
 Find the slope of the line
given two points
(3,5) and (-1,-1)
y2 - y1 -1 – 5
m = x - x = -1 – 3
2 1
-6
= -4 = 3
 Find the slope of the line
given two points
(-2,3) and (2,3)
y2 - y1 3 – 3
m = x - x = 2 – (-2)
2 1
0
=4 =0
 Find the slope of the line
given two points
(3,3) and (3,-2)
y2 - y1 -2 – 3
m=x -x = 3–3
2 1
-5
= 0 = undefined
 Find the slope of the line
given two points
(1,1) and (-3, 4)
y2 - y1 4 – 1
m = x - x = -3 – 1
2 1

= 3
 Definitions of SLOPE
• The tilt or inclination of a line

• The ratio of vertical change

to horizontal change.
 Definitions of SLOPE
• The tilt or inclination of a line

• The ratio of vertical change to

horizontal change.

• The rate of change in y over the rate

of change in x
 Vertical Change
Horizontal Change
This ratio is also known as:
Rise
Run
How many points do you need to
draw a line?
• One

• Two

• Three
Graph (3,2) and (-1,-1)
Draw a line through the points.
Remember we are finding
the following ratio:
Vertical or Rise
Horizontal Run
Vertical Change or the Rise

3
Horizontal Change or the Run

4
3
Rise 3
Run
3
m= 4
4
Find the slope of the following line.
The slope is…
1
2
Find the slope of the line.
The slope
is….
3
-1
 Determine the slope.
12
10 9
8 3
6
4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
 Determine the slope.
12
10
8
–5
6
4 7
2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
 Determine the slope.
12
10
7
8
6
4
2
Horizontal lines have a slope of zero.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
 Determine the slope.
12
10
8 6
6
4 Vertical lines have slopes
2 which are undefined.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Summary: Types of Slopes

negative
positive

undefined
zero
Find the slope of these lines.
 The slope is…
• Black line 3

• Red Line 1
Find the slope of these lines
 The slope is…
• Orange line 0

• Green Line Undefined

Let’s draw a line using slope.
What else do you think you
need besides the slope in
order to draw a line?

A point!
If you know the slope and one point on the
line you can draw the line.
Example: slope is 1/3 and the point (-2,-1)
 Now you draw a line.
• Given: slope is 2/3 and the point is (1,0)

• Given: slope is –3 and the point is (–2,4)

• Given: slope is 1 and the point is (2,3)

The graphs are…
Work Time
SUMMATIVE TEST NO.
REFLECTIVE JOURNAL