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Line Sizing Calculations

This document discusses line sizing calculations for piping systems. It covers key considerations like economic impacts, velocity requirements, and space limitations. Important data needed includes flow rate, pressure, pipe schedule, and roughness. Pipe sizing criteria depend on factors such as pump suction/discharge lines, gas/two-phase flows. The procedure involves assuming a pipe diameter, selecting schedule/roughness, calculating velocity/pressure drop, and iterating size until design criteria are met.

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jabar sathik
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467 views

Line Sizing Calculations

This document discusses line sizing calculations for piping systems. It covers key considerations like economic impacts, velocity requirements, and space limitations. Important data needed includes flow rate, pressure, pipe schedule, and roughness. Pipe sizing criteria depend on factors such as pump suction/discharge lines, gas/two-phase flows. The procedure involves assuming a pipe diameter, selecting schedule/roughness, calculating velocity/pressure drop, and iterating size until design criteria are met.

Uploaded by

jabar sathik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINE SIZING

CALCULATIONS

PREPARED BY
JABAR SATHIK
WHAT IS LINE SIZING ?
• Line sizing is one of the most important and critical activities done by
a process engineer for any project.
• Piping is a major cost component in any process plant and it may
vary between 5-15% of the total plant investment and optimum
design may result in considerable cost reductions.
• Piping is to be sized for the controlling operating case determined by
analysis of the flow rates, operating pressure and temperatures for all
identified operating modes .consideration is also given to start-up and
shutdown conditions.
MAIN PURPOSES OF LINE SIZING

• To determine pump head requirements.


• To meet design process parameters such as flow, velocity & pressure.
CATEGORIES OF LINE SIZING

A.  SINGLE PHASE LINE SIZING


1. Liquid Line Sizing
2. Vapor Line Sizing
B. TWO PHASE LINE SIZING
VARIOUS CONSIDERATIONS DURING
LINE SIZING
1. Economic Considerations
Line sizing decisions have economic impacts, including
• Cost of pipe
• Cost of pipe supports
2. Velocity Requirement
• Velocity should be less than the erosion velocity otherwise other piping material will start eroding.
• If velocity exceeds certain limit, the protective layer gets eroded & corrosion inhibitors become
ineffective.
• To avoid settling of solid particles a minimum velocity of about 0.9 m/s should be maintained in the
pipes. 

3. Space Limitations

•  When new pipe is to be provided to a existing plant, the available space may dictate pipe size.
REQUIRED DATA FOR LINE SIZING
CALCULATION
 Pipe Schedule
 Flow Rate
 Absolute Roughness
 Fluid Density
 Fluid Viscosity
 Inlet Pressure
 Fittings details
 Length of the pipe
 Elevation of the pipe
PIPE SIZES

• A minimum size of 2 inches should in general be used for all process, process support and
utility piping to ensure adequate mechanical integrity.
• The following non standard line sizes should not normally be used
1¼ , 2 ½ , 3 ½ , 5 , 7 , 9 , 22
PIPE SCHEDULE
• Pipe schedule (SCH) is how the wall thickness of a pipe is described. It is not an actual measurement,  but a
guide number based on a wall thickness formula.

• Two pipes with the same diameter may have different schedules, which means they have a different wall
thickness. So somebody specifying a pipe for a high pressure application will select a bigger number which
represents a bigger schedule (wall thickness).

• Additionally, in the case of stainless steel,  piping schedules are specified with a letter ‘s’ as a suffix after the
number.

• The list of pipe schedules used today are as follows; 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120,
140, 160, STD, XS AND XXS.

• Pipe schedule was selected from Piping material specification document.

• For preliminary calculations Schedule 40 was selected for CS lines (IF PMS not available).

• Pipe Inner Diameter = Pipe outer Diameter – (2*wall thickness)


PIPE SCHEDULE TABLE
ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT (Ɛ)
Absolute roughness coefficient was used to identify friction factor and pressure drop calculations
VELOCITY

Volumetric flow rate


(m3/hr)/ Area (m2)
Velocity(m/s) =
REYNOLDS NUMBER

• Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that is used to determine the type of flow
pattern as laminar or turbulent while flowing through a pipe. Reynolds number is defined
by the ratio of inertial forces to that of viscous forces.
EQUIVALENT LENGTH
• The definition of the Equivalent Length of a pipe fitting is the length of pipe of
the same size as the fitting that would give rise to the same pressure drop as the
fitting.
• The total equivalent length of piping is its developed length plus the equivalent pipe length
corresponding to the frictional resistance of all fittings and valves in the piping. When size
of fittings are known, or has been established in accordance with sizes based upon
appropriate limitation of velocity, corresponding equivalent lengths may be determined
directly from available tables. Sample table attached below:
STATIC HEAD LOSS

Static head loss(pa) =


Elevation of pipe (m)
*Density(kg/m3) * 9.81(m/sec2 )
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION Non laminar flow

Laminar Flow
LINE SIZING CRITERIA OF PUMP SUCTION
LINES
LINE SIZING CRITERIA FOR PUMP DISCHARGE
LINE
LINE SIZING OF GAS LINES
LINES SIZING OF TWO PHASE LINES
LINE SIZING STEP WISE PROCEDURE
• Step 1: Assume the Pipe Diameter (mostly 2 inches)
• Step 2: Select the Pipe schedule
• Step 3: Select the type of pipe based on that select roughness of pipe
• Step 4: Give the Volumetric flow rate , inlet temperature , Pressure , Viscosity , density data's
• Step 5: Give the no fitting details and calculate the equivalent length of pipe
• Step 6: Give the Elevation details and calculate the Static head
• Step 7: Calculate the Velocity , Reynolds number , Fanning friction factor , Pressure drop
• Step 8: If velocity and pressure drop meets the standard requirements finalize the Pipe dia , If criteria not
meets increase the Pipe Dia . Repeat the same procedure till velocity and pressure drop criteria meets the
requirement.
THANK YOU

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