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Lecture 8

This document discusses different types of computer buses. It defines a bus as a communication pathway that connects two or more devices using parallel lines. The main types of buses are system buses and expansion buses. A system bus connects the central components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It consists of data buses to carry data, address buses to identify memory locations, and control buses to manage signals. Having multiple buses instead of one large bus helps address issues like propagation delays that can impact performance as the number of connected devices increases.

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Syed Muneeb
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27 views

Lecture 8

This document discusses different types of computer buses. It defines a bus as a communication pathway that connects two or more devices using parallel lines. The main types of buses are system buses and expansion buses. A system bus connects the central components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It consists of data buses to carry data, address buses to identify memory locations, and control buses to manage signals. Having multiple buses instead of one large bus helps address issues like propagation delays that can impact performance as the number of connected devices increases.

Uploaded by

Syed Muneeb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Buses and their Types

Lecture 8
Introduction to ICT

3-
What is a Bus?

• A communication pathway or set of parallel lines


used to connect two or more devices
• Most important component of computer
architecture
• more devices share the same bus
• Often grouped
 A number of channels in one bus
 e.g. 32 bit data bus is 32 separate single bit channels

3- 2
What is a Bus?

• All components of computer are connected with


set of parallel lines
• All these lines are used to transfer data from
one component to other
• Data is transferred in form of bits through these
parallel lines
• These lines are called buses

3- 3
Types of Buses

• System Bus
• Expansion Bus

Rev. by Luciano Gualà (2008-09) 3- 4


System Bus

• Used to connect main components of computer


• Used to connect CPU, Memory, I/O Devices
• Generally 70-100 parallel lines in system bus
• Every line transfer one bit at a time

3- 5
System Bus

• Data Bus
• Address Bus
• Control Bus

3- 6
Data Bus

• Carries data
• Width is a key determinant of performance
 8, 16, 32, 64 bit

3- 7
Address bus

• Identify the source or destination of data


• e.g. CPU needs to read an instruction (data)
from a given location in memory
• Bus width determines maximum memory
capacity of system
 e.g. 8080 has 16 bit address bus giving 64k address
space

3- 8
Control Bus

• Transfer Control and timing information


 Memory read/write signal
 Interrupt request
 Clock signals
 Control signals

3- 9
Assignment

• Study control signals and make a list


• Describe every control signal briefly

Rev. by Luciano Gualà (2008-09) 3 - 10


Bus Interconnection Scheme

• Every device is attached to the bus:


 its use needs to be coordinated

3 - 11
Big and Yellow?

• What do buses look like?

3 - 12
Single Bus Problems

• Lots of devices on one bus leads to:


 Propagation delays
• Long data paths mean that co-ordination of bus use can
adversely affect performance
• If aggregate data transfer approaches bus capacity
• Most systems use multiple buses to overcome
these problems

Rev. by Luciano Gualà (2008-09) 3 - 13


Traditional
(with cache)

3 - 14
Bus Types

• Dedicated
 Separate data & address lines
• Multiplexed
 Shared lines
 Address valid or data valid control line
 Advantage - fewer lines
 Disadvantages
• More complex control
• Ultimate performance

3 - 15

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