Opening Prayer

Let us now pause for a moment and feel the presence of

God in our midst.
In the name of the Father …
Heavenly Father, we praise and thank you for the gift of
life, for all the blessings we receive everyday.
Thank you Lord for keeping us safe and healthy and
bringing us together in this class. We pray that You will
send forth the Holy Spirit to guide, enlighten and to
focus our attention to our discussion in order to
understand fully and learn the lesson well.
As we pray … Hail Mary … Holy Mary Mother of God …
In the name of the Father …
Good Day Everyone …
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 Course Title: Science Technology and Society

Date : September 15, 2022

Module 2

Content : Historical Antecedents of Science & Technology

 Upon successful completion of this module, the
student will be able to:
1. arrange the different developments of science and
technology in four periods and identify the highlights of
each period;
2. discuss the historical antecedents of science and
technology across time;
3. draw insights on how science and technology determine
the developments in society;
4. recognize the significant contributions and discoveries of
each period in the development of science and technology;
and
5. appreciate the inventions of Filipino Scientists and some
important Philippine innovations.
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
1) Pre-historic Period – Stone Age

Early humans lived in caves or simple huts or tepees and were hunters and gatherers. They used basic stone and bone tools, as well as crude stone axes, for hunting birds and wild animals.

They cooked their prey, including woolly mammoths, deer and bison, using controlled fire. They also fished and collected berries, fruit and nuts.
 Prehistoric Period
PREHISTORY:
DEFINITION: LONG TIME PERIOD BEFORE WRITING
WAS INVENTED

ARTIFACTS:
DEFINITION: ANYTHING MADE BY ANCIENT HUMAN
BEINGS SUCH AS TOOLS, POTTERY AND
WEAPONS

CULTURE:
DEFINITION: A SET OF BELIEFS, KNOWLEDGE, AND
PATTERNS OF LIVING THAT A GROUP OF
PEOPLE DEVELOPS (WAY OF LIFE)
 THE STONE AGE
STONE AGE:
DEFINITION: THE PERIOD OF PREHISTORY THAT
BEGINS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF
STONE TOOLS

THE STONE AGE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO ERAS

1) PALEOLITHIC AGE
2) NEOLITHIC AGE
 II. THE STONE AGE

(1) PALEOLITHIC AGE:

DEFINITION: THE OLD STONE AGE

PALEO- OLD
LITHIC- STONE AGE
-IT LASTED FROM ABOUT 2.5 MILLION TO 8000 BCE (BEFORE
COMMON ERA)
-ARRIVAL OF HOMINIDS ABOUT 1.6 MILLION YEARS AGO
DEFINITION: SPECIES OF CREATURES THAT WALK UPRIGHT
 THE STONE AGE
A) EARLY HUMANS
- DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY
DEFINITION: WAYS OF APPLYING KNOWLEDGE,
TOOLS AND INVENTIONS TO MEET THEIR NEEDS
-EARLY HOMINIDS DEVELOPED INTO HOMO SAPIENS
DEFINITION: SPECIES NAME FOR MODERN
HUMANS
-ABOUT 40,000 YEARS AGO, A NEW GROUP OF
PREHISTORIC HUMANS CALLED CRO-MAGNONS
APPEARED
-DEVELOPED MORE SPECIALIZED TOOLS AND SPOKEN LANGUAGE
APPEARED IN ORDER TO HUNT EASIER
-APPEARANCE OF CAVE DRAWINGS THAT DEPICTED THE EVENTS
OF PREHISTORIC LIFE
- THESE DRAWINGS HAVE HELPED ANTHROPOLOGISTS LEARN
MORE ABOUT PREHISTORIC LIFE
B) PREHISTORIC LIFE
-DURING THE PALEOLITHIC AGE, PREHISTORIC
PEOPLE WERE NOMADS
DEFINITION: PEOPLE THAT MOVED FROM
PLACE TO PLACE IN SEARCH OF BASIC SURVIVAL
NEEDS (FOOD, WATER, SHELTER)
- ALSO KNOWN AS HUNTERS-GATHERERS

- DURING THE PALEOLITHIC ERA, EARLY HUMANS

WOULD MIGRATE FROM AFRICA TO INDIA, CHINA,
SOUTHEAST ASIA AND EUROPE IN SEARCH OF
THEIR SURVIVAL NEEDS (MIGRATION)
 THE STONE AGE
(2) NEOLITHIC AGE
DEFINITION: THE NEW STONE AGE
NEO: NEW
LITHIC: STONE AGE
- IT BEGAN ABOUT 8000 BCE
- THE MOST SIGNIFICANT EVENT THAT TOOK PLACE
DURING THIS ERA WAS THE NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION
(1) NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION:
-CHANGE FROM BEING NOMADIC TO CREATING
PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS.
-BEGAN TO DEVELOP AGRICULTURE AND BEGAN TO
PRACTICE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS SUCH
AS CATTLE, GOATS, SHEEP AND PIGS FOR FOOD

(AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION)

AGRICULTURE – GROWING OF CROPS FOR

FOOD
DOMESTICATION- BREEDING OF ANIMALS FOR
FOOD
2) IMPACT OF THE NEOLITIC REVOLUTION:
- THE SHIFT FROM FOOD GATHERING TO FOOD
PRODUCTION WAS AN IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENT
IN THE EVOLUTION OF MAN.
(1) UNLIKE HUNTING AND GATHERING,
AGRICULTURE AND DOMESTICATION PROVIDED
A STEADY SOURCE OF FOOD.
(2) WITH A GREATER FOOD SUPPLY, POPULATION
BEGAN TO INCREASE AND SPECIALIZED ROLES
IN SOCIETY BEGAN TO APPEAR THAT WOULD
LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CIVILIZATIONS.
 ADVANCEMENTS DURING THE
NEOLITHIC AGE
(1) INVENTIONS
-TWO IMPORTANT INVENTIONS ENABLED
TRADERS TO MOVE MORE GOODS OVER
LONGER DISTANCES.

1) WHEEL
2) SAIL

-TO CULTIVATE MORE LAND AND PRODUCE

EXTRA CROPS FOR TRADING, ANCIENT
PEOPLE BEGAN TO BUILD ELABORATE
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS.
2) ROLES IN SOCIETY

-PEOPLE SETTLED IN VARIOUS ROLES, SOCIAL

CLASSES WITH VARYING WEALTH, POWER AND
INFLUENCE BEGAN TO EMERGE. THIS BECAME
KNOWN SPECIALIZATION.

DEFINITION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS

IN A SPECIFIC KIND OF WORK

- AS POPULATIONS GREW, THESE EARLY

SETTLEMENTS BEGAN TO EVOLVE INTO
POWERFUL CIVILIZATIONS.
3) Economic Changes
-As civilizations began to appear, they developed
traditional economy
Traditional Economy-
- Based on Agriculture and simple crafts
- Use of barter system (trade)
 Compare and Contrast Chart
Paleolithic Age ( Old Stone Age) Neolithic Age ( New Stone Age)

-Development -Advanced Stone

of Tools
Simple Stone Tools Technology
Nomads -Created
-Art Permanent
Hunting/Gathering -Early Religion
Caves Settlements
-Agriculture/
Domestication
-Huts

Similarities

Differences
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
1) Pre-historic Period – Stone Age

• People used stone for general purposes

• As spear, blade or knife and hoe

Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
1) Pre-historic Period – Stone Age
•Discovery of metals and minerals
and fire

•Gold, Silver and Copper are all

examples of Native metals that
naturally occur in a relatively pure
state. Ancient man first found and
began using Native Metals
approximately 5000 years BC.
Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
1) Pre-historic Period – Stone
Age
•Discovery of metals and
minerals and fire

•The controlled use of fire

was likely an invention of our
ancestor Homo erectus
during the Early Stone Age.
The earliest evidence of fire
associated with humans
comes from Oldowan hominid
sites in the Lake Turkana
region of Kenya.
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
1) Pre-historic Period – Stone Age
•Early cooking

•Developed agriculture
– planting or farming &
domesticated animals
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
2) Ancient Period

•Better ways of communication & transportation,

 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
2) Ancient Period
•Better ways of communication, transportation, self
organization and of living in general.
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
2) Ancient Period
•Potter’s wheel, Shaduf (irrigation),

•paper,
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
2) Ancient Period
•Antikythera mechanism (world’s analog computer orrery),

• Aeolipile or Hero’s engine (precursor of the steam engine)

 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
3) Middle Ages – Medieval Period or Dark Ages
Developed Heavy Plough (Agriculture),

the Chinese alchemists accidentally

invented the gunpowder (black powder),

and paper money,

 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
3) Middle Ages – Medieval Period or Dark Ages
mechanical clock

and the spinning wheel

(transform fiber to thread
or yarn then woven into cloth).
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
3) Modern Ages
Industrialization took place with greater risks in human health, food
safety, and environment which had to be addressed as scientific and
technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed.
Discovery of Compound Microscope (by Zacharias Janssen),
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
3) Modern Ages
Industrialization took place with greater risks in human health, food
safety, and environment which had to be addressed as scientific and
technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed.
Telescope (by Galileo Galilei for astronomy),
 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
3) Modern Ages
Industrialization took place with greater risks in human health, food
safety, and environment which had to be addressed as scientific and
technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed.

Jacquard Loom (for textile manufacturing),

 Historical Antecedent of Science and Technology
3) Modern Ages
Engine –Powered Airplane
(by Orville and Wilbur Wright),

Television (by John Logie Bair)

 Guide Questions

Name and discuss important inventions which you think

are milestones in the development of science and
technology.
How will you compare the products of science and
technology from the past to the present?
What are your realizations that struck you the most?
 In the name of the Father …
We thank you Lord
for the knowledge we learned today.
Please help us to become worthy students
and apply this knowledge
in our daily life activities.
Glory be to the Father …
In the name of the Father …
Goodbye and God bless Everyone!
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