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Parametric Statistics

The document discusses parametric statistics tests, which are used for normally distributed interval and ratio data. Parametric tests covered include t-tests, z-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression. Examples are provided for how to use a t-test for independent samples to test differences between two groups, including formulating hypotheses, calculating test statistics, and making conclusions. Practice examples are given to help understand applying a t-test for independent samples.

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Syron L. Carijutan
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63 views22 pages

Parametric Statistics

The document discusses parametric statistics tests, which are used for normally distributed interval and ratio data. Parametric tests covered include t-tests, z-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression. Examples are provided for how to use a t-test for independent samples to test differences between two groups, including formulating hypotheses, calculating test statistics, and making conclusions. Practice examples are given to help understand applying a t-test for independent samples.

Uploaded by

Syron L. Carijutan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PARAMETRIC

STATISTICS
Prepared by:
asterpueblosbajet
WHAT ARE THE PARAMETRIC
TESTS?
🠶The parametric tests are tests applied to data
that are normally distributed, the levels of
measurement of which are expressed in
interval and ratio.
The Parametric Tests are:
🠶t-test for Independent Samples
🠶t-test for Correlated Sample
🠶z-test for One Sample Group
🠶z-test for Two Sample Means
🠶F-test (ANOVA)
🠶r (Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation)
🠶y = a +bx (Simple Linear Regression Analysis)
🠶y = b0 + b1x 1 + b2x 2 + … + bnx n
(Multiple Regression Analysis)
WHEN DO WE USE PARAMETRIC
TESTS?
▪ the distribution is normal, that is when
skewness is equal to zero and kurtosis equals
0.265.

▪ the level of measurement to be analyzed are


expressed in interval and ratio data.
WHY DO WE USE PARAMETRIC
TESTS?
They are more powerful compared to the
nonparametric tests.

HOW DO WE USE PARAMETRIC TESTS?


▪First, determine whether the data are distributed
normally or abnormally by solving for the value
of skewness and kurtosis using the formula:
formula:
🠶  
HOW DO WE USE PARAMETRIC TESTS?

▪ Second, if the result of the skewness is equal to


zero and the kurtosis equals 0.265 then the
distribution is normal.

▪ Third, determine if the data are expressed in


interval and ratio data.

▪ Fourth, use the parametric tests


WHAT IS INTERVAL DATA?

🠶Interval data provide numbers that reflect


differences among items. With interval scales
the measurement units are equal.

Examples are scores of intelligence tests, and


time as reckoned from the calendar. They have
no true zero value.
WHAT IS RATIO DATA?
🠶The ratio data are the highest type of scale.
The basic difference between the interval and
the ratio scale is that the interval scale has no
true zero value while the ratio scale has an
absolute zero value.
Common ratio scales are measures of
length, width, capacity loudness and others.
t – tests for independent samples
What is the t-test for independent samples?

▪ The t-test is a test of difference between two


independent groups. The means are
compared x1 against x2.
When do we use the t-test for independent samples?

▪ When we compare the means of two independent


groups.
▪ When the data are normally distributed,
Sk = 0 and Ku = 0.265.
▪ When data are expressed in interval and ratio.
▪ When the sample is less than 30.
Why do we use the t-test for independent sample?

🠶Because it is a more powerful test


compared with other tests of difference
of two independent groups.
How do we use the t-test for independent
samples?
🠶  
How do you solve t-test for independent samples?

🠶  
🠶  
Time in seconds it took the
rats to fall asleep. 🠶Example 1. Two groups of
experimental rats were injected
1.0 mg dose 1.5 mg dose
9.8 12.0 with a tranquilizer at 1.0 mg. and
13.2 7.4 1.5 mg. dose respectively. The
11.2 9.8
9.5 11.5
time given in seconds that took
13.0 13.0 them to fall asleep is hereby given.
12.1 12.5
9.8 9.8
Use the t-test for independent
12.3 10.5 samples at α =.01. Test the null
7.9 13.5
10.2
hypothesis that the difference in
9.7 dosage has no effect on the length
of time it took them to fall asleep.
Solving by the Stepwise:
Step 1. Problem: Is there a significant difference brought about by
the dosages on the length of time it took for the rats to fall asleep?
Step 2. Hypotheses:
H0: There is no significant difference brought about
by the dosages on the length of time it look
for the rats to fall asleep.
H1: There is a significant difference brought about
by the dosages on the length of time it took
for the rats to fall asleep.
 
1.0 mg dose 1.5 mg dose 1.0 mg dose 1.5 mg dose

9.8 96.04 12.0 144.00


13.2 174.24 7.4 54.76 SS1 = 28.37 SS2 = 29.73

11.2 125.44 9.8 96.04 t = -0.40


9.5 90.25 11.5 132.25
13.0 169.00 13.0 169.00
12.1 146.41 12.5 156.25
9.8 96.04 9.8 96.04
12.3 151.29 10.5 110.25
7.9 62.41 13.5 182.25
10.2 104.04
9.7 94.09
Step 5: Decision. Since the t-computed value of -.40 is
not within the critical value of -2.88 at 0.01 level of
significance with 18 degrees of freedom, the null
hypothesis is confirmed.
Step 6: Conclusion. This means that no significant
difference was brought about by the dosages on the
length of time it took for the rats to fall asleep. Hence,
the difference in dosage has no effect on the length of
time it took them to fall asleep.
Example 2. The following are the scores in spelling of 10 male
and 10 female AB students. Formulate the hypothesis
Use the t-test at 0.05 level of significance.
14 12
18 9
17 11
Let this be your practice exercise. 16 5
Make sure that you will try this 4 10
before our meeting on Saturday. 14 3
12 7
10 2
9 6
17 13

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