MALIK SANDAL POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR

PROJECT TITLE:
“SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”
PRESENTED BY

NAMES Reg no:

1 SHALLI HUSSAIN 329CS16033

2 AFROZ ALAM 329CS17017
3 SADIYA BAGAYAT 329CS17028
4 TANAZ BAGWAN 329CS17035
GUIDE:
Mrs. Netravati Purohit
HoD
Department of Computer Science & Engineering.
Malik Sandal Polytechnic, Vijayapur
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.ABSTRACT
2.INTRODUCTION
3.SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
4.WORKING PRINCIPLE
5.ADVANTAGES
6.DISADVANTAGES
7.FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
8.CONCLUSION
9.REFERENCE
ABSTRACT
In the presented day scenario, many times we see that the garbage bins or
dust bin are placed at public places in the cities are overflowing due to
increase in the waste every day.
It creates unhygienic condition for the people and creates bad smell

around the surroundings this leads in spreading some deadly diseases

&human illness, to avoid such a situation we are planning to design “IoT
Based Waste Management for Smart Cities”.
In this proposed system there are multiple dustbins located throughout the

city or the campus, these dustbins are provided with low cost embedded
device which helps in tracking the level of the garbage bins and an unique
ID will be provided for every dustbin in the city so, that it is easy to
identify which garbage bin is full.
 page 1
INTRODUCTION
As a developing nation and as one of the most populous country in the world, we in
India face unique problems that require a unique solution for a problem like waste
management.
This project IOT Garbage Monitoring system is a very innovative technique which

will help us to keep the cities clean.

 This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage

collected in the garbage bins via a web page.

For this the system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over the bins to detect the garbage

level and compare it with the garbage bins depth.

The system makes use of Arduino Uno board, LCD screen, Wi-Fi modem for sending

data.
The system is powered by a 9V battery. The LCD screen is used to display the status of

the level of garbage collected in the bins.



 page 2
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
 Hardware Requirements:
 Arduino UNO board
 Wi-Fi Module ESP8266 Wi-Fi module
 LCD Display 16X2
 9V battery
 Ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04
 Breadboard
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Diodes
 Connecting wires

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Software Requirements:
 Ardino IDE
 Embedded C
 Thinkspeak IoT platform

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WORKING PRINCIPLE
 The sensor emits an ultrasound of 40,000Hz and travels in air when it hits an
obstacle it is detected by the receiver and time taken is taken as the base for
calculating the distance.
 The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Module has 4 pins, Ground, VCC, Trig and Echo.
The Ground and the VCC pins of the module needs to be connected to the
Ground and the 5 volts pins on the Arduino Board respectively and the trig
and echo pins to any Digital I/O pin on the Arduino Board.
 In order to generate the ultrasound we need to set the Trig on a High State
for 10 µs. That will send out an 8 cycle sonic burst which will travel at the
speed sound and it will be received in the Echo pin. The Echo pin will output
the time in microseconds the sound wave traveled.
 For example, if the object is 10 cm away from the sensor, and the speed of
the sound is 340 m/s or 0.034 cm/µs the sound wave will need to travel
about 294 u seconds. But what we will get from the Echo pin will be double
the number because the sound wave needs to travel forward. The working
principle of waste management is as shown in the fig 2.1.


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Fig 2.1 Working process of smart waste management

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 The list of components used and their working principles is as
follows:
 1. Arduino UNO
 Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.
 It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.
 It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller.
 Simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a
AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
 You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about
doing something wrong. orst case scenario you can replace the chip
for a few dollars and start over again.

 page 8
 platform, for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the Arduino
index of boards as shown in fig 2.2

Fig 2.2 Arduino UNO

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 2. ATMEGA 328
 The high-performance Microchip 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller
combines 32KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1KB
EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose
working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal
and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire
serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channels in
TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal
oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes.
 The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts.
 By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device
achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power
consumption and processing speed as shown in fig 2.3

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 Fig 2.3 ATMEGA 328

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3.HC-SR 04 UTRASONIC SENSOR
 The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine distance to an object like

bats do.
 It offers excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and stable

readings in an easy-to-use package From 2cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet.

 Its operation is not affected by sunlight or black material like sharp rangefinders

are (although acoustically soft materials like cloth can be difficult to detect).
 It comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver module as shown in

fig 2.3

 Features
 Power Supply :+5V DC
 Quiescent Current : <2mA
 Working Current: 15mA
 Effectual Angle: <15°
 Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1″ – 13ft
 Resolution : 0.3 cm
 Measuring Angle: 30 deg

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Fig 2.4 HC-SR 04 UTRASONIC SENSOR

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 4. ESP8288 WIFI Modem
 The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated
TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your Wi-
Fi network.
 The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all
Wi-Fi networking functions from another application processor.
 Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT command set
firmware.
 The ESP8266 module is an extremely cost effective board with a huge, and
ever growing, community.
 This module has a powerful enough on-board processing and storage
capability that allows it to be integrated with the sensors and other
application specific devices through its GPIOs with minimal development
up-front and minimal loading during runtime
 Page 13
 There is an almost limitless fountain of information available for the
ESP8266, all of which has been provided by amazing community support.
 Note: The ESP8266 Module is not capable of 5-3V logic shifting and will
require an external Logic Level Converter. Please do not power it directly
from your 5V dev board as shown in fig 2.4
 Features:
 802.11 b/g/n
 Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP
 Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
 Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network
 Integrated PLLs, regulators, DCXO and power management units


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  Fig 2.4 ESP8288 WIFI Modem


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 5. Volt Battery
 The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that
was introduced for the early transistor radios.
 It has a rectangular prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap
connector at the top.
 This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke detectors
as shown in fig 2.5
 Mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common, have not been
manufactured in many years due to their mercury content.
 Designations for this format include NEDA 1604 and IEC 6F22 (for zinc-
carbon) or MN1604 6LR61 (for alkaline).
 page 16
 Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual
1.5 V LR61 cells enclosed in a wrapper. These cells are slightly
smaller than LR8D425 AAAA cells and can be used in their place
for some devices, even though they are 3.5 

 Fig 2.5 Volt Battery

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 6. LCD SCREEN 16X2
 The Liquid Crystal library allows you to control LCD displays that are
compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver.
 There are many of them out there, and you can usually tell them by the 16-pin
interface.
 The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the microcontroller has to
manipulate several interface pins at once to control the display. The interface
consists of the following pins: as shown in fig 2.6

 Fig 2.6 LCD SCREEN 16X2

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ADVANTAGES
 We can save time and money by using smart waste collection bins and systems
equipped with fill level sensors. As smart transport vehicle go only to filled
containers or bins. It reduces infrastructure, operating and maintenance costs by
upto 30%.
 It decreases traffic flow and consecutively noise due to less air pollution as
result of less waste collection vehicles on roads. This has become possible due
to two way communication between smart dustbins and service operators.
 It keeps our surroundings clean and green and free from bad odour of wastes,
emphasizes on healthy environment and keeps cities more beautiful.
 Applying smart waste management process to the city optimizes management,
resources and cost which makes it a “smart city”.
 It further reduces manpower requirements to handle the garbage collection
process.


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DISADVANTAGES
 System requires more number of waste bins for separate waste collection
as per population in the city.
 Wireless technologies used in the system such as zigbee and WIFI have
shorter range and lower data speed.
 It reduces man power requirements which results into increase in
unemployment for unskilled people.
 The training has to be provided to the people involved in the smart waste
management system.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMET
 The authors are continously working to upgrade the smart dustbin as to
address a wide number of current shortcomings.
 The problems of foul odour and manual controlled mobility calls for the future
scope which includes the odour control mechanism to get rid of foul smell of
organic garbage, and also realising the requirment of an autonomous dustin,
 GSM module can be implemented for path planning combined with ultrasonic
sensor for obstacle avoidance.

 page 21
CONCLUSION
A practical system for monitoring the level of garbage is
being presented in this paper.
 This project can be implemented in real time waste

management system by using sensors to check the level of

garbage in dustbin.
 In this system, the information of the dustbin can be

accessed from anywhere and anytime.

By implementing this proposed system, it will reduce cost,

man power, and indirectly reducing traffic in that place.

We recommend this system to be used in real time waste

management to keep our cities clean.
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REFERENCES
1. https//:www.researchgate.net
2. https//:www.wikipedia.org
3. https//:www.schematics.com
4. https//:www.thingspeak.com
5. https//:www.youtube.com

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