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UNIT 1 – SELECTION OF HEALTHY CHICKENS AND HOUSING

 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT BREEDS OF CHICKEN?

ANS. –

Native Breeds Foreign Breeds

Paroakan Sasso
Darag Chinese chicken
Banaba Kabir
Labuyo Rhode Island
Joloanon / Asil White Leg Horn
 NATIVE CHICKEN

Paroakan Darag

Banaba
 Joloanon

Asil/ Aseel

Labuyo
 FOREIGN CHICKEN

Sasso
Chiness Chicken
Rhode Island White Leghorn Chicken
Kabir
 WHAT ARE THE FOUR STAGES IN GROWING CHICKEN AND THE DURATION per
STAGE?

 Ans –
Incubation - 21 days
Brooding – 21 days
Hardening – 10 days
Ranging and Laying – until slaughter
(min of 70 days for broilers )
(Until productive for layers)
Perform pre and post-laying activities
Reproductive Tract of a Hen

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 WHY IS LIGHTING MANAGEMENT NECESSARY TO LAYERS?

 Ans –
- Affect egg production
- Increased light in chicken house stimulates the chicken layers to mature thus
produce more eggs
- Decreased light retards the birds and minimizes egg production
 Perform pre and post-laying activities

Egg Incubation

Incubation refers to the process by which certain oviparous

(egg-laying) animals hatch their eggs; it also refers to the
development of the embryo within the egg. ... Especially in
poultry, the act of sitting on eggs to incubate them is called
brooding.
 Perform pre and post-laying activities
Type of Incubation

Natural Incubation Artificial Incubation

 A native chicken have the  (37.5C or 99.5F & 50-60% RH
attitude to incubate their eggs by during 18 days & increase to 70-
themselves. 80% RH)
 Approximately 10-12 eggs can  Source of Heat: electricity or
be accommodated per hen. kerosene
 Ratio: 1 hen: 2 nests
The Egg Stage

 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING INCUBATOR OVER NATURAL

INCUBATION?
Ans – 1. Uniformity of sizes of chicks
2. Many cross breed chickens do not brrod
3. Maximizes productivity of egg laying hens
 Perform pre and post-laying activities

Selection of Hatching Eggs

 Avoid excessively large or small eggs. Large eggs hatch poorly and
small eggs produce small chicks.
 Avoid eggs with cracked or thin shells. These eggs have difficulty
retaining moisture needed for proper chick development. Penetration of
disease organisms increase in cracked eggs.
 Do not incubate eggs that are excessively misshapen.
 Keep only clean eggs for hatching. Do not wash dirty eggs or wipe eggs
clean with a damp cloth. This removes the egg's protective coating and
exposes it to entry of disease organisms. The washing and rubbing action
also serves to force disease organisms through the pores of the shell.
 Perform pre and post-laying activities

Egg Care and Storage

 Collect eggs at least three times daily. When daily high temperatures
exceed 85 degrees F. increase egg collection to five times daily.
Collect two or three times in the morning and one or two times in
the afternoon.
 Slightly soiled eggs can be used for hatching purposes without
causing hatching problems, but dirty eggs should not be saved. Do
not wash dirty eggs.
 Store eggs in a cool-humid storage area. Ideal storage conditions
include a 55 degree F. temperature and 75% relative humidity. Store
the eggs with the small end pointed downward.
 Perform pre and post-laying activities

Egg Care and Storage

 Alter egg position periodically if not incubating within 4-6 days. Turn
the eggs to a new position once daily until placing in the incubator.
 Hatchability holds reasonably well up to seven days, but declines
rapidly afterward. Therefore, do not store eggs more than 7 days
before incubating. After 3 weeks of storage, hatchability drops to
almost zero.
 Allow cool eggs to warm slowly to room temperature before placing
in the incubator. Abrupt warming from 55 degrees to 100 degrees
causes moisture condensation on the egg shell that leads to disease
and reduced hatches.
 Perform pre and post-laying activities

Table Egg Specification

Based on PNS – BAFPS 35-2005
Perform pre and post-laying activities
Egg Candling

 Eggs are candled to determine the condition of the air cell, yolk, and
white. Candling detects bloody whites, blood spots, or meat spots, and
enables observation of germ development.
 Candling is done in a darkened room with the egg held before a light.
The light penetrates the egg and makes it possible to observe the
inside of the egg.
 25 watts bulb or candle can be used in candling eggs.
 1st candling is done 7 days after the eggs are incubated
 2nd candling is done 14 days after the eggs are incubated
Perform pre and post-laying activities
Egg Candling
Perform pre and post-laying activities
Egg Candling

Fertilized Egg Unfertilized Egg

Perform pre and post-laying activities
Factors affecting egg’s fertility

Most of the time, an egg’s fertility is 55 to 95% based on a number of

factors:
 The condition and age of the hen and rooster
 The rooster to hen ratio (best is 1 rooster for every 5-10 hens)
 The season, diet and environment
 The breed of chicken
 Breeding system
Brooding Stage

 WHAT ARE THE FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL BROODING?

Ans. 1. Temperature
2. Space requirement
3. Feeding and watering
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

ADVANTAGES OF ARTIFICIAL BROODING

1. Chicks may be reared at any time of the seasons
2. Thousands of chicks may be brooded by a single person.
3. Sanitary condition may be controlled.
4. The temperature may be regulated.
5. Feeding may be undertaken according to plan.
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BROODING – is defined as the management of chicks from one day old to

about 8 weeks of age, and it involves the provision of heat and other
necessary care during chicks’ early growing period.
General systems of brooding
1. Natural Brooding - is used on farms where only a few chickens are
raised each year. Depending on her size, a hen will brood 15-20
chickens. The broody hen will provide all the warmth required by the
chicks. Before placing the chicks with the hen she would be examined
for her good health and free from lice, tick and other ectoparasites.
2. Artificial Brooding - can be defined as the handling of newly born
chicks without the aid of hens. It is accomplished by means of a
temperature-controlled brooder (foster mother).
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

1. Sufficient Heat
- Provide sufficient artificial heat to keep chicks comfortably warm
during the day or night. Avoid abrupt changes in brooder temperature
during the first-two weeks of life.

Age of Chicks Brooding Temperature

(weeks) (C)
0-1 32.2 – 35
1-2 29.4 – 32.2
2-4 26.7 – 29.4
Above 4 weeks Remove the supply of heat
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

 The behavior of the day-old chicks in the brooder can be used as

guideline for the correct brooding temperature. When the temperature is
hot, the chicks will pant, spread out their wings, eat less and remain
inactive, move away from the source of heat and stay close to the edges of
the brooder.
 When temperature is low, the chicks will crowd under the heater, pile up
and make known their comfort loud chirping.
Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

2. Adequate Light and Ventilation

 A well lighted brooder attracts and encourages the chicks to start feeding.
 Provide sufficient ventilation to supply plenty of oxygen and facilitate the
removal of carbon dioxide and excess moisture. When there is not enough
ventilation, the chicks will not only be weak and in poor condition will also be
more predisposed to respiratory diseases.
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

3. Ample Space to avoid overcrowding

 Provide the brooder with enough space to avoid overcrowding which leads to
poorly developed chicks, high mortality as well as harmful vices like toe
picking, feather picking or cannibalism.

4. Healthy Stocks
 Select only healthy chicks, which can be easily recognized by their dry, fluffy
feathers, bright eyes and alert active appearance. Avoid chicks with wet vents
and dull eyes.
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

5. Correct Feeding
 Provide the chicks with good quality feeds either home grown or
commercially sourced.
 Feed the chicks intermittently rather than continuously. Research studies have
shown that when using intermittent feeding chicks utilize nutrients better.
 Do not allow feed troughs to go empty longer than one to two hours.
6. Proper Sanitation
 Cleanliness and dryness of the brooding quarters will prevent contamination
of the chicks from parasites and diseases which may be carried by previous
brooded chicks.
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

7. Regularity of Care and Management

 Environment should be kept as uniform as possible. Sudden changes in
surroundings cause a certain degree of stress or insecurity such examples are
removal of brooder canopy and slamming doors of brooder houses or the
presence of drafts.
 It is advisable that a regular caretaker feed the chickens following a definite
schedule during the first 3 weeks of the chick’s life.
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

7. Environment Control
 Optimum house temperature for laying birds is between 18ºC-29ºC. Within
this range, maintain a uniform house temperature when possible. Flock health
and performance are highly dependent on temperature control and good
ventilation. Fans may aid in keeping the birds more comfortable during hot
summer months. In environmentally-controlled houses be sure to provide for
adequate air movement especially during hot weather. Evaporative cooling
may be used to lower the house temperature.
 Make sure that feeds and fresh water are always available. Concoctions and
organic supplements may be added to the drinking water during the first few
days.
 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR BROODING DAY-OLD CHICKS

7. Environment Control
 After 7 to 10 days the brooder floor bedding can be removed.
 More feeders and waterer should be made available as the chicks grow.
 All weak, deformed and sickly chicks should be culled right away and
properly disposed of.
 Immediately burn or bury dead birds as part of a good sanitation program.
Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

Typical Setup of Artificial Brooding

 Demonstrate correct brooding of chicks

Temperature and Space: Floor Space, Feeder Space, Water

Space Requirement
Age wks Floor Space Feeder Space Water Space
(sq.ft/bird) (inches/bird) (inches/bird)
1 0.3 1 0.5
2-3 0.5 1.5 0.75
3-5 0.75 2 0.75
5-8 1 2 1
Above 8 2 3 1.5
Select healthy chick considered as a good stock for raising
organic chicken and identify sick and undesirable stocks.
HARDENING STAGE (after Brooding)

 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF HARDENING STAGE?

 Ans. –Usually takes 7 – 10 days

Make the chicks feel a slightly harsh environment
Rapid change of environment will result to a lot of mortality
Covered / shaded area where the chicks can freely roam around without too
much exposure to sun and rain
 Select healthy chick considered as a good stock for raising
organic chicken and identify sick and undesirable stocks.

A 3 fingers’ width x 4 fingers’

width indicates excellent
abdominal capacity.

Characteristics of Good
Chicken
A 1 fingers’ width x 2 fingers’
width indicates poor
abdominal capacity.
 Select healthy chick considered as a good stock for raising
organic chicken and identify sick and undesirable stocks.

Characteristics of Good Chicken

Feathering
• The birds should be fully feathered with the plumage in good condition.

Feet and Toes

• The bird should be well balanced on its legs. The feet and toes should be
normal.

Sexual Maturity
• The comb, wattles, and earlobes should be well-developed. Hens should be in
egg production.
Select healthy chick considered as a good stock for raising
organic chicken and identify sick and undesirable stocks.

Defective and Disqualification

 Select healthy chick considered as a good stock for raising
organic chicken and identify sick and desirable stocks.

Feather Sexing
Male Chick
 Select healthy chick considered as a good stock for raising
organic chicken and identify sick and desirable stocks.

Feather Sexing
Female Chick
Implement the Philippine National Standards (PNS) for
organic livestock in the farm
UNIT 2 – SET UP CHICKEN HOUSE & ITS EQUIPMENT
 Apply appropriate space requirements and determine
chicken house suitable for growing organic chicken

A comfortable and growth specific housing area is essential for achieving optimum
growth/body weight gain in organic chicken farming.
Following are the parameters to be taken care of for better housing and
management:
SELECTION OF SITE:
 Sufficient area of land
 Good water supply
 Preferably higher land to avoid water logging
 Considerably far from housing estates and human activities
 Good road connection for easy transportations
 Electricity
 Market access for procurement of inputs and selling of farm produces.
 Grassy for forage purposes
 Apply appropriate space requirements and determine
chicken house suitable for growing organic chicken

HOUSING DESIGN
1. Good ventilation
2. Space requirement 1 sq. ft/bird in deep litter system.
3. Lengthwise direction – east to west.
 Apply appropriate space requirements and determine
chicken house suitable for growing organic chicken

HOUSING SYSTEM:

Management – is the vital part of the organic chicken production to

achieve desired production.
 Apply appropriate space requirements and determine
chicken house suitable for growing organic chicken

Weeks Space Needed

0-4 0.3-0.5 sq.ft/bird
4-8 1 sq.ft/bird
8-12 2 sq.ft/bird
12-older 2.5 – 3 sq.ft/bird – light weight breeds
3 – 3.5 sq.ft/bird – heavy weight breeds
 Apply appropriate space requirements and determine
chicken house suitable for growing organic chicken

RANGING AREA (For Free range chicken)

Minimum 1 sq. mtrs per bird (bigger is better)
Fence with net or other fencing materials
Easy Water source distribution
Easy access for caretaker
Not treated with chemical fertilizers or any harmful chemical agents
Apply appropriate space requirements and determine
chicken house suitable for growing organic chicken
 Enumerate common facilities found in the chicken pen and
identify basic materials for chicken beddings

BROODING FACILITY
At first 21 days of the birds’ life, they need brooding or artificial heating for
the development of their body to be ready for free-ranging life. There are
different types of brooding facilities that can be use to provide artificial
heating for the young chicks.
1) Gas brooder = 1 for every 500 chicks; or
2) Improvised Charcoal brooder = 1 can for every 100 chicks; or
3) Incandescent bulb brooder = 1 set of 100watts for every 100 chicks
 Enumerate common facilities found in the chicken pen and
identify basic materials for chicken beddings

FEEDING MATERIALS
The chickens must be fed daily with a program or time schedule. Among feeding
materials that necessary for free-range chicken farming are the following:
1) FOR DAY OLD TO 21 DAYS OLD (BROODING STAGE)
• Chick Feeder Troughs (1-meter) = 1 for every 25 chicks; or
• Chick Feeder Plate (32 cm diameter) = 1 for every 25 chicks
2) FOR RANGING STAGE TO HARVEST (22 DAYS ONWARDS)
• Bucket Feeder (8 kg capacity) = 1 for every 20 chickens
• Plastic drum container = 50 kilos capacity for feeds storage
 Enumerate common facilities found in the chicken pen and
identify basic materials for chicken beddings

WATERER/DRINKING MATERIALS
Free-range chickens are also given drinking water, without water they may suffer
dehydration. Among drinking materials necessary to use are the following:
1) FOR DAY OLD TO 21 DAYS OLD (BROODING STAGE)
• ½ Gallon container (2 liters) = 1 unit for 10 birds
2) FOR RANGING STAGE TO HARVEST (22 DAYS ONWARDS)
• 1 Gallon container (4 liters) = 1 unit for every 10 chickens
• Basin w/ plastic guard – 1 set for every 15-20 chickens
• Water drum (200 liters capacity) or Water line for distribution
 Enumerate common facilities found in the chicken pen and
identify basic materials for chicken beddings

CLEANING & DISINFECTION MATERIALS

Cleaning and disinfection of every area is important to maintain the bio-
security of the farm.
 Foot-bath – at least 4 inches deep to properly soak foot ware for
disinfection
 Cleaning materials – Broom, Dust fan, Web broom, Pale, Brush
 Detergents & Disinfecting agents (ex. Powder soap & Chlorine)
 Enumerate common facilities found in the chicken pen and
identify basic materials for chicken beddings

BEDDING/LITTER
Beddings or litters are use inside the chicken house especially at brooding
stage to control and balance the chicken manure formation. Be sure to have
fresh and clean bedding/litter at all times. Bedding/Litter should also be
disinfected prior to loading of your free-range chicken. Among litters that
can be use are:
1) Rice hull (preferably carbonized)
2) Rice Straw
3) Sawdust
UNIT 3 - Feeding Chickens

 WHAT ARE THE THREE (3) FORMS OR FEED?

 Ans –
1. Mash – brooding
2. Crumble – Hardening
3. Pellets – Ranging to laying
 Major Components in Animal Feed and Their Sources

Carbohydrates Corn (whole / cracked / grits), Corn bran, Rice bran, other
grains (sorghum), etc.
Protein Animal and plant sources :
Fresh (madre de agua, ipil-ipil, rensonii, azolla, duck weed,
etc.)
Processed (Fish meal, soy meal, milled mung beans, copra
meal, etc).
Fats / Lipids Copra meal, FAA, shredded coconut meat, etc.
Vitamins Natural sources - FFJ, FPJ, FAA
Minerals Salt, CRH, eggshells, shells.
 Identify common elements in the feed formulation

Sorghum An excellent source of energy but contains only about 9%

protein.
Rice Bran Is also high in fiber but high in energy; it may contain 12% oil
and 13% protein. Used in layer and broiler grower diets.
Broken rice High in energy but low in protein
Corn Most common grain used in poultry feeding.
Fish meal This is made from fish waste. Protein is only 45% but is of good
quality. It also provides valuable oil, minerals and vitamins.
 Identify common elements in the feed formulation

Copra Meal Contains 20-22% protein of moderate quality. It has 7% oil

and is high in fiber but has no starch. It contains no starch but
contains mannans which can cause high viscosity in the gut
of chickens and can reduce the digestibility of some dietary
nutrients.
Mungo Substitute for soyameal. This contain around 24% protein.
Analysis of the seeds show that they have a carbohydrate
content in excess of 45%. Source of calcium and iron. Source
of Vitamin A and good source of Vitamin B.
Bamboo leaves the fiber in the bamboo leaves enlarges the digestive tract
and enables the chickens to consume more and to grow
faster. Bamboo leaves have 17.9% Crude Protein levels and a
Metabolizable Energy of 2.13 Mcal per Kg.
 Identify common elements in the feed formulation

 The feed formulation for free-range chicken requires at least 70% cereals,
26% protein nutrient from plant base, and 4% vitamins and minerals.
 Supplement it with more grass and natural feeds from the ranging area.
 Identify common elements in the feed formulation
Crude Protein Value of Various Feed Materials
Feed Materials %Crude Protein
Cassava Meal 2%
Copra Meal 20.4%
Yellow Corn 8.8%
Corn Bran 8.8%
Fish Meal 55%
Ipil-Ipil leaf meal 24.6%
Molasses 3%
Rice Bran (Tiki-Tiki) 13.5%
Soybean Meal 45%
 Identify common elements in the feed formulation
Crude Protein Value of Various Feed Materials

Feed Materials %Crude Protein

Concoction (FPJ, FFJ, FAA) 25%
Madre de Agua 32%
Mungo 24%
Bamboo Leaves 17.9%
 Feeds Formulation using Pearson Square Method

1. Identify the feed material and the CP Value of each feed materials

Ingredient No. of Kgs Crude Protein

%
Copra meal 18 20.4
Corn bran 45 8.8
Fish meal , local 6 55
Rice bran D1 24 13.5
Madre de Agua 3 32
FPJ/FFJ/FAA 3 25
 Feeds Formulation using Pearson Square Method

2. Choose your own Mix Ration to make it 100%, then multiply the Mix Ration
with the Crude Protein Value to get the CP result.
Mix Ration Supplement Mix
    CP value Total CP
60 Copra Meal 20.4 12.24
20 Fish Meal 55 11
10 Concoction 25 2.5
10 Madre de Agua 32 3.2
100 SM CP 28.9
Mix Ration Grain Mix
65 Corn Bran 8.8 5.72
35 Rice Bran 13.49 4.7215
100 GM CP 10.4
 Feeds Formulation using Pearson Square Method

3. Make a Pearson square to calculate the crude protein weight basis by

subtracting it e.g 28.9 – 16 = Abs 12.9; 10.4 – 16 = Abs 5.6. Note: If negative
result in subtracting, always make it absolute value.

SM SM
28.9 5.6

16
10.4 12.9

GM GM
 Feeds Formulation using Pearson Square Method

4. After getting the crude protein value, make a feed formulation in 100 kg
combining all the feed materials.
Mix Feed   CP value in   Equation  
Ration Materials the Pearson
Square
A     B C = A% x B   D
60 Copra Meal SM 5.6 3.36 18

20 Fish Meal SM 5.6 1.12 6

10 Concoction SM 5.6 0.56 3

10 Madre de SM 5.6 0.56 3

Agua

   
65 Corn Bran GM 12.9 8.385 45

35 Rice Bran GM 12.9 4.515 24

   
  18.5   100
 Feeds Formulation using Pearson Square Method

5. Check the Weight Value if it is corresponding to the crude protein required

per growth stages of the pig; e.g in this example the Total CP of the following
Feed Materials in terms of the number of kgs are equal to 16 which in
recommended for grower.
Ingredient No. of Kgs Crude Total CP
Protein %

Copra meal 18 0.204 3.67

Corn bran 45 0.088 3.96
Fish meal , local 6 0.55 3.30
Rice bran D1 24 0.1349 3.24
Madre de Agua 3 0.32 0.96
FPJ/FFJ/FAA 3 0.25 0.75
Total 100 15.87 = 16
 Differentiate the feeding requirements of a brooding chicks
and a growing chicken
Days of Kind of Feeds Feed Volume per Time Feed volume
Culture day per chick per week per
chick
5.57 gms 7 am
1-7 days Pre-starter 78 gms
5.57 gms 4 pm
8.35 gms 7 am
8-14 days Starter 117 gms
8.35 gms 4 pm
12.57 gms 7 am
15-21 days Starter 176 gms
12.57 gms 4 pm
18.85 gms 7 am
22-28 days Starter 264 gms
18.85 gms 4 pm
 Differentiate the feeding requirements of a brooding chicks
and a growing chicken
Days of Kind of Feeds Feed Volume per Time Feed volume
Culture day per chick per week per
chick
28.28 gms 7 am
29-35 days Grower Mash 396 gms
28.28 gms 4 pm
35.35 gms 7 am
36-42 days Grower Mash 495 gms
35.35 gms 4 pm
38.85 gms 7 am
43-49 days Grower/Finisher Mash 544 gms
38.85 gms 4 pm
42.85 gms 7 am
50-56 days Finisher Mash 600 gms
42.85 gms 4 pm

Note:
• Add grasses and plant leaves with the feeds to cut cost and to make the meat tastier.
• Add concoction in the birds’ drinking water to enhance growth.
• The FCR (Feed Conversion Ration) is the amount of feeds given to the animal to produce a kilo of meat. The lower is
the FCR, the better for the farmer’s income.
Differentiate the feeding requirements of a brooding chicks
and a growing chicken
 Schedule and apply effective nutritional requirements for
poultry on various physiological stages

Guideline Value for Meat-Type Chicken

Energy Crude Protein Total Lysine Total
(MJ/kg) (%) (%) Methionine &
Cystiene
(%)

Starter 12.65 22-25 1.43 1.07

Grower 13.20 21-23 1.24 0.95
Finisher 13.40 19-23 1.09 0.86
 Schedule and apply effective nutritional requirements for
poultry on various physiological stages

Guideline Value for Layer Chicken

Energy Crude Protein Total Lysine Total
(MJ/kg) (%) (%) Methionine &
Cystiene
(%)

Starter 11.5-12.4 20.00 1.10 0.82

(0-6 wks)

Grower 11.5-12.6 17.50 0.90 0.71

(6-12 wks)
Developer 11.3-12.4 15.50 0.66 0.58
(12-15 wks)
Pre-Layer 11.4-12.4 16.50 0.80 0.65
(15 wks – Prod)
 Schedule and apply effective nutritional requirements for
poultry on various physiological stages

Pre-Starter Feed Formulation – Days-old to 21 days old

Feed Materials Qty

Rice Bran (D1) 22.5 kg
Corn Bran 22.5 kg
Copra Meal 8 kg
Fish Meal 40 kg
FAA/FPJ/FFJ 2 liters
Carbonized Rice Hull 3 kg
Sea Salt 2 kg
IMO 400 mL
Water (non-chlorinated) 20 liter
 Schedule and apply effective nutritional requirements for
poultry on various physiological stages

Starter Feed Formulation – 22 to 30 days old

Feed Materials Qty

Rice Bran (D1) 25 kg
Corn Bran 25 kg
Copra Meal 8 kg
Fish Meal 35 kg
FAA/FPJ/FPJ 2 liters
Carbonized Rice Hull 3 kg
Sea Salt 2 kg
IMO 400 mL
Water (non-chlorinated) 20 liter
 Schedule and apply effective nutritional requirements for
poultry on various physiological stages

Finisher Feed Formulation – 31 to 90 days old

Feed Materials Qty

Rice Bran (D1) 30 kg
Corn Bran 30 kg
Copra Meal 8 kg
Fish Meal 25 kg
FAA/FPJ/FFJ 2 liters
Carbonized Rice Hull 3 kg
Sea Salt 2 kg
IMO 400 mL
Water (non-chlorinated) 20 liter
UNIT 4 - Grow and Harvest Chicken
Apply appropriate preventive measure to protect stocks
from diseases
 Apply appropriate preventive measure to protect stocks
from diseases

• Whenever possible, place the farm on an “all in/all out” placement

cycle.
• Downtime between flocks will reduce contamination of the farm.
Downtime is defined as the time between completion of the cleaning
disinfection process and placing the next flock. Decisions on length of
downtime is an economic one but the longer downtime between
flocks is the lower the risks of disease transmission between flocks
will be.
• Do not leave equipment, building materials or litter lying around. This
will reduce cover for rodents and wild animals.
 Apply appropriate preventive measure to protect stocks
from diseases

• Clean-up feed spills as soon as they occur.

• Store litter material in bags or inside a storage building or bin.
• Keep wild birds out of all buildings by ensuring it is adequately sealed
against wild bird access. Any holes or gaps should be covered.
• Maintain an effective rodent/vermin control program this should
include mechanical, biological, and chemical controls. Baiting
programs are most effective when followed continuously.
Disease Control & Management

IN CASE OF CHICKENS HAVING COLDS, WHAT NATURAL REMEDY CAN WE GIVE TO

THEM?

Ans –
Separate the chicks / chickens with colds
Prepare Herbal Ingredients (Boil for 5 min & let cool)
½ cup fresh oregano leaves
½ cup fresh lagundi leaves
½ cup fresh bamboo leaves
½ cup hot chili
2 cups water
 Apply appropriate preventive measure to protect stocks
from diseases

HERBAL MEDICINE TO PREVENT DISEASES

• Chili – use as antibacterial/antiviral

• Oregano – use for respiratory problems
• Garlic – as natural antibiotic
• Ginger – as natural antibiotic
• Guava – leaves are use as antibacterial
• Ipil-Ipil – leaves are use as de-wormer/anti parasitic
• Lemon Grass – as juice for detoxification
 IN CASE OF DISEASE OUTBREAK, WHAT STEPS SHOULD BE TAKEN ?

 Ans –
1. Implement BIOSECURITY measures in the farm
2. Isolate or quarantine the affected chickens
3. Give natural remedies and other medication program
4. Consult a veterinarian and treat with natural inputs
 Maintain cleanliness and orderliness of an organic poultry
farm.

Biosecurity Measures
Biosecurity – is a practice designed to prevent the spread of disease
onto the farm.

3 Major Components:
1. Isolation
2. Traffic Control
3. Sanitation
 Maintain cleanliness and orderliness of an organic poultry
farm.

Biosecurity Measures
1. Fencing
2. Keep visitors to a minimum
3. Limit visitations to other poultry farms
4. Keep all animals and wild birds out of poultry houses
5. Practice sound rodent and pest control programs
6. Inspect flocks daily and recognize disease symptoms
7. Good ventilation and relatively dry litter
8. Keep areas around houses and feed bins clean
9. No exchange of feed and equipment's
10. Disinfection and sanitation of poultry house & equipment's.
 IN CASE OF “CANNIBALISM” IN YOUR STOCKS, WHAT NECESSARY STEPS
SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PREVENT MORE CASUALTIES?

 ANS –
- Identify the cause
- Review the feeding program (maybe too few feeds are being fed)
- Provide right quantity of feed
- Debeaking
Maintain cleanliness and orderliness of an organic poultry
farm.

Biosecurity Measures
Maintain cleanliness and orderliness of an organic poultry
farm.
 Identify the age of an organic chicken ready for harvest

Stages of Development of a Chicken

• Mature hens, called breeders, lay eggs.

• Eggs will hatch from 18-21 days
• Chicks go through brooding stage from the first week to the 20th day.
• From 21-45 days, chicks go through the “hardening” stage. During
hardening, chicks are prepared for the rugged conditions of the
environment, thus improving the livability of chicks.
• “Hardened” chicks are then left to grow in the field.
• At age 75-120 days, the chickens are mature and ready for slaughter.
Identify the age of an organic chicken ready for harvest
Identify the age of an organic chicken ready for harvest
 What is meant by CULLING?

 Ans –
Removal of unprofitable and non productive chickens from the flock

Removal of undesirables – those that are sick, non-laying and poor producer
 HOW WOULD YOU IMPLEMENT A WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN THE
CHICKEN FARM?

 ANS –
- Identify and segregate the waste depending on the category :
biodegradable, non-biodegradable, recyclable, bio-hazard, etc.

-
 Accomplish appropriate records and maintain record book

Farm Record Keeping

 Record keeping is an essential tool to any business or activity. In the
present day farm operations are becoming more and more business
oriented, but remember being a good producer is no longer enough to
remain in business.
 The key to becoming a successful farmer today is being a producer as well
as good financial manager. Its also an essential for a farm manager to
keep good, accurate records and establish a sound record keeping system.
 Record keeping plays an important and major role in any business
regardless of the size, nature or type of business, thus a good entrepreneur
must be a good record keeper.
 Accomplish appropriate records and maintain record book

Benefits/Importance of Keeping Farm Records

 It help the farmer or manager in planning improvement for the

business and making proper management decisions.
 It helps in planning and implementing farm business arrangements.
 Helps to determine what the efficiency are, measure progress of the
business and plan for the future.
 It helps in accessing credits such as loans, farm implements or inputs.
 Accomplish appropriate records and maintain record book

Benefits/Importance of Keeping Farm Records

 It acts as future reference such that in case of misfortunes any

predecessor can take over without any difficulties.
 Farm records assist farmers in keeping a track of both performing
and non-performing farming ventures.
 Helps the farmer in making productivity projections for the venture.
Never under estimate your business whether its small or big
records are very important.
 Accomplish appropriate records and maintain record book

Farm Record for Organic Chicken Production

1. Flock (or Mortality) Record

2. Feed consumption record
3. Egg collection Record
4. Genetic Record
5. Organic Inputs (e.g concoctions)
Identify the age of an organic chicken ready for harvest