Scribd
Upload
43 views12 pages

StewartCalcET7e 01 04

Uploaded by

Emporio Bck
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views12 pages

StewartCalcET7e 01 04

Uploaded by

Emporio Bck
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

1 Functions and Models

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


Graphing Calculators and
1.4 Computers

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


Graphing Calculators and Computers
Graphing calculators and computers can give very accurate
graphs of functions.

A graphing calculator or computer displays a rectangular


portion of the graph of a function in a display window or
viewing screen, which we refer to as a viewing
rectangle.

The default screen often gives an incomplete or misleading


picture, so it is important to choose the viewing rectangle
with care.

3
Graphing Calculators and Computers
If we choose the x-values to range from a minimum value
of X min = a to a maximum value of X max = b and the y-
values to range from a minimum of Y min = c to a maximum
of Y max = d, then the visible portion of the graph lies in
the rectangle
[a, b]  [c, d] = {(x, y) | a  x  b, c  y  d}

shown in Figure 1.

We refer to this rectangle as the


[a, b] by [c, d] viewing rectangle.

The viewing rectangle [a, b] by [c, d]


Figure 1 4
Graphing Calculators and Computers
The machine draws the graph of a function f much as you
would.

It plots points of the form (x, f (x)) for a certain number of


equally spaced values of x between a and b.

If an x-value is not in the domain of f, or if f (x) lies outside


the viewing rectangle, it moves on to the next x-value.

The machine connects each point to the preceding plotted


point to form a representation of the graph of f.

5
Example 1
Draw the graph of the function f (x) = x2 + 3 in each of the
following viewing rectangles.

(a) [–2, 2] by [–2, 2]

(b) [–4, 4] by [–4, 4]

(c) [–10, 10] by [–5, 30]

(d) [–50, 50] by [–100, 1000]

6
Example 1 – Solution
For part (a) we select the range by setting X min = –2,
X max = 2, Y min = –2, and Y max = 2.

The resulting graph is shown in Figure 2(a). The display


window is blank!

[–2, 2] by [–2, 2]
Graph of f (x) = x2 + 3
Figure 2(a)
7
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

A moment’s thought provides the explanation: Notice that


x2  0 for all x, so
x2 + 3  3 for all x.

Thus the range of the function f (x) = x2 + 3 is [3, ).

This means that the graph of f lies entirely outside the


viewing rectangle [–2, 2] by [–2, 2].

8
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

The graphs for the viewing rectangles in parts (b), (c), and (d)
are also shown in Figure 2.

(b) [–4, 4] by [–4, 4] (c) [–10, 10] by [–5, 30] (d) [–50, 50] by [–100, 1000]

Graphs of f (x) = x2 + 3
Figure 2

Observe that we get a more complete picture in parts


(c) and (d), but in part (d) it is not clear that the y-intercept
is 3.
9
Graphing Calculators and Computers
To understand how the expression for a function relates to
its graph, it’s helpful to graph a family of functions, that is,
a collection of functions whose equations are related.

In the next example we graph members of a family of cubic


polynomials.

10
Example 8
Graph the function y = x3 + cx for various values of the
number c. How does the graph change when c is changed?

Solution:
Figure 13 shows the graphs of y = x3 + cx for c = 2, 1, 0,
–1, and –2.

(a) y = x3 + 2x (b) y = x3 + x (c) y = x3 (d) y = x3 – x (e) y = x3 – 2x

Several members of the family of functions y = x3 + cx,


all graphed in the viewing rectangle [–2, 2] by [–2.5, 2.5]
Figure 13
11
Example 8 – Solution cont’d

We see that, for positive values of c, the graph increases


from left to right with no maximum or minimum points
(peaks or valleys).

When c = 0, the curve is flat at the origin.

When c is negative, the curve has a maximum point and a


minimum point.

As c decreases, the maximum point becomes higher and


the minimum point lower.

12

You might also like