CROSS CULTURE COMMUNICATION®
DR. PAUL WILLIAMS
NOMIN ERINBILEG
TSETSGUN AYUR
NAMUUN GANTUMUR
2022.11.09
•In the South Korea, greetings start with a bow. The
SOCIAL CUSTOMS younger one should greet first and bow lower.
Handshakes often accompany the bow among men; your
SOCIAL CUSTOMS left hand should support your right forearm when shaking
hands.
•Following centuries-old traditions, Korean names consist
of three syllables: the first syllable is the family name
SOCIAL CUSTOMS (surname), the second and the third are the name given
name. For example, Kim Min Su, where Kim is the family
name.
SOCIAL CUSTOMS
•Koreans value punctuality, so you have
to be on time or a little early.
•Koreans are big fans of business cards,
which are exchanged in all business
meetings
•When meeting, Koreans may ask direct
questions about age and marital status,
which, in their opinion, allows future
partners to have a better understanding
of each other.
•Koreans consider it a personal offense
to be touched by someone who is not a
relative or close friend.
SOCIAL CUSTOMS
•To beckon someone put your
palm down and wave it, moving
all your fingers. Never call
anyone with your palm up, and
even more so with one finger -
this is how Koreans call dogs.
FAMILY LIFE
•The extended family where aged parent lived with their grown
children was a typical and traditional Korean family.
•The nuclear family is the common family structure now. Parents
share disciplinary power over children, whereas before it was
mostly the father’s role.
•“Goose dad” ( 기러기 아빠 ) is a South Korean term that refers
to a man who works in Korea while his wife and children stay in
an English-speaking country ( US, Canada, UK, Australia, or New
Zealand) for the sake of the children's education.
•Young Koreans influenced by technology and media are less
family oriented. They no longer see themselves as part of a
family team
•More than half of Korean women are employed, and more than
25% of married women work full-time.
•In politics in recent times women politicians have become
more involved than in the past.
•The status of women has risen to the point where it can be
seen as equal to the social standing of men in terms of
education, health, and legal rights. However, there are still
serious political and economic prejudices against women.
ARE THERE DIFFERENCES IN THE KIND OF
HOUSING USED BY DIFFERENT SOCIAL
GROUPS? DIFFERENCES IN LOCATION?
•In the early days, the fundamental housing problem in Korea was the
absolute lack of housing. However, the government did not allocate
much money to housing because housing was considered a low
priority sector compared to manufacturing or infrastructure to promote
economic development. The main cause of the housing shortage from
the 1960s to the mid-1980s was the lack of investment in new housing
(Kim and Suh 1991). It was not until the late 1980s that the government
launched a large-scale supply program to meet the growing demand
for quality housing for the middle class and allocated a significant
portion of its budget to the housing needs of low-income households.
The housing policy approach is to include a market system
complemented by a public sector monopoly in the provision of land for
construction, state regulations and incentives, expansion of the
housing stock and distribution of additional inventory among target
groups. the established rules. the government. This approach has
succeeded in improving the overall housing situation, both
quantitatively and qualitatively, and building middle class wealth
through housing.
WHAT OCCASIONS REQUIRE
SPECIAL CLOTHING?
•Besides the unique and wonderful food,
clothing is an important part of Korean
culture. It is usually made of plain silk and
patterned silk and other fabrics with intricate
designs, usually with elegant lines and
national symbols. Traditional Korean clothing
has a unique and rich Korean history. For
modern Koreans, hanbok is the formal dress
worn on Korean holidays or special occasions.
Children wear hanbok on their first birthday,
and adults wear hanbok for important family
events, including weddings and funerals.
ARE SOME TYPES OF
CLOTHING CONSIDERED
TABOO?
•While shorts and skirts are
common for women in major
cities in South Korea, exposed
shoulders and skirts are still
banned in many places.
•The conservative custom of a black suit, shirt and tie is the
WHAT IS APPROPRIATE BUSINESS
Korean standard for women to prefer smart suits or dresses.
ATTIRE FOR MEN? FOR WOMEN? (Pants are not normally worn by women in business situations,
but are acceptable in everyday social settings.)
HOW MANY TIMES A DAY
DO PEOPLE EAT?
•A Korean meal usually is made with
balance in mind -- hot and cool, spicy
and mild, yin and yang. At the core of
every meal is bap (rice), unless the meal
is noodle- or porridge-based. Koreans
don't distinguish between breakfast,
lunch, or dinner, so it's not unusual to
eat rice three times a day.
WHAT TYPES OF PLACES, FOOD, AND DRINK
ARE APPROPRIATE FOR BUSINESS
ENTERTAINMENT? WHERE IS THE SEAT OF
HONOR AT A TABLE?
•Korean table manners are something to consider before visiting
Korea or meeting Korean friends. Table manners are an unpleasant
impression. In fact, table manners are an important part of Korean
culture.Eating in Korea is a social thing. When dining with other
people, it's always important to be aware of how your actions affect
others.The eldest eats first It is common etiquette at Korean meals
for the eldest to eat first and then enjoy the delicious food after
dinner. Business lunches are often held in a separate area of the
restaurant. You sit at a low table with cushions on the floor. If you
haven't already taken off your shoes, please take them off at the
entrance to the restaurant to enter. Sit on a special pillow and bend
your legs to the side. In no case should you stretch your legs
towards colleagues under the table.
INTO WHAT CLASSES IS
SOCIETY ORGANIZED?
•Rapid economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization brought great changes to the
class structure of Korean society after the Korean War. One of the most significant changes is
the emergence of a "new" middle class made up of specially educated professionals, including
civil servants, corporate employees, engineers, health professionals, university professors,
architects and journalists. The number of factory workers also increased significantly.
According to Kim Kyung-dong, a sociologist at Seoul National University, the proportion of
the population in the "new middle class" (excluding the self-employed) rose from 6.6 percent
to 17.7 percent between 1960 and 1980. . During this period, the share of factory workers
increased from 8.9% of the workforce to 22.6%. The proportion of the rural underclass,
including self-employed farmers and agricultural workers, has suffered a corresponding
decline. In 1960, it represented 64% of the total population, but in 1980 it was only 31.3%.
The newly arrived urban lower class lives mostly in rural settlements, accounting for 6.6% of
the population in 1960 and 5.9% in 1980. Between the 1960s and 1980s, the "old" middle
class of urban and rural merchants and property owners small businesses, independent
professionals and artisans increased from 13% to 20.8% of the population. Kim's figures
include what he calls "the upper class." This class is the country's economic and social elite,
having grown from 0.9% to 1.8% of the population between the 1960s and 1980s.
DO RACIAL, RELIGIOUS, OR
ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINE
SOCIAL STATUS?
•In terms of education, the middle class enjoys the greatest privilege
among the four great social classes: the capitalist class, the petty-
bourgeois class, the middle class, and the working class. The middle
class goes to regular high schools, not vocational high schools. The
rate of middle-class children entering general secondary schools
instead of vocational schools is higher than that of the capitalist
class, let alone the petty bourgeoisie and the working class.
However, the probability of not attending college or not attending a
two-year college decreased in all social groups, so that the effect of
father's class on the child's transition after high school was weaker
than during the transition from middle school to high school.
school. Middle-class kids are more likely to go to college than other
middle-class kids.
ARE THERE ANY MINORITY GROUPS? WHAT IS THEIR SOCIAL POLITICAL PATTERNS
•Minorities include Chinese and religious minorities. Like its northern neighbor, the Republic of Korea, with a population of 51 million, is linguistically and
ethnically very homogeneous. Except for the recent immigrant group, there are only a handful of Chinese. The number of foreigners is over 1.3 million, of
which almost half are Chinese. Minority groups that were concentrated in large cities such as Incheon are increasingly concentrated in the capital Seoul. In
recent years, China's ethnic minorities have seen an influx of migrant workers from other Asian countries. About half of the foreigners, including many
Chinese, are migrant workers, most of them young, in low-paid and unskilled jobs, and in some cases vulnerable to exploitation. About 43% of the
country's population is religious, and the largest religious minority is Christians, representing 28% of the total population (Protestants 20%, Catholics 8%).
Buddhists make up 15.5% of the population and practice the minority religions: Jeondoism, Won Buddhism and Islam.
•The state monopoly on the use of force in South
Korea is neither threatened nor challenged by
domestic actors. Under international law, South
ARE THERE ANY Korea and North Korea are sovereign states and
IMMEDIATE members of the United Nations. Article 3 of the
Constitution of the Republic of Korea states that
THREATS TO "the territory of the Republic of Korea consists of
the Korean Peninsula and the adjacent islands". In
THE POLITICAL fact, Seoul recognizes North Korea as a sovereign
SURVIVAL OF state. Structural constraints on governance are
low in Korea. The conflict with North Korea is not
THE COUNTRY? a structural obstacle to effective governance, but
a threat to national security.
HOW IS POLITICAL •Korea has a complex
POWER MANIFESTED? geopolitical situation, situated
between the three great powers
of China, Japan and Russia. The
struggle for influence on the
Korean Peninsula led to the
Japanese occupation in 1910
and ended with the
unconditional surrender of the
Japanese Empire in August 1945.
After the "sudden end to the war
in the Pacific", at the special
proposal of Dean Rusk (later US
Secretary of State), the country
was divided along the 38th
parallel, the North occupied by
the Soviet Union and the South
occupied by the South. part. with
the USSR. UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA.
•.
3. WHAT CHANNELS ARE
USED FOR EXPRESSING
POPULAR OPINION?
•magazines, and Internet-based websites.
Modern Korean journalism began after the
opening of Korea in the late 19th century.
Although the Korean press has been strong in
reformism and nationalism since its early
days, it has faced political control and
attempts at outright censorship throughout
most of the 20th century.
•In Korea, MBC radio is generally the most
popular because it has many long-running
programs. MBC has two channels: FM4U and
Standard FM. "Yeonnam Jo-Yura Choi's
Golden Age Radio" is the most popular
program with interesting stories and K-pop
music.
4. WHAT INFORMATION MEDIA ARE
IMPORTANT?
• Media in Korea consists of several
forms of public news communication,
such as television, radio, movies,
newspapers, magazines, and Internet-
based websites.
•Modern Korean journalism began after
the opening of Korea in the late 19th
century. Although the Korean press has
been strong in reformism and
nationalism since its early days, it has
faced political control and attempts at
outright censorship throughout most of
the 20th century.
5. IS IT APPROPRIATE TO
TALK ABOUT POLITICS IN
SOCIAL SITUATIONS?
The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is an
established democracy that largely respects civil,
political, economic, social, and cultural rights,
although significant human rights concerns remain.
Discrimination against women is pervasive, as well
as discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transgender (LGBT) people, racial and ethnic
minorities, and foreign migrants and refugees. The
government also retains draconian criminal
defamation laws and sweeping intelligence and
national security laws that chill speech critical of
the government and corporations.
RELIGION AND
BELIFIES
•All four of the world's major religions—Confucianism, Islam,
Buddhism, and Christianity—coexist peacefully in South
Korea alongside shamanism.
•In 2015, statistics showed that 44% of South Koreans
identified as members of a religion.
•Among these, Buddhism and Confucianism have had the
greatest impact on the lives of the Korean people. In fact,
these two religions account for more than half of the
country's officially recognized cultural legacy. Tens of
thousands of temples have been constructed all over Korea
since Buddhism first arrived in the country in 372.
•Confucianism, which served as the Joseon dynasty's (1392–
1910) official philosophy, is more of a set of moral principles
that places value on loyalty, family values, and ancestor
worship. The Joseon Dynasty developed a code of conduct
based on Confucian principles to regulate social attitudes
and traditions.
RELIGIOUS
GROUPS
POPULATION
PERCENTAGE
RELIGIOUS PLACES:
BONGEUNSA TEMPLE
•Bongeunsa Temple, formerly known as
Gyeonseongsa Temple, is situated to the north of
COEX Building and was built in the tenth year of
Silla King Weongseong's rule (794).
•Gyeonseongsa Temple, located to the east of
King Seongjong's royal mausoleum, was
renovated by Queen Jeonghyeon in 1498, and she
gave it the new name of Bongeunsa.
MYEONGDONG
CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL
•Father Coste started making plans for
the church's construction in 1894, and
on May 29, 1898, the building was
dedicated with Our Lady of the
Immaculate Conception as its patron
saint. (The idea that the Virgin Mary was
born without original sin is known as the
Immaculate Conception.)
•The first religious group in Korea
formed here in 1784, when the area was
still known as Myeong-Nae-Bang.
WHAT ARE THE COUNTRY PRINCIPAL
PRODUCTS
•The victims' remains from the persecutions of 1839 and 1866 were transferred from Yong-San Seminary to
the vault of Myeong-dong Cathedral in 1900.
•Fr. Rhee Ki-Jun, the first Korean priest, was named pastor of Myeong-dong in 1942, and there, Rho Ki-Nam,
the first Korean bishop, was elevated to the episcopate. (Episcopate - the completeness of the process of
orders through which a man becomes a bishop and gains the authority to confirm, ordain, and join the
episcopal community with the power of jurisdiction in agreement with the norms of church law and the Holy
See's instructions.)
•The Cathedral's name was changed from Chong-Hyen to Myeong-dong on Liberation Day in 1945. Myeong-
dong Cathedral was a main focus for the Korean democratic movement in the 1970s and 1980s and
contributed significantly to the advancement of human rights during that time.
•Myeong-dong Cathedral is still using prayer and missionary activity to connect with people around the world.
The Gothic-styled Myeong-dong Cathedral is the region of Korea's first brick cathedral. The Myeong-dong
Church, designated historic place No. 258, has considerable historical value built into its structure. The church
has a Latin cross structure with a central entrance and two side columns, and its 23-meter-high roof and 45
meters of bell tower. (Myeongdong Catholic Cathedral Archdiocese of Seoul, 2017)
HAEDONG YONGGUNG
TEMPLE
•Haedong Yonggungsa Temple in Busan is
one of the few South Korean temples
situated on the seashore.
•It’s a rare gem and an incredible
opportunity to get out of the city and enjoy
some incredible views. On the north-eastern
shore of Busan, there is a temple called
Haedong Yonggungsa. Unlike most temples
in Korea, which are found in the highlands,
this fantastic site gives guests a rare
opportunity to visit a temple by the water.
HISTORY OF HAEDONG
YONGGUNGSA TEMPLE
•The original Haedong Yonggungsa Temple was constructed in 1376 by the famous Buddhist
teacher Naong of the Goryeo period.
•In 1970, the temple's main sanctuary had a detailed reconstruction, paying close attention to
the colors typically utilized in such buildings.
•A Buddhist temple with a distinctive design is located inside the cave on the right, and a three-
story pagoda with four lion statues is placed right in front of the main sanctuary. The four lions
stand for happiness, wrath, grief, and joy. The 108 steps and the stone lanterns dotting the
rocky environment at the temple are additional notable locations.
•One will be amazed by the temple's beauty as they reach the bottom of the 108 steps. One
might pause halfway down the 108 steps to take in the serene sounds of the ocean and the
magnificent daybreak.
•On New Year's Day, a lot of people go this location to make a wish for the coming year while
they observe the sun rise. Because of the full bloom of the cherry blossoms, April is a
particularly lovely month. The fourth lunar month, when the birth of Buddha is also celebrated,
provides a breathtaking nightfall view. (Korea Tourism Organization, 2021)
•01.01.2022 New Year's Day
•31.01.-02.02.2022 Lunar New Year's Day (Seollal)
•01.03.2022 Independence Movement Day
•09.03.2022 Election Day – Presidential election
KOREAN •01.05.2022
•05.05.2022
•08.05.2022
Labour Day
Children's Day
Buddha's Birthday
NATIONAL •01.06.2022
•06.06.2022
Election Day – Local election
Memorial Day
HOLIDAYS
•15.08.2022 Liberation Day
•09.09.-11.09.2022 Korean Thanksgiving Day (Chuseok)
•03.10.2022 National Foundation Day
•09.10.2022 Hangeul Day
•25.12.2022 Christmas
•In 2021, South Korea's exports reached a total of US$644.4 billion. This amount
of money reflects a 12.3% increase over the previous five years, beginning in
2017, and a 25.7% annual acceleration in 2020.
•SOUTH KOREA’S TOP 10 EXPORTS
•The South Korean export product segments with the biggest dollar value in
2021's international shipments are listed below. The top 10 exports from South
Korea account for 84% of the country's total export value, making them highly
concentrated.
•1. 200.8 billion dollars (31.2% of all exports) went toward electrical machinery
ECONOMIC and equipment.
•2. Computer and electronic equipment: $76 billion (11.8%)
INSTITUTIONS •3.
•4.
Automotive: $67 billion (10.4%)
$43.2 billion (6.7%) in plastics and plastic products
•5. $40 billion (6.2%) in mineral, fuels, and oil.
•6. Optics, technology, and medical equipment: $22.3 billion (3.5%)
•7. $27.9 billion (4.3%) for iron and steel
•8. $22 billion (3.4%) went to ships and boats.
•9. Organic chemical sales were $23.5 billion (3.6%).
•10. Steel and iron products: $9.8 billion (1.5%)
HOW WAS TECHNOLOGY AFFECTED
BUSINESS PRODUCES?
•Federation of Korean Trade Unions, FKTU. It claims 954,546 members in 2018 and was founded in 1961.
•Principle 1: Companies should back and support the defense of globally recognized human rights
•Principle 2: Make sure they are not participating in violations of human rights.
•Principle 3: Business should support the right to freedom of association and effective acknowledgment of the right to
trade unions.
•Principle 4: All types of forced and mandatory labor shall be eliminated
•Principle 5: The effective reduction of child labor.
•Principle 6: Eliminate discrimination in job and occupations.
•Principle 7: Business should adopt a responsible approach to addressing environmental concerns.
•Principle 8: Take steps to encourage greater environmental responsibility.
•Principle 9: Encourage the creation and implementation of ecologically sustainable technologies.
•Principle 10: Business should fight against all types of corruption, including extortion and bribery. (Federation of Korean
Trade Unions - FKTU, 2009)
IS PARTICIPATORY
MANAGED USED?
•Second largest is the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions, KCTU, with 786,563 members. Due to the circumstances of its
foundation and its ethos, it is the most radical of the two.
•1. The KCTU will create a truly democratic society that will ensure the human value and equality of all people, based on the
history and tradition of the autonomous and democratic trade union movement.
•2. The KCTU will try to give workers more political influence. All democratic forces will be more united thanks to the KCTU.
The national sovereignty and culture shall be strengthened and advanced by the KCTU. The KCTU will run a campaign to
ensure that all applicable democratic rights are realized. The KCTU will work towards the unification of Korea in a peaceful
manner since it suffers from the disaster and misunderstanding caused by the separation.
•3. By organizing the unorganized sectors of the workforce, encouraging industrial cooperation, and achieving national
industry-wide organized labor based on business organized challenge, the KCTU will consolidate the organizational power of
workers, with a particular focus on increasing union density. The KCTU will also try to bring the labor movement together.
•4. The KCTU will end state authority and capital's suppression and control, therefore realizing fundamental labor and trade
union rights. The KCTU will strive for a cross system through union and employee participation in management decision-
making processes and structures. This will go hand in hand with the fight to end anti-democratic workplace practices.
•5. 5. The KCTU will improve workplace conditions by securing appropriate fair salary, ensuring job security, eliminating
workplace accidents, promoting safety and health at work standards, and strengthening family protection. The KCTU will seek
to remove all forms of discrimination, achieve gender equality, support meaningful employment for people with disabilities,
and promote equal rights for migrant workers.
•6. The KCTU will aim to support the growth of small and medium-sized businesses together with agriculture and continuing
to strengthen and solidify the regulatory control of monopoly capital. Together with other progressive social forces, the KCTU
will fight for the liberalization and centralization of social security, affordable housing, free education, universal health care,
fair taxation and pricing, a smart financial system, the common public good use of land, environmental protection, and a
solution to the traffic issues that negatively impact urban and national life.
•7. The KCTU will strengthen the ability of the global workers movement by forging connections of cooperation with workers
throughout the world. In order to realize and protect human rights, democracy, and peace against the threat of war and
nuclear weapons, the KCTU will unite with all innovative people's forces. (KCTU, n.d)
BUSINESS IN KOREA
•The term "chaebol structure" refers to a system of large corporations that
was developed in South Korea in the 1960s and resulted in the creation of
massively successful multinational corporations.
•The chaebols of South Korea are a collection of large corporations that play
a significant role in the economy of the country. Chaebols are significantly
responsible for funding South Korea's research and development (R&D).
About half of the country's stock market's value can be related to chaebols.
Generally, they are industrial conglomerates consisting of various
organizations.
•Approximately twenty well-known chaebols, or family-owned businesses,
are active in the South Korean economy.
•The largest and most recognizable chaebols include: Samsung, Hyundai, SK
Group, and LG Group. More than half of the nation's exports come from
these corporations. Additionally, they work together to bring the majority of
foreign investment into South Korea.
WORKING
HOURS IN
KOREA
•The typical workday lasts eight hours, while the
typical workweek is forty hours, not including
breaks.
•The waiting period, during which an employee is
directed and watched over by the employer in
preparation for work, shall be considered working
time for the purposes of calculating working
hours.
•The maximum number of hours per week is 52,
which is made up of 12 hours of overtime and 40
ordinary hours.
•All employers who now have at least 50
employees must follow this workweek.
•Employers with 5 to 49 employees will be subject
to this starting of July 1, 2021. Employers with less
than 5 workers will continue to be excluded from
this rule. (Replicon, 2022)
BUSINESS
CULTURE IN
KOREA
•EXCHANGING BUSINESS CARDS
•Many Asian cultures consider how you treat someone's
business card as a reflection of how you would treat them
in person when conducting business. To accept a business
card, use both hands or just the right hand. Place the card
on the table in front of you after carefully considering it,
but before everyone is seated. Don't put it in your back
pocket because that can be viewed as you sitting on their
face.
•MANAGEMENT STYLE
•The management style in Korean corporate structure (and
Korean society in general) is paternalistic, with status
influenced by connections, position, and age. Be conscious
of how you go through this hierarchy, recognizing those
who are superior to you and paying them the respect they
deserve. In order to establish who is more superior
between the two of you, your Korean colleague can even
question about your age.
BUSINESS CULTURE
IN KOREA
•ORGANIZATION RELATIONSHIP
•Business relationships between
Koreans influence the actions their
personal lives. People typically
connect during meals and
beverages, and they value it when
their business colleagues treat
them like friends. At the end of
the workday, businessmen
frequently engage in joint drinking
and smoking. (Nina Evans, 2016)
KOREAN TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTS IN BUSINESSES
•The government concentrated on creating more complex hardware-
based goods for industries that produce a lot of goods, like automotive,
Televisions, steel, mobile devices, and semiconductors.
•The government has also tightened its bonds of cooperation with a
chosen few leaders in these fields, which has resulted in the creation of
Chaeobols, or big industrial conglomerates managed by families.
•South Korea is now the world's fifth-largest exporter of products and
services and the eleventh-largest economy overall. The top two display
manufacturers in the world now are Samsung and LG, with Hyundai and
Kia together coming in third place in terms of car manufacturing.
•Korea hasn't always had a reputation for being a startup-friendly nation.
The government support programs for startups like TIPS (Tech Incubator
Program for Startups), a government incubation program that identifies
and supports promising startups by carefully matching them with
government funding. (Saemoon Yoon, 2022)
VALUE SYSTEMS
•COMPETITION ORIENTED
•Koreans can be strong competitors in the workplace; they
normally hate finishing second and often see compromise as a
loss. As a result, in order to increase their trust in businesses,
customers frequently need to be assured that a win-win
situation is the intention of business.
•Due to the frequent speed and intensity of business
negotiations, this competitive business culture is characterized
by a sense of urgency. Due to the tendency of Koreans to
strive for rapid sales and their lack of patience for complex
techniques, time is rarely wasted. Within a day after submitting
a proposal, answers and choices are frequently given. Because
of this, it makes sense to think that a Korean would end the
project if they waited a week without communicating.
•Koreans are also renowned for being able to change their
minds mid-negotiation and end a relationship if they find a
better offer elsewhere. Therefore, unless you have established
a solid and reliable business relationship, it is preferable to
aim for short-term agreements with a Korean business
partner. Recognize that Koreans frequently have their
company's long-term survival at the forefront of their minds.
As a result, they tend to avoid confusing situations and
ambiguity at all costs. They will typically view you as their
competition if they don't feel they can trust you.
VALUE SYSTEMS
•RELATIONSHIP ORIENTED
•The relationships that Korean maintains in
the corporate world are crucial to them
because of how competitive Korean business
culture is. A third-party connection can
usually be quite helpful in building a
relationship of trust right away. Koreans put a
lot of effort into ensuring the success of their
partners once a sense of mutual trust has
been built. They also keep striving to forge
the bonds of loyalty and trust necessary to
sustain future business. They frequently have
a strong desire to learn a lot about their
partners. (Nina Evans, 2016)
VALUE SYSTEMS
•ATTITUDES
•Sometimes Koreans stand or sit in quiet after
hearing something and think about it without
acknowledging the surroundings. Cough softly and
allow for them to finish their thought before
continuing.
•Even when they disagree with your suggestions,
Koreans rarely respond in a flat-out negative way.
So, pay great attention to any signs of hesitation
and concentrate on what they might be hinting at.
Ask open-ended questions to be sure you
understood everything.
•Most Koreans are open and simple to do business
with. As a result, if you find that getting in touch
with your Korean business partner is getting more
difficult, it is possible that you have mistreated
them or that they are no longer interested in
working with you.
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