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Lecture 7 Patch Loading - 2011

1) The document discusses buckling under concentrated loads (patch loading) in structural engineering, providing examples where local concentrated forces are resisted by the web alone without transverse stiffeners, such as during bridge launching. 2) It describes three potential failure modes for an unstiffened web under concentrated loads - crushing, web crippling, and web buckling - and presents the Eurocode approach using the χ-λ method to analyze the buckling resistance. 3) This involves calculating the elastic critical buckling force Fcr, plastic resistance Fy, and slenderness parameter λF to determine the reduction factor χ and design resistance FRd considering the interaction with global bending moment.

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Óscar López
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26 views

Lecture 7 Patch Loading - 2011

1) The document discusses buckling under concentrated loads (patch loading) in structural engineering, providing examples where local concentrated forces are resisted by the web alone without transverse stiffeners, such as during bridge launching. 2) It describes three potential failure modes for an unstiffened web under concentrated loads - crushing, web crippling, and web buckling - and presents the Eurocode approach using the χ-λ method to analyze the buckling resistance. 3) This involves calculating the elastic critical buckling force Fcr, plastic resistance Fy, and slenderness parameter λF to determine the reduction factor χ and design resistance FRd considering the interaction with global bending moment.

Uploaded by

Óscar López
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural Engineering

Lecture 7
Buckling under concentrated loads (Patch loading)
Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads (Patch loading)

Examples of cases where local concentrated forces need to be


resisted by the web only (no transverse stiffeners)

Bridge launching Crane girders


Structural Engineering

Examples of local buckling under concentrated loads

Kista Galleria, July 2008


Structural Engineering

Examples of local buckling under concentrated loads

The Second Narrows Bridge in Vancouver, Canada (1958)


Structural Engineering

Examples of local buckling under concentrated loads


The Second Narrows Bridge in Vancouver, Canada

Collapse could have been prevented if vertical


stiffeners had been added
Structural Engineering

HOMEWORK 5
Check the patch loading capacity without transversal
stiffeners (original design) and if stiffeners are added.

100 200 100 200

N N

120

305 120

12
Structural Engineering

Examples of local buckling under concentrated loads

It is not always practically possible to have vertical stiffeners when concentrated


loads are acting on the structure. Example: Bridge launching

Lower Chord
Plate buckling above the launching shoe
Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads

For an unstiffened web, three possible “failure modes”:

(a) Crushing – local yielding (b) Web crippling (c) Web buckling

Stocky webs Intermediate slenderness Very slender


(crushing) (interaction) (elastic buckling)
“special case”
Structural Engineering

The χ-λ approach

Fy
?
F 
Fcr
?
?
Structural Engineering

Elastic critical buckling force Fcr

Exact analytical solutions exist,


but they are far too complicated

 2E t w3
Fcr   F 2

12(1   ) hw

 F has been obtained from extensive FE-analysis


Structural Engineering

Elastic critical buckling force

 2E t w3 t w3
Fcr   F 2
  0,9 F E
12(1   ) hw hw

 F factors according to Eurocode


Structural Engineering

Plastic resistance Fy
Eurocode model
Structural Engineering

Plastic resistance Fy
Eurocode model

l y  ( ss  2t f )  s y

b f t 2f
M pl  f yf
4

b f f yf
s y  2t f
t w f yw

b f f yf
l y  ( ss  2t f )  2t f l y  ss  2t f (1  m1 )
t w f yw

Fy  l y  t w  f yw
Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads


Eurocode model

Based on observations from tests:

For girders with very slender webs, part of the web will act together with the
flange to form a T-section at the outer plastic hinges!

For such girders, the effective loaded length is increased by introducing a new
parameter: 2
 hw  The web is yielding here!
m2  0.02 
t 
 f 

for : F  0,5 l y  ss  2t f (1  m1  m2 )
Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads


Eurocode model χ − λ approach

When ly is determined, the slenderness parameter can be calculated


F

Fy l y  t w  f yw
F   (observe that ly may itself be dependent onF )
Fcr Fcr

 2E t w3 t w3
Fcr   F 2
  0,9 F E
12(1   ) hw hw
Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads


Eurocode model χ − λ approach

0,5
  1,0
F

Experimental results with M/Mpl < 0,4


Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads Fult



Eurocode model χ − λ approach Fy

The reduction factor can be calculated

0,5
  1,0
F
F

.. and the design resistance for local buckling under transverse forces:

f yw
FRd   F  l y  t w
 M1
Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads

Effect of the global bending moment on the capacity of the flanges


Structural Engineering

Buckling under concentrated loads


Eurocode model – Interaction bending-patch load

FEd M Ed
  1,4
FRd M pl , Rd
Structural Engineering

Buckling of transversally stiffened webs


(With vertical stiffeners)

The patch loading resistance of webs can be enhanced by adding V-stiffeners


The vertical stiffeners and some effective width of the web are considered as an
”column”
P
Structural Engineering

Buckling of transversally stiffened webs


(With vertical stiffeners)
Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering

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