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2.2 Prototyping

This document discusses prototyping for internet of things (IoT) projects. It defines prototyping as creating preliminary versions of a product to test design ideas. Prototyping allows for early debugging and modification. Factors like cost, ease of development, and a developer's skills influence prototyping choices. While open source has advantages like community feedback, closed source may be better for mass market products to control intellectual property. Successful prototypes can be improved and scaled up for mass production.

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Swetha Chintal
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744 views

2.2 Prototyping

This document discusses prototyping for internet of things (IoT) projects. It defines prototyping as creating preliminary versions of a product to test design ideas. Prototyping allows for early debugging and modification. Factors like cost, ease of development, and a developer's skills influence prototyping choices. While open source has advantages like community feedback, closed source may be better for mass market products to control intellectual property. Successful prototypes can be improved and scaled up for mass production.

Uploaded by

Swetha Chintal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit -2

Internet Principles and Communication


Technology

2.2 Prototyping

A presentation
By
G. ASHRITHA
Assistant Professor
Dept of ECE
CONTENTS
 What is Prototyping?
 Why Prototyping?
 Sketching & Familiarity
 Cost vs Ease of Prototyping
 Prototypes and Production
 Open Source vs Closed Source
 Disadvantages of Open Source
 Open Source as a Competitive Advantage
 Open Source as a Strategic Weapon
 Mixing Open and Closed Source
 Closed Source for Mass Market Projects
 Tapping into the community
What is Prototyping?
 IoT prototyping is the action of experimenting and
implementing design ideas into preliminary versions of a
finished product.

 Essentially, it involves trying out and testing different ways to


bring something from the planning phase to reality

 The most sensible approach to start creating an IoT device is to


make a Prototype, that has the same functionality as envisioned
by the design idea.

 IoT is all about doing 3 things in parallel: Physical thing,


Electronics to make thing smart and Internet service to connect.
Why Prototyping?
 Many IoT projects start with Prototyping

 Successful implementation of the prototype makes way for an


idea worth selling

 Early debugging is the primary benefit of prototyping

 Prototype is optimized for ease and speed of development and


ability to be modified

 The process of manufacture will iron out the issues of scaling


up and polishing
Why to learn about Prototyping?

 New microcontrollers are constantly coming into the market

 Popularity of server software stacks is ever changing

 Rapid prototyping continues to evolve


Sketching
 Sketching is the process of exploring the problem space; it is
the first step in exploring your idea

 It is the process of jotting down some ideas or drawing some


design ideas

 It focuses on ease and speed with which one can try things out

 It involves both hardware and software

 Hardware deals with physical design whereas software design


involves breaking the problem into parts and addressing each
individually
Familiarity
 The familiarity of the developer with the physical device and
the programming language influences the choices made in
hardware and software design of the prototype

 For example, if the developer is well-versed in Python, he can


choose Raspberry Pi unambiguously for designing the
prototype
Cost vs Ease of Prototyping
Choice Features
AVR microchip 3 pounds;
Difficult wiring

Arduino board 20 pounds;


Labelled headers, exposed GPIO pins,
Supporting IDE

Beaglebone 30 pounds;
Supports Linux, Javascript,
Available toolkit

Smart phone 300 pounds;


Internet connectivity, I/O capabilities,
C, Java, Python, HTML
PC 1000 pounds;
NIC , I/O capabilities
Cost and Ease Trade-off
 The trade-off can be addressed by “doing the sensible and
easiest thing that could probably work”

 The choices of hardware and programming language are based


on the skill-set of the developer

 There is “strictly no right answer” but there is “no wrong


answer either”
Prototypes and Production
 Building many thousands of devices based on the prototype
offers a new set of challenges and questions

 The following factors need to be taken into account during


mass production of product based on the prototype
• Changing Embedded Platform
• Physical Prototypes and Mass Personalization
• Climbing into Cloud
1) Changing Embedded Platform
 Cost/Size reasons

 Replicating compelling functionality on final target

 Re-writing code in modern high-level way

 Faster processor speed and more RAM

 Ramping-up time to learn new technologies or programming


languages
2) Physical Prototype and Mass Personalization
 Challenges in scaling devices to production

 Mass Personalization
• Targets specific user groups
• Offers something unique with accompanying potential to
charge a premium
3) Climbing into Cloud
 Run on server software

 Run on Cloud Computing Platform


Open Souce vs Closed Source

 Closed Source:
• Your assertion as creator of your Intellectual Property
Rights

 Open Source:
• Your users’ right to freely tinker with your creation
Why Closed?
 Asserting IP rights – copying the code infringes IP rights

 Suitable for large companies to keep their work confidential

 One has to reverse engineer the functionality of H/W and S/W


to know the details

 Closed to Open is possible but the reverse isn’t


Why Open?
 Sources used to create the project are released to the whole
world

 Reasons to give away your work


 Positive comments
 Public showcase of your talent & new opportunities
 People may fix bugs or make improvements
 Get support or mindshare of quality
 Get invited to conferences
 Gift economy
Disadvantages of Open Source

 People may steal your idea

 Releasing as open source takes time and resources

 Answerable to a community

 Being a good citizen: cachet associated with open source

 Poor quality publishing of your work may sound rude


Open Source as a Competitive Advantage
 Software tested, debugged and improved by many eyes

 Chance to gain mindshare – correct design mistakes

 Open source project easily gains goodwill and enthusiasm to


become a platform

 “Geek” community chooses you


Open Source as a Strategic Weapon

 Commoditizing complements – use of open source for


complementary products

 Risks and Opportunities – to undermine competitor


Closed Source for Mass Market Projects
 Can get existing supply and distribution chain on your side
- advantage of entering first into the market and doing
so cheaper

 Supply chain can affect other considerations of physical


device – cost , effort required in moving to mass scale
Mixing Open and Closed Source
 There always exists a trade-off between IP rights and benefits
of Open Source

 This calls for a blend of both – Open Source and Closed


Source

 It implies having control over “what to say?” and “how much


to say?”
Tapping into the Community
 Mind sharing is important as you scale up

 Allows for using a platform in which other people can monitor


you

 Have control over “how much to say” and “whom to say”

 Outpouring of creativity that changes the world by being in


touch with local/internet community

 Face-to-face meetings at hackspace


THANK YOU

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