CV Systems
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CV Systems
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Syllabus
1. Overview of Combat Vehicles
2. Combat Vehicle Power Plants -1&2
3. Running Gears
4. Tank Track Mechanism
5. Tank Suspension System -1 & 2
6. Modern Clutch Systems
7. Turbocharging and Supercharging
8. Tank Transmission Systems 1 & 2
9. VCR and Hyperbar Engines 1 & 2
10. Gun Control Equipment
11. Anti-atomic Protection System
12. Fire Fighting System
CV System
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Overview of Combat Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Fire power
Mobility
Armour Protection
3. Family of Combat Vehicles
4. Classification of Combat Vehicle Systems
CV Systems
4 Introduction
A Combat Vehicle or Armoured Fighting Vehicle (AFV)
is Weapon Carrying Platform which can dominate the
Battle Field with its Efficient Protection System,
Superior Fire Power, Excellent Mobility and
Manoeuvrability and can Survive in modern day Battle
Field.
ARMOURED FIGHTING VEHICLE
PROTECTION FIRE POWER MOBILITY
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Introduction
As a mobile, protected source of heavy direct firepower,
AFVs are expected to engage all major battle field targets
with in its visual range. These include enemy personal,
weapon emplacements and armoured vehicles.
The ability to defeat hostile tanks has become the main
criterion in the design of various systems of tanks.
Continuous improvement in the fighting capabilities of the
tank by improving the design using the latest
advancements in science and technology has taken the
three vital parameters, firepower, mobility and protection,
to new heights.
CV System
6 Threats to a Tank
Fighter Attack Anti-tank
Infantry Aircrafts Helicopters Missiles
Mobile Infantry Hand
Weapons Held Weapons
Tube Launched Mortar, Gun
Smart Anti-
Tank Munitions Enemy MBTs
KE, CE (HEAT)
NBC Electronic
Weapon Warfare
System
Anti-Tank IEDs Arty Fire Smart &
Mines Unguided
CV Systems: Technology Spectrum
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Opto Weapon Ammunition
Electrical Electronics Tech
Tech Tech
Automobile AFV Tech
Tech
Computer Electronic
Tech Tech
Communication
NBC Tech and Nav Tech
Explosive
Material Tech
Tech
CV Systems
8 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
1. Fire power
2. Mobility
3. Protection
4. Other Factors
Survivability
Surveillance
Communication
Night Fighting Capability
Endurance
Reliability (RAM-D)
Cost
Operability- crew comfort and ease of operation of
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Fire Power
Capability to destroy enemy tank.
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) or tank
dominates the battle field with its superior fire
power.
The battle tank of today is expected to possess
fire power which will allow it, by day or by night
and also while on move, to destroy within a few
seconds any enemy tank presenting it self even
at greater range, with first shot if possible but at
worst with third.
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Protection
The protection and mobility are complementary
characteristics. Armoured vehicles are exposed to
diverse threats and need the balanced protective
system that will enhance their chance of survival on the
battlefield. The crew and the vehicle itself must be
regarded as a single fighting unit. In peace time there
is a psychological tendency to degrade the value of
protection.
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Protection
Direct: protection as a result of armour envelop, its
composition, distribution, shaping and sloping
Indirect protection: also referred to as hit avoidance
factors.
Threat to an AFV:
Bottom attack
Ballistic attack- frontal lateral and rear
Top attack
NBC threat
Fire and flames
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Survivability
Means the probability of tank and its crew
being able to continue or rejoin the battle.
System survivability
Crew survivability
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Rules For Battlefield Survivability
Do not be detected
Minimum signatures (thermal, magnetic, radar,
acoustic and visual)
Right angles – radar reflectivity
Engine exhaust design
If detected, do not be hit
Small target
Reduced crew
Reduced height of the tank
External gun
RULES FOR BATTLEFIELD SURVIVABILITY
Do not
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Minimum signatures (thermal, magnetic, radar, seismic, acoustic and visual)
Right angles – radar reflectivity
Engine exhaust design
If detected, do not be hit
Small target
Reduced crew
Reduced height of the tank
External gun
Agility
High power to weight ratio
Good suspension
RULES FOR BATTLEFIELD SURVIVABILITY
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If hit,
do not be penetrated
If penetrated, survive
Anti- spall liners for HEAT
Protected charge magazines
Blow off panels
Halon fire suppression system
Flak jacket and fire proof overalls for crew
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Characteristics Of Armour Materials
Light in weight for increased mobility
Minimum bulk with high degree of protection.
Soundness and cleanliness
Readily available
Capable of being moulded into different
shapes
High strength to avoid extensive failure when
attacked.
High toughness and structural strength to
avoid extensive failure.
CV System
17 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Mobility
Strategic Mobility
This is ability to move fighting potential in to a theatre of war or
from one theatre of war to another theatre.
Tactical Mobility
This is the ability to move fighting potential within a theatre of war.
Battle Field Mobility
This is the ability to tactically maneuver forces on the battlefield
so as to win encounter with the enemy. In the case of tanks this
particularly refers to the ability to change fire positions, thus
seeking protection from and advantage over enemy tanks.
CV System
18 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Factors Affecting Strategic Mobility
Air portability
Weight
Width
Load spreading
Tie-down Provisions
Pressurization
Profile
Sea portability
Availability of bridge head
Flotation and fording capability
Water proofing
Condition of bridge head
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19 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Factors Affecting Strategic Mobility
Capability of ships
Security in water
Security of bridge head
Land Operation
Rail transportation:
Availability of rolling stocks
Width, height and profile of tunnels
Capacity of bridges
Proximity of road on adjacent line
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20 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Factors Affecting Strategic Mobility
Road transportation
Bridge classification
Width of culverts
Loading/unloading facility
Vulnerable to air attacks
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21 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Factors Affecting Tactical Mobility
Tank transporters availability
Condition of roads
Bridges and culverts
Overhead power lines
Load carrying capacity of the road
Degree of mechanical wear and tear
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22 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Factors Affecting Battle Field Mobility
Capability to negotiate soft ground and bad
goings
Floatation / fording capability
Endurance and radius of action
Agility
Acceleration
Speed
Gear Changing
Maneuverability
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23 Characteristics of Combat Vehicles
Factors Affecting Battle Field Mobility
Gradient climbing capability
Ditch crossing capability
Vertical step capability
Turning radius
Automotive reliability and maintainability
Ride comfort
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Classification of Combat Vehicles Systems
1. Main Battle Tanks
2. Support Vehicles
3. Mine Trawls
4. Logistics Vehicles
5. Command Vehicles
6. Air Defence Vehicles
CV Systems
25 Family Of Combat Vehicles
Main Battle Tanks
Armoured Personnel Carriers
Infantry Combat Vehicles
Self Propelled Artillery
Air Defence Artillery
Tank Destroyers
Heavy Tanks
Self Propelled Anti-tank Guns
Self Propelled Anti Tank Guided Missile Carriers
Attack Helicopters
Reconnaissance Vehicle
Design of Support Vehicles
26 Family Of Combat Vehicles
Engineer Elements
Trawl Tanks
Bridge Laying Tanks
Armoured Engineers Reconnaissance Vehicles
Armoured Amphibious Dozers
Combat Engineer Tractors
Logistics Carriers
Armoured Recovery Vehicles
Forward Repair Teams
Mine Casualty Repair Teams
Immediate Replenishment Groups
Tentacles
Ambulances
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27 Self Propelled Arty
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A mine roller or mine trawl is a demining device
mounted on a tank or armoured personnel carrier,
designed to detonate anti-tank mines. It allows engineers
to clear a lane through a minefield which is protected by
enemy fire.
The device is usually composed of a fork or two push
arm assemblies fitted to the front of a tank hull, with two
banks of rollers that can be lowered in front of the tank's
tracks.
Each roller bank has several heavy wheels studded with
short projecting steel girders, which apply a higher
ground pressure than the tank's tracks. This ensures the
explosion of pressure-fused anti-tank mines, which
would otherwise explode under the track itself.
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CV Systems
33 Armoured Recovery Vehicle (ARV).
It is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used to repair and recover battle-
or mine-damaged as well as broken-down armoured vehicles during
combat, or to tow them out of the danger zone for more extensive
repairs.
Usually custom made for repair and recovery of a particular type of MBT;
e.g, ARV WZT-2 for T-55; WZT-3 for T-72,
Capabilities:-
1. Matching mobility.
2. All minor repairs and important field repairs.
3. Recovery and Towing away of battle and mine causalities.
4. Major lifting capabilities.
5. Dozing capability.
6. Replacement of major assemblies including engine and gear box
Ancillary works.
7. Limited fire power and smoke generation for concealment and
camouflage.
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BPz3 "Buffel", German Army.
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Armoured Engineer Vehicle (AEV).
It is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used for all types
of combat engineering tasks.
Capabilities:-
1. Matching mobility.
2. Engineer reconnaissance.
3. Bridging-dry and wet.
4. Demolitions.
5. Mine laying.
6. Mine clearance.
Armoured Engineer Vehicle
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Mine-laying system
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BLT-Bridge Laying Tank
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Command Vehicle (CV) is an armored command vehicle
used within the unit and formation to provide means to;
1. Receive information,
2. Analyze and transmit data, and
3. Control forces carrying out combat missions.
Operational Capability
4. Commanders to see and direct the battle continuously,
5. Maintaining the Common Relevant Operating Picture
(CROP) for all friendly forces within their respective
areas of operation.
6. To synchronize and employ widely dispersed and highly
mobile forces at decisive points of the operation.
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Commanding
Command Tank
Officer
2nd in command Adjutant
Squadron Squadron Squadron
Commander Commander Commander
Control Control Control
Tank Tank Tank
3X troops 3X troops 3X troops
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ANTI AIRCRAFT
VEHICLES
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CV Systems
POWER TO WEIGHT RATIO
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Tank Power(HP) Combat Weight P/W
(ton) (HP/T)
AMX40(French) 1100 43 25.58
Challenger (UK) 1500 62.5 24
Leopard-II (Germany 1500 62 24.19
Merkava-IV (Israel) 1500 65 23
M1A2 (USA) 1500 63 23.8
Leclerc (French) 1500 56.5 26.55
T-72 (Russia) 780 41.5 19.02
T-80 1200 51 21.7
T-90 1000 46.5 21.5
S-Tank (Sweden) 523 39.7 13.2
Type-90 (Japan) 1500 50 30
Arjun (India) 1400 58.5 24
Al Khalid (Pakistan) 1200 48 25
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Over view of Combat Vehicles
World Tanks
United Kingdom
Challenger II
Specifications Remarks
Crew 4 Chobam Armour.
Armament 120 mm Rifled
Excellent
Combat Weight 62500 Kg Gunnery Control
Power to Wt Ratio 19.2
Power Pack 1200 HP Diesel 12 Cyl
Max Speed 56 KMPH
Max range 550 KM
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Over view of Combat Vehicles
World Tanks
United States of America
M1 A2 Abrams
Specifications Remarks
Crew 4 Mass > 30% of
Armament 120 mm Smooth Bore Russian Tank, but
same protection.
Combat Weight 61200 Kg Auto-transmission
Power to Wt Ratio 24.3
Power Pack 1500 HP Gas Turbine
Max Speed 66.8 KMPH
Max range 550 KM
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Overview of Combat Vehicles
World Tanks
France
Leclerc
Specifications Remarks
Crew 3 Integrated
Armament 120 mm Smooth bore Electronics.
Combat Weight 56500 Kg Modular Armour.
Power to Wt Ratio 26.55 Computer can
engage upto 5
Power Pack 1500 HP Diesel 8 Cyl
separate targets in
Max Speed 71 KMPH 5 min
Max range 550 KM
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Over view of Combat Vehicles
World Tanks
Germany
Leopard 2 (Improved)
Specifications Remarks
Crew 4 Good armoured
Armament 120 mm Smooth Bore protection
Combat Weight 62300 Kg Spaced composite
Power to Wt Ratio 24.2 armour.
Power Pack 1500 HP Diesel Turbo Multi-fuel Engine
Max Speed 72 KMPH
Max range 550 KM
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Over view of Combat Vehicles
World Tanks
Israel
Merkava III
Specifications Remarks
Crew 4 Priority on
Armament 120 mm Rifled Protection and
sustainability at
Combat Weight 65000 Kg the cost of
Power to Wt Ratio 23 mobility.
Power Pack 1500 HP Diesel 12 Cyl
Excellent
Max Speed 55 KMPH Gunnery Control
Max range 500 KM
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Over view of Combat Vehicles
World Tanks
Russia
T-90 S
Specifications Remarks
Crew 3 Superior Fire
Armament 125 mm Smooth bore power and
protection
Combat Weight 47500 Kg
Power to Wt Ratio 27.3
Power Pack 840-1250 HP Diesel
Max Speed 65 KMPH
Max range 550 – 700 KM
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Over view of Combat Vehicles
World Tanks
India
Arjun Mk II
Specifications Remarks
Crew 4 Excellent Fire
Armament 120 mm Rifled control system
Combat Weight 68500 Kg
Power to Wt Ratio 20.4
Power Pack 1400 HP Diesel
Max Speed 58 KMPH
Max range 450 KM
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Overview of Combat Vehicles
Discussion
