Opening

Prayer
Quiet Time
 Report in

UCSP
Group 7
 Some call it
Evolution
& some call it
God.
-Charles Darwin
 Bi ol ogi c a l E vo l u t i on
o f M a n e fr om
Did we e vo l v
monkeys?

ow di d h uma n ev o l v e ?
H
How did hu m a n ev ol v e
bi ol o gi c al l y ?

I c ome fro m?
Where did
Intro:
• Human biological evolution has already
come a long way.
• However, according to scientists of the
natural sciences, our evolutionary process
has not ended yet.
• This would mean that, as the world changes,
humanity continues to evolve too.
 THE
MEANING
AND
SIGNIFICAN
CE OF
HUMAN
 Evolution
• the process of developing physical and
biological change in a species over a period of
time
• Natural changes and events forced species to
adapt to the environment, while some faced
extinction for being unable to do so.
• the change in the characteristics of a species over
several generations and relies on the process of
natural selection
 Evolution
• Human evolution, however, must not be seen as
a linear process.
• the most well-known theory of human biological
development is Charles Darwin's Theory of
Evolution
this proposed that the current human race spurred
from a line of primates that evolved through
''survival of the fittest'', wherein primitive species
competed among each other for survival
Photo of Photo of Photo of
Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens

Transition from Early to Modern Humans

Transition from Early to Modern
Humans
The biological transition of humans from
its earliest state to its current physical and
biological makeup took millions of years to
complete. Despite this, scientists, through
the help of archaeological evidence and
modern technology, were able to identify
and distinguish distinct transitional stage of
human evolution. These stages are:
 Transition stage: homo habilis
PERIOD OF EXISTENCE: 2.5-1.4
million years ago
Distinct Features:

• Development bipedalism

• Brain size was estimated to be 35% larger than the

Australopithecus africanus
• Had smaller teeth compared to australopithecines

• Diet included a variety of plants and meats

Photo of Photo of Photo of
homo habilis australopithecus australopithecines
africanus

Transition from Early to Modern Humans

 Homo Habilis
• the Homo Habilis was one of the earliest species
of the genus Homo
• it had more distinct human features than the
Australopithecines, an earlier classification of
hominins
• despite significant human features, the Homo
habilis still bore apelike features
• it was given the nickname ''handy man'' upon its
discovery in 1960 because it was believed to be
one of the first users of stone tools
 Transition stage: homo erectus
PERIOD OF EXISTENCE: 1.9 million
years ago
Distinct Features:

• Further enhanced bipedal activities

• Characterized by strong muscles at the back of the

neck, shallow forehead, and elongated brain case.

• Diet included an increased consumption of meat.

 Homo Erectus
• The Homo erectus was believed to have lived in
Africa and parts of Europe or Asia.
• The Homo erectus is credited as the species that
earned how to control fire
• Fossil remains of the species found in Africa,
Southeast Asia, South Asia and Europe suggest
that Homo erectus became extinct some 200,000
years ago.
 Transition stage: homo sapiens
PERIOD OF EXISTENCE: 400,000 years
ago to present
Distinct Features:

• Average brain capacity of 82 cubic inches.

• Characterized by high forehead, small teeth and

jaw, and defined chin.
• Constructed and used tools for survival.
• Developed a symbolic communication system.
 Homo Sapiens
• The Homo sapiens is the species where all
present humans beings belong.
• The name was coined from Carolus Linnaeus
extensive studies on taxonomy.
Based on Linnaeus studies on fossils presumed to be of the
Homo sapiens, the species physical developments were closer
to the biological characteristics of current humans than of apes.
As such, it was given the nickname, ''the wise man'' by
anthropologists.
 The Significance of Artefactual Evidence in Understanding
Evolution
Artefactual evidence is the only source of knowledge in
understanding the lifestyle and developments that
occurred in each transitional stage of human evolution.
Early human species were discovered through fossils
which are remains hardened in rock. Scientists study the
structure, shape and development of skeletal properties
including head shape and teeth to determine biological
differences across early to modern species.
Artefactual evidence can also include tools that are used
for hunting and gathering or symbolic writing found in
caves. As mentioned previously, these were used by the
Homo erectus, though scientist are still hoping to find
further evolutionary data on other species.
The Significance of Artefactual Evidence in Understanding
Evolution
Below are some authentic examples of artefactual
evidence that greatly contributed to understanding
human evolution:
• An antelope leg bone with cut marks was recently
discovered in Africa, This prehistoric tool served as
evidence for early hunting practices and carnivorous
diet among early stone-tool making humans, the
Oldowan hominin.
• A cave discovered in South Africa
with carbonized leaves and grasses
made archeologists believe that
cooking food was practiced by early
humans.
 Appreciating the Past through the Present
It is important for modern humans to learn about
their origins and developments. Nowadays,
technological advances have made delving into the
past more accessible. Interactive and national
museums, for example, make a great venue for
learning more about the prehistoric past. The great
biological evolution that the human species has been
through was complex and developmental. As human
beings, we are called to understand and appreciate
these advances.
 History Maker
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
• was an English biologist, naturalist and
geologist best known for his extensive
contributions to the study of evolution
• he was born Charles Robert Darwin on
February 12, 1809 in England
• he is considered to be the '' father of
evolution''
• his theory of evolution that focused on
natural selection became the
foundation of modern evolutionary
studies
• Darwin's theory of evolution was
developed after his voyage in 1839, but
only publicly reported his findings in
1859 through his book On the Origin
of Species.
Quiz time!

Thank You
Quiz time!

for listening!

Quiz time!

Quiz time!
 A. Write true if the statement is correct and change the
underlined letter if the statement is wrong.
• Homo habilis brain size was estimated to be 35%
Quiz larger than the Australopethicus africanus.

To learn, you have • Homo sapiens has average brain capacity of 62 cubic
inches.
to listen.
• Early human species were discovered through fossils
To improve, you which are remains hardened in rock.
have to try • It is important for modern human to learn about their
-Thomas Jefferson
origin and culture.
• Evolution is the process of developing mental and
biological change in a species over a period of time.
 B. Multiple Choice
6. It is the ability to walk upright.
Quiz a. bipedal
To learn, you have b. bipedalism
to listen. c. bipedanism
To improve, you 7. The earliest species of the genus Homo.
have to try a. Homo Habilis
-Thomas Jefferson
b. Homa Habilis
c. Homo Habiles
 8. Darwin's theory of evolution was developed after
his voyage in 1839, but he only publicly reported his

Quiz findings in 1859 through his book

a. On the Origin of the Species
To learn, you have
b. Survival of the Fittest
to listen.
c. Theory of Evolution
To improve, you
9. Homo sapiens nickname
have to try
-Thomas Jefferson a. the wise men
b. the handy man
c. the wise man
 10. The only source of knowledge in
Quiz understanding the lifestyle and the
To learn, you have developments that occurred in each transitional
to listen. stage of human evolution
To improve, you a. Artifactual evidence
have to try b. Artefactual evidence
-Thomas Jefferson
c. Actefactual evidence
Closing
Prayer
Quiet Time