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Introduction To SDR

John Ackermann, president of Tucson Amateur Packet Radio (TAPR), summarizes TAPR's work developing digital radio technologies including the TNC-1/2 packet nodes and current projects like software defined radio and spread spectrum radio. TAPR publishes the quarterly journal PSR and hosts an annual conference on digital communications. The DSP-10 software defined radio project demonstrated that amateur radio experimentation can bring analog and digital technologies together through software radio approaches.

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Kun Hua
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175 views

Introduction To SDR

John Ackermann, president of Tucson Amateur Packet Radio (TAPR), summarizes TAPR's work developing digital radio technologies including the TNC-1/2 packet nodes and current projects like software defined radio and spread spectrum radio. TAPR publishes the quarterly journal PSR and hosts an annual conference on digital communications. The DSP-10 software defined radio project demonstrated that amateur radio experimentation can bring analog and digital technologies together through software radio approaches.

Uploaded by

Kun Hua
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TAPR: Tomorrows Ham Radio Technology Today

John Ackermann, N8UR


Tucson Amateur Packet Radio, Inc.

Who am I?
A ham for 25+ years (ex-AG9V, WB9OWI) A lawyer by trade, working for NCR Corp. Active in DXing and Contesting, but became interested in packet radio, joined TAPR, and never looked back
Board member and VP since 1995 Elected President in 2000

Contact Information:
[email protected] or [email protected] http://www.febo.com 01 937 445-2966

What is TAPR?
Founded in Tucson, Arizona in early 1980s; quickly became an international organization Today, over 2000 members worldwide Contact Information:
8987-309 E. Tanque Verde Road Tucson, AZ 85749-9399 USA 01 940 383-0000 [email protected] http://www.tapr.org

Previous TAPR Projects/Products


TNC-1 -- the project that started it all TNC-2 -- the standard TNC
OEMd by AEA, MFJ, PacComm, and others

TrakBox (satellite antenna tracker, with AMSAT) DSP-93 (early DSP modem) 9600 Baud Modem Many Others

TAPR Today
Focused on Enabling Technology
Tools that let hams continue to be on the leading edge

Major Projects:
FHSS Spread Spectrum Radio Software Defined Radio PIC-based Project Kits

Co-Sponsor (with ARRL) of the annual Digital Communications Conference

Current Products
PIC-E -- Universal Packet Radio Encoder T-238 -- One-Wire Weather Station Compact Flash Adapter II Totally Accurate Clock METCON-2 -- Universal Remote Control/Sensor EZ-Trak -- New Generation Satellite Antenna Tracker

Books and Publications


PSR -- TAPRs Quarterly Journal DCC Proceedings Wireless Digital Communications: Design and Theory by Tom McDermott, N5EG Networking Without Wires: TCP/IP over Amateur Radio by John Ackermann, N8UR Spread Spectrum Update edited by Greg Jones, WD5IVD and Steve Bible, N7HPR

TAPRs Online Presence


http://www.tapr.org Mailing lists:
[email protected] (APRS) [email protected] (Packet Networking) [email protected] (Spread Spectrum) Many, many others

File Downloads
APRS software, etc.

What Is a Software Defined Radio (SDR)?


Performs the majority of signal processing in the digital domain using programmable DSPs and hardware support, but some signal processing is still done in the analog domain, such as in the RF and IF circuits.

What Is a Software Radio (SW)?


The ultimate device, where the antenna is connected directly to an A-D/D-A converter and all signal processing is done digitally using fully programmable high speed DSPs. All functions, modes, applications, etc. can be reconfigured by software.

Why Software Defined Radios?


Dale Hatfield, WIFO,
Chief, Office of Engineering and Technology, Federal Communications Commission

This could stimulate a whole new generation of amateur innovation that not only includes the more spectrally efficient systems I mentioned earlier, but also radios that could adapt to their environment as well.
Speech to AMRADs 25th Anniversary Dinner June 17, 2000 http://www.fcc.gov/Speeches/misc/dnh061700.html

Benefits of SDR
Flexible Reduced Obsolescence Enhances Experimentation Brings Analog and Digital World Together

New Breed of Radio


Reprogrammable Multiband/Multimode Networkable Simultaneous voice, data, and video Full convergence of digital networks and radio science.

Block Diagram Software Defined Radio


Antenna

RF

IF

Baseband

Bandpass Filter Local Variable Frequency Oscillator Oscillator (fixed)

ADC/DAC DSP

Block Diagram Software Defined Radio


Antenna

RF

IF

Baseband

ADC/DAC Local Oscillator (fixed)

DSP

Block Diagram Software Radio


Antenna

RF

IF

Baseband

ADC/DAC

DSP

Looking Ahead
Smart Radios that configure themselves to
perform the communications task requested (using different frequency bands, modes, etc.) Cognitive Radios that learn about their environment (e.g., other users nearby, interference, location, elevation) to optimally configure themselves to maximize efficiency and reduce interference.

Technical Challenges
Dynamic Radio ADC/DAC Speed Smart Radio Algorithms

How to Build a SDR


DSP-10 by Bob Larkin, W7PUA
QST - Sep, Oct, Nov 1999 http://www.proaxis.com/~boblark/dsp10.htm http://www.arrl.org/tis/info/vhfproj.html

R2-DSP by Rob Frohne, KL7NA


QST - Apr 1998 http://www.wwc.edu/~frohro/R2_DSP/R2-DSP.html

A Panoramic Transceiving System for PSK31 by Skip Teller, KH6TY and Dave Benson, NN1G
QST - Jun 2000 http://www.arrl.org/tis/info/psk31.html (see also the new 80M Whistler radio by the same folks)

The DSP-10 As a SDR

DSP-10
Constructed by Ernie Manly, W7LHL

143 - 149 MHz

Receive RF Amp
U1,U2

Synthesizer 124.3 to 128.4 MHz 5 kHz Steps

10 MHz Ext. Ref. (Optional)

Synthesizer 19.680 MHz

ANT or XVRTR

J211

TR SW (D2)

2-Pole LC Filter

32 dB Transmit RF Amp
U4,U5

R
TR SW (D1)

143 - 149 MHz

19.665 MHz

28 kHz

J212 J213

150 MHz

4-Pole LC Filter

First Mixer
(U3)

4-Pole Crystal Filter

Second Mixer
(U15)

Low-Pass Filter

Low-Pass Filter

40 dB

IF Amp
Q1, U10A

IF Driver
R
Receiver Second IF 10-20 kHz
TR SW (U11A,U11C)

U109B, Q5,Q6

50 dB

10-20 kHz

90
R
TR SW (U12A,U12B)

Audio Filters DAC


TR SW (U11B)

Audio Power Amp


R
U14
J204

Speaker

ADC

90

SSB and CW Detector Sinewave BFO 12.5 -17.5 kHz

+/-

AGC

LMS Denoise

Microphone PTT CW Key

J102

FFT Spectrum Analyzer


J103

J201

Serial Data to PC

Arc Tangent FM Detector

SW

1024 Points

FM Squelch

Analog Devices EZ-Kit Lite

On 25 February 2001 Ernie, W7LHL, and Larry, W7SZ, were successful with a PUA43 mode QSO on 1296 MHz EME (Moon bounce). They were using a QRP power level of 5-Watts and backyard TVRO dishes of 10 and 12 feet. Copy was Q5 as can be seen on the screen at the left (click on it for a bigger version). They were using a 28 character setting on PUA43 (see below for more information on the PUA43 mode). The extra characters were being used for redundancy in portions of the message. The message would begin to appear in a few minutes, but Q5 copy was taking roughly 15 to 30 minutes per message. They exchanged call signs, grid squares, and confirmations both ways. Copy at W7LHL was not quite as good as for the other direction, but both stations received a complete message in the 28 characters. This was their first attempt at using the 5-Watt level for a QSO. As was reported earlier they had been successful at higher power during January. None of those involved are aware of any previous 5 Watt 1296 MHz EME QSO's although this may well have been done using larger antennas. Any information on this would be appreciated. The PUA43 mode described below is ideal for this type of work. The limits of signal strength have yet to be fully explored. Both Ernie and Larry reported that they were kept busy with antenna pointing and playing screen "anagrams," so were not sure what their patience level might be if the power kept dropping. The nature of the mode is to trade-off time for increased sensitivity.

QRP 5-Watt 1296 EME QSO

Single Yagi, 150 Watt 2-Meter EME QSO


W7SLB and W7PUA demonstrated a QSO on 2-meter EME, using the PUA43 mode of the DSP-10. Single Yagis and transmitter powers of 150 Watts or less were used on both ends of the contact. Details are available on the weak signals page and the linked text

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