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De Module 3 Modelling

A mathematical model expresses a real-world phenomenon using variables, functions, or equations. It is used to understand a phenomenon and make predictions. The modeling process involves formulating a mathematical model based on a real-world problem, solving the model, and interpreting the results. Examples show modeling radioactive decay as an exponential function and modeling temperature change using Newton's law of cooling.

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Janna Mariz Mendoza
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45 views10 pages

De Module 3 Modelling

A mathematical model expresses a real-world phenomenon using variables, functions, or equations. It is used to understand a phenomenon and make predictions. The modeling process involves formulating a mathematical model based on a real-world problem, solving the model, and interpreting the results. Examples show modeling radioactive decay as an exponential function and modeling temperature change using Newton's law of cooling.

Uploaded by

Janna Mariz Mendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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y

Modeling
x

A mathematical model is an expression involving


variables, functions or equations that represents a real-
world phenomenon.
The purpose of a model is to understand a certain
phenomenon and to make predictions about the future
behavior or outcomes of a system, event or quantity.
The figure below illustrates the modeling process:

formulate solve interpret


Real-world Mathematical Mathematical Real-world
Problem Model Conclusions predictions

test
y
Modeling - DECAY
x
Experiments show that at each instant a radioactive
substance decomposes, the rate of decomposition is
proportional to the amount of substance present. Given a
certain initial amount of a radioactive substance, formulate
a differential equation that gives the amount of substance
present at any time later.

dy dy
y   ky
dt dt
Y = concentration /amount of substance
T = time
y

Modeling
x
In physics and engineering applications, we often consider the forces acting
upon an object, and use this information to understand the resulting motion
that may occur. For example, if we start with an object at Earth’s 
surface
, the primary force acting upon that object is gravity. Physicists and
engineers can use this information, along with Newton’s second law of
motion (in equation form F=ma, where F represents force, m represents
mass, and a represents acceleration), to derive an equation that can be
solved.
y

Modeling
x

In Figure 9.1.3 we assume that the only force acting on a baseball is the


force of gravity. This assumption ignores air resistance. The acceleration due
to gravity at Earth’s surface, g, is approximately 9.805m/s^2. We introduce
a frame of reference, where Earth’s  surface is at a height of 0 meters.
Let v(t) represent the velocity of the object in meters per second.
If v(t)>0v, the ball is rising, and if v(t)<0, the ball is falling (Figure).
y

Modeling
x

A baseball is thrown upward from a height of 3 meters above Earth’s 


Surface with an initial velocity
 of 10 m/s, and the only force acting on it is gravity. The ball has a mass
of 0.15 kg at Earth’s 
surface

1.Find the velocity v(t) of the baseball at time t?


2.What is its velocity after 2 seconds?
y

Modeling-Example
A baseball is thrown upward from a height of 3 meters above Earth’s  x
Surface with an initial velocity
 of 10 m/s, and the only force acting on it is gravity. The ball has a mass
of 0.15 kg at Earth’s 
surface

1.Find the velocity v(t) of the baseball at time t?


2.What is its velocity after 2 seconds?
3.Find the position s(t) of the baseball at time tt.
4.What is its height after 2 seconds?
y
Modeling- Temperature
x
Experiment has shown that under certain conditions, a good
approximation to the temperature of an object can be obtained by
using Newton’s law of cooling.

The temperature of a body changes at a rate that is proportional to the


difference in temperature between the outside medium and the body
itself.

du
  k (u1  u2 )
dt
y
Modeling- Temperature
x
u1= represent the temperature of object 1 at a given t
u2= represent the temperature of object 2 at a given t
-k= represents the constant proportionality in the rate of change of
temperature on our object

Thus the equation we have is the differential equation below.

du
  k (u1  u2 )
dt
y
Modeling- Examples
x
Temperature: Assuming an object 10oC is subjected to outside
temperature of 40 oC at a certain time of the day. After 10 minutes
outside the objects temperature rose by 10oC

1.) Determine the K constant of the object?


2.) Determine the temperature of the object after 1 hour of exposure
3.) Determine the time when the object reach 15oC

du
  k (u1  u2 )
dt
y
Modeling- Examples
x
DECAY- Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the quantity of
radium present. Suppose that it is found that in 25 years approximately
1.1% of a certain quantity of radium has decomposed. Determine
approximately how long it will take for one-half the original amount of
radium to decompose? Ans(1566yrs)

TEMPERATURE- at 2:00 PM a thermometer reading 80oF is taken


outside where the air temperature is 20oF at 2:03 PM the temperature
reading yielded by the themometer is 42oF. Later the thermometer is
brought inside where the air is at 80oF at 2:10 pm the reading is 71oF.
When was the thermometer brought indoors? ANS: 2:05 PM

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