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Earthquakes Powerpoint 2

Faults are breaks in the Earth's crust caused by the movement of tectonic plates. There are three main types of faults: normal faults where the crust moves apart, reverse faults where the crust moves together, and strike-slip faults where the crust slides past each other. Earthquakes occur when built-up stress is suddenly released along fault lines, causing the ground to shake. Seismologists study earthquake waves to map faults and understand crustal changes. The deadliest earthquakes in history include one in China in 1556 that killed an estimated 830,000 people.

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78 views20 pages

Earthquakes Powerpoint 2

Faults are breaks in the Earth's crust caused by the movement of tectonic plates. There are three main types of faults: normal faults where the crust moves apart, reverse faults where the crust moves together, and strike-slip faults where the crust slides past each other. Earthquakes occur when built-up stress is suddenly released along fault lines, causing the ground to shake. Seismologists study earthquake waves to map faults and understand crustal changes. The deadliest earthquakes in history include one in China in 1556 that killed an estimated 830,000 people.

Uploaded by

Gian Hipolito
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FAULTS, AND

EARTHQUAKES
What are they?
 Fault: a break or fracture in the crust of Earth.
 Earthquakes: shaking or trembling of the earth
caused by movement along a fault.
Faults
■ Faults are blocks of the earth’s crust that meet together.
Scientists identify four types of faults, characterized by the
position of the fault plane, the break in the rock and the
movement of the two rock blocks.
■ Faults allows the block to move relative to one another.
■ The faults will eventually give way to the pressure causing
earthquakes and creating mountain ranges.
Types of Faults

Strike-slip fault Normal fault Reverse fault


Faults are divided into three main groups:

Normal fault - when two plates are moving apart


and one side of the fracture moves below the
other;
Faults are divided into three main groups:

Normal fault - when two plates are moving apart


and one side of the fracture moves below the
other;
Reverse fault - when two plates collide and one
side of the fracture moves on top of another;
Strike-slip - when two plates slide past each
other.
Timpanogas Cave Faults

A fault is very important to the


cave. Through the fault line the
water can flow through the crack
and form beautiful cave
formations
The definition of an earthquake is…
vibrations that cause the breaking of
rocks.

These vibrations move in all directions


through the earth. They begin at a point
along a fault.
Earthquakes

 ■Earthquakes occur when rock shifts or slips


along fault lines.
 ■Earthquakes generate waves that travel
through the earths surface.
 ■These waves are what is felt and cause
damage around the epicenter of the earthquake.
Focus – point inside the Earth where an
earthquake begins
Epicenter – point on Earth’s surface above focus
WHAT CAUSES EARTHQUAKES?

 Used to describe both sudden slip on a fault,


and the resulting ground shaking and radiated
seismic energy caused by the slip
 Caused by volcanic or magmatic activity,
 Caused by other sudden stress changes in the
earth.
What causes earthquakes?
 Tectonic plates move past each other causing
stress. Stress causes the rock to deform
What Causes an Earthquake?

Cause of Earthquakes
 Aftershocks and Foreshocks
• An aftershock is a small earthquake that
follows the main earthquake.
• A foreshock is a small earthquake that often
precedes a major earthquake.
Seismologists have stations all over the world
that continuously collect information about
earthquakes. This kind of information can help
scientists figure out where larger, more
destructive earthquakes may strike by mapping
out the location of smaller ‘quakes. They also
get a greater understanding of the changes the
earth’s crust makes as the earthquakes occur.

How do they do this???


Earthquakes can also cause landslides, sudden
eruptions as in the case of a hot lava flow from a
volcano or giant waves called tsunamis. Sometimes new
land mass are also formed. Such earthquakes are
attributed with the creation of the greatest undersea
mountain range and the longest land mountain range.
The earthquake that caused the most
destruction in history occurred in the Shansi
province of China on January 23,1556. An
estimated 830,000 people were killed.

The second most destructive earthquake also


occurred in China--in July, 1976--and killed
255,000 people.
Do the Preliminary Activity on page 3 of your
module. You will complete the table by
researching for the cause and effect of an
earthquake.

On page 8 of your module, draw the anatomy


and label each part. And further, explain what
happens between each part that forms an
earthquake.

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