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Conceptual and Associative Meaning

Here are some common lexical relations: - Hyponymy: X is a hyponym of Y if every X is a (kind of) Y. E.g. dog is a hyponym of animal. - Antonymy: X is an antonym of Y if they have opposite meanings. E.g. hot-cold, open-closed. - Meronymy: X is a meronym of Y if X is a part of Y. E.g. wheel is a meronym of car. - Troponymy: X is a troponym of Y if X denotes a manner of Y. E.g. limp is a troponym of walk. -

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Anita Gallegos
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339 views

Conceptual and Associative Meaning

Here are some common lexical relations: - Hyponymy: X is a hyponym of Y if every X is a (kind of) Y. E.g. dog is a hyponym of animal. - Antonymy: X is an antonym of Y if they have opposite meanings. E.g. hot-cold, open-closed. - Meronymy: X is a meronym of Y if X is a part of Y. E.g. wheel is a meronym of car. - Troponymy: X is a troponym of Y if X denotes a manner of Y. E.g. limp is a troponym of walk. -

Uploaded by

Anita Gallegos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEACHING PYRAMID

PRAGMATICS

Ho
w?
t? SEMANTICS
a
wh

SYNTAX

MORPHOLOGY

PHONOLOGY

Why?
In semantic analysis, there is always an attempt to focus on
what the words conventionally mean, rather than on what
an individual speaker might want them to mean on a
particular occasion. (Yule, 2006)
Literal use of a word Different associations
e.g., steel instrument, sharp e.g. pain, drugs, etc.
ODDNESS S

SEMANTIC FEATURES
NP VP
NP
D N V
D N
The hamburger ate the boy

NP VP
NP
D N V D N

The table drinks the coffee.


FEAUTURES OF WORDS (NOUNS)

The………is reading the newspaper.

N [+human]
Semantic AGENT AND THEME
Roles
The boy kicked the ball.

E/A T
The wind blew the man away.

A car ran over the ball.


Instrument and experiencer

The boy cut the rope with an old razor

He drew the picture with a crayon


Instruments
Instrument and experiencer

Feeling

Perception experiencer

State

The boy feels sad.


Location, source and goal

Where an entity is… …on the table… location

Where the entity moves from… …from Chicago… source

Where it moves to is… …to New Orleans… goal


Semantic roles
Semantic roles

The cat […] killed the mouse […].

The girl [….] gave the flowers […] to her mother […].

We can represent these observations in the following way:

KILL [Agent_________________Theme]
GIVE [Agent___________ Theme, Goal]
Semantic roles
How would you define the set of semantic roles for the following
verbs, using the format illustrated? Are there required roles and
optional roles?

break, build, die, eat, fear, kiss, like, occupy, offer, open, put,
receive, send, sneeze, steal, taste, teach, understand, want, write
Lexical relations
“We often explain the meanings of words in terms of their relationships. We
characterize the meaning of each word, not in terms of its component
features, but in terms of its relationship to other words.” (Yule, 2012)

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