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Endomembrane System Summary

The endomembrane system modifies and transports macromolecules within eukaryotic cells. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together to modify proteins and lipids. Vesicles carry cargo from the ER to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. Within the Golgi, macromolecules are further processed and sorted into vesicles which bud off from the trans face. Finally, secretory vesicles containing the finished products travel to their destinations, such as fusing with the cell membrane and releasing their contents extracellularly through exocytosis.

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271 views17 pages

Endomembrane System Summary

The endomembrane system modifies and transports macromolecules within eukaryotic cells. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together to modify proteins and lipids. Vesicles carry cargo from the ER to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus. Within the Golgi, macromolecules are further processed and sorted into vesicles which bud off from the trans face. Finally, secretory vesicles containing the finished products travel to their destinations, such as fusing with the cell membrane and releasing their contents extracellularly through exocytosis.

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Endomembrane System Summary

Dr.
DeBacco
Nucleus – ER – Golgi – Exocytosis
1. Nuclear membrane
2. Nuclear pore
3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (REM)
4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
5. Ribosome attached to REM
6. Macromolecules
7. Transport vesicles
8. Golgi apparatus
9. Cis face of Golgi apparatus
10. Trans face of Golgi apparatus
11. Cisternae of Golgi apparatus
12. Secretory vesicle
13. Cell membrane
14. Fused secretory vesicle releasing contents
15. Cell cytoplasm
16. Extracellular environment
ER and Golgi
• Modifies proteins and lipids

 Receives vesicles from ER on cis (or inner


face)

 Glycosylation (adding a carbohydrate) takes


place

• Packages them in vesicles and prepares for


“shipment” in vesicles from trans (outer) face

 Vesicles containing processed proteins bud


off
Golgi Apparatus
 Series of flattened membrane compartments called
cisternae or “stacks”
 Cis– nearest ER and fuses with ER vesicles
 Medial – middle compartments
 Trans – vesicles bud off
The Golgi Apparatus Summary

 The Golgi is the shipping and receiving center for cell products.

 Many transport vesicles from the ER travel to the Golgi apparatus for
modification of their contents.
 A center of manufacturing, sorting, and shipping
 Consists of flattened membranous sacs—cisternae—looking like a
stack of pita bread.
 The Golgi sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles.
Hormonal secretion can either
be constitutive or regulated according to need:
•In constitutive secretion, hormones are released as they are
produced (vesicles fuse directly with the cell membrane)
•In regulated secretion, hormones are stored in vesicles and only
released following an external signal
Golgi Apparatus In Action
Other Examples:
 Oxytocin
 Melatonin
 Adrenaline
 Digestive enzymes
 Somatostatin
 Keratin
 Fibrinogen
Lysosomes- vesicle containing digestive enzymes that
break down food/foreign particles

 Membrane-bound vesicles (not in


plants)
 Produced by the Golgi apparatus
 Contain powerful digestive enzymes
and are highly acidic
 Digestion of large molecules
 Recycling of cellular resources
 Apoptosis (programmed cell death, like
tadpole losing tail)
 Some genetic diseases
 Tay-Sachs dz-caused by defect in
lysosomal enzyme
Endomembrane System: Summary
 Proteins produced in rough ER and
lipids from smooth ER are carried in
vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

 The Golgi apparatus modifies these


products and then sorts and packages
them into vesicles that go to various cell
destinations.

 Secretory vesicles carry products to the


membrane where exocytosis produces
secretions.

 Lysosomes fuse with incoming vesicles


and digest macromolecules.
Endomembrane System: A Visual Summary
1. Nuclear membrane
2. Nuclear pore
3. Rough endoplasmic
reticulum (rER)
4. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum (sER)
5. Ribosome attached to rER
6. Macromolecules
7. Transport vesicles
8. Golgi apparatus
9. Cis face of Golgi apparatus
10.Trans face of Golgi
apparatus
11. Cisternae of Golgi apparatus

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