.

A SEMINAR POWER POINT PRESENTATION

ON

“STUDY FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE (FRC)”

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Dr. D. Y. PATIL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
LOHEGAON,PUNE.
 STUDY FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
(FRC)

 Name = Anand Yadavrao Yadav

 Class= Third Year Civil Engineering
 Roll No.=01
 Topic = Study Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC)
 Guidance = Prof. Aniket Nemade
 ABSTRACT

 
 The usefulness of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) in various civil engineering
applications is indisputable. Fiber reinforced concrete has so far been
successfully used in slabs on grade, architectural panels, precast products,
offshore structures, structures in seismic regions, thin and thick repairs, crash
barriers, footings, hydraulic structures and many other applications. Fiber
Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is gaining attention as an effective way to improve
the performance of concrete. Fibers are currently being specified in tunneling,
bridge decks, pavements, loading docks, thin unbonded overlays, concrete
pads, and concretes slabs. These applications of fiber reinforced concrete are
becoming increasingly popular and are exhibiting excellent performance.
Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which
increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are
uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel fibers, glass
fibers , synthetic fibers and natural fibers This study presents understanding
srength of fibre reinforced conceret. Mechanical properties and durability of
fiber reinforced concrete. 
 CONTENT
Chapter. Chapter Name
No.
1 INTRODUCTION
2 HISTORY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
3 MIXTURE COMPOSITIONS AND
PLACING

4 SOME EXAMPLES OF FIBER

REINFORCED USED IN
CONSTRUCTION

5 CASTING OF SPECIMENS
 
6 ROLE OF DUCTILITY IN FRP
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

7 CONCLUSION
8 REFERENCES
  
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

 GENERAL Compared to other building materials such as metals and polymers, concrete is significantly more
brittle and exhibits a poor tensile strength. Based on fracture toughness values, steel is at least 100 times more
resistant to crack growth than concrete. Concrete in service thus cracks easily and this cracking creates easy
access routes for deleterious agents resulting in early saturation, freeze-thaw damage, scaling, discoloration
and steel corrosion. The concerns with the inferior fracture toughness of concrete are alleviated to a large
extent by reinforcing it with fibers of various materials. The resulting material with a random distribution of
short, discontinuous fibers is termed fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and is slowly becoming a well-accepted
mainstream construction material. Significant progress has been made in the last thirty years towards
understanding the short and long-term performances of fiber reinforced cementitious materials, and this has
resulted in a number of novel and innovative applications. Concrete is one of the most versatile building
materials. It can be cast to fit any structural shape from a cylindrical water storage tank to arectangular beam
or column in a high rise building. The advantages of using concrete include high compressive strength, good
fireresistance,high water resistance, low maintenance, and long service life. Thedisadvantages of using
concrete include poor tensile strength, low strainof fracture and formwork requirement. The major
disadvantage is that concrete develops micro cracks during curing. It is the rapid propagation of these micro
cracks under applied stress that is responsible for the low tensile strength of the material. Hence fibers are
added to concrete to overcome these disadvantages. The addition of fibers in the matrix has many important
effects. Most notable among the improved mechanical characteristics of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) are
its superior fracture strength, toughness, impact resistance, flexural strength resistance to fatigue, improving
fatigue performance is one of the primary reasons for the extensive use of Steel Fibre Reinforced
Concrete(SFRC)in pavements, bridge decks, offshore structures and machine foundation, where the
composite is subjected to cyclically varying load during its lifetime. The main reasons for adding steel fibers
to concrete matrix is to improve the post cracking response of the concrete, i.e., to improve its energy
absorption capacity and apparent ductility and to provide crack resistance and crack control.  
 .
 Also, it helps to maintain structural integrityandcohesiveness in the material. The initial
researches combined with the large volume of follow up research have led to the development
of a wide variety of material formulations that fit the definition of Fibre Reinforced Concrete.
Steel fiber's tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, stiffness modulus and mechanical
deformations provide an excellent means of internal mechanical interlock. This provides a user
friendly product with increased ductility that can be used in applications of high impact and
fatigue loading without the fear of brittle concretefailure.Thus, SFRC exhibits better
performance not only under static and quasi-statically applied loads but also under fatigue,
impact, and impulsive loading.  
  
CHAPTER 2
HISTORY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE :

 A French gardener by name Joseph Moniker first

invented the reinforced concrete in the year 1849. If not
for this reinforced concrete most of the modern
buildings would not have been standing today.
Reinforced concrete can be used to produce frames,
columns, foundation, beams etc. Reinforcement
material used should have excellent bonding
characteristic, high tensile strength and good thermal
compatibility. Reinforcement requires that there shall
be smooth transmission of load from the concrete to the
interface between concrete and reinforcement material
and then on to reinforcement material. Thus the
concrete and the material reinforced shall have the
same strain.
 CHAPTER 3
MIXTURE COMPOSITIONS AND PLACING
 Mixing of FRC can be accomplished by many methods . The mix should have a
uniform dispersion of the fibers in order to prevent segregation or balling of the
fibers during mixing. Most balling occurs during the fiber addition process.
Increase of aspect ratio, volume percentage of fiber, and size and quantity of
coarse aggregate will intensify the balling tendencies and decrease the
workability. To coat the large surface area of the fibers with paste, experience
indicated that a water cement ratio between 0.4 and 0.6, and minimum cement
content of 400 kg/m[3] are required. Compared to conventional concrete, fiber
reinforced concrete mixes are generally characterized by higher cement factor,
higher fine aggregate content and smaller size coarse aggregate. A fiber mix
generally requires more vibration to consolidate the mix. External vibration is
preferable to prevent fiber segregation. Metal trowels, tube floats, and rotating
power floats can be used to finish the surface. Mechanical Properties of FRC
Addition of fibers to concrete influences its mechanical properties which
significantly depend on the type and percentage of fiber. Fibers with end
anchorage and Properties and Applications of Fiber Reinforced Concrete. High
aspect ratios were found to have improved effectiveness. It was shown that for
the same length and diameter, crimped-end fibers can achieve the same
properties as straight fibers using 40 percent less fibers[S]. In determining the
mechanical properties of FRC, the same equipment and procedure as used for
conventional concrete can also be used. Below are cited some properties of FRC
determined by different researchers.
 Compressive Strength:
.

The presence of fibers may alter the failure mode of cylinders, but the fiber effect will
be minor on the improvement of compressive strength values (0 to 15
percent).
 Modulus of Elasticity :
Modulus of elasticity of FRC increases slightly with an increase in the fibers content. It
was found that for each 1 percent increase in fiber content by volume there is an
increase of 3 percent in the modulus of elasticity.
 Flexure :
The flexural strength was reported to be increased by 2.5 times using 4 percent fibers.
 Toughness :
For FRC, toughness is about 10 to 40 times that of plain concrete.
 Splitting Tensile Strength :
The presence of 3 percent fiber by volume was reported to increase the splitting tensile
strength of mortar about 2.5 times that of the unreinforced one.
 Fatigue Strength :
The addition offibers increases fatigue strength of about 90 percent and 70 percent of
the static strength at 2 x 106 cycles for non-reverse and full reversal of loading,
respectively.
 Impact Resistance :
The impact strength for fibrous concrete is generally 5 to 10 times that of plain concrete
depending on the volume of fiber.
 Corrosion of Steel Fibers:
A 1 year exposure of steel fibrous mortar to outdoor weathering in an industrial atmosphere
showed no adverse effect on the strength properties. Corrosion was found to be confined only to
.

fibers actually exposed on the surface. Steel fibrous mortar continuously immerse in seawater for 10
years exhibited a 15 percent loss compared to 40 percent strength decrease of plain mortar.
 Structural Behavior of FRC :
Fibers combined with reinforcing bars in structural members will be widely used in the future. The
following are some of the structural behavior
 Flexure:
The use of fibers in reinforced concrete flexure members increases ductility, tensile strength,
moment capacity, and stiffness. The fibers improve crack control and preserve post cracking
structural integrity of members.
 Torsion :
The use of fibers eliminate the sudden failure characteristic of plain concrete beams. It increases
stiffness, torsional strength, ductility, rotational capacity, and the number of cracks with less crack
width.
 Shear :
Addition of fibers increases shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams up to 100 percent. Addition
of randomly distributed fibers increases shear-friction strength, the first crack strength, and ultimate
strength. Column: The increase of fiber content slightly increases the ductility of axially loaded
specimen. The use of fibers helps in reducing the explosive type failure for columns.
 High Strength Concrete:
Fibers increases the ductility of high strength concrete.
  
CHAPTER 4
SOME EXAMPLES OF FIBER REINFORCED USED IN CONSTRUCTION

 
 1 STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
 Steel fiber-reinforced concrete is basically a cheaper and easier to use
form of rebar reinforced concrete. Rebar reinforced concrete uses steel
bars that are laid within the liquid cement, which requires a great deal of
prep work but make for a much stronger concrete. Steel fiber-reinforced
concrete uses thin steel wires mixed in with the cement. This imparts the
concrete with greater structural strength, reduces cracking and helps
protect against extreme cold. Steel fiber is often used in conjunction with
rebar or one of the other fiber types.
 2 GLASS REINFORCED CONCRETE
 Glass fiber-reinforced concrete uses fiberglass, much like you would find in
fiberglass insulation, to reinforce the concrete. The glass fiber helps insulate the
.

concrete in addition to making it stronger. Glass fiber also helps prevent the
concrete from cracking over time due to mechanical or thermal stress. In addition,
the glass fiber does not interfere with radio signals like the steel fiber reinforcement
does
 Very high tensile strength 1020 to 4080 N/mm2
 Shows comparable improvement in durability to conventional E-glass fiber
 3 SYNTHETIC REINFORCED CONCRETE
 Synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete uses plastic and nylon fibers to
improve the concrete's strength. In addition, the synthetic fibers have a
.

number of benefits over the other fibers. While they are not as strong as
steel, they do help improve the cement pumpability by keeping it from
sticking in the pipes. The synthetic fibers do not expand in heat or
contract in the cold which helps prevent cracking. Finally synthetic fibers
help keep the concrete from spalling during impacts or fires
 CHAPTER 5
CASTING OF SPECIMENS
 The materials were weighed accurately using a digital the mixture machine and
mixed thoroughly for three minutes. Steel fibers were mechanically sprinkled
inside the mixture machine after thorough mixing of the ingredients of concrete.
For preparing the specimen for compressive, tensile, and flexure strength
permanent steel moulds were used.
 Steel moulds ==
 Steel moulds were fabricated to cast the test specimens for panel testing. Six Steel
moulds were fabricated to facilitate simultaneous casting of test panels. Two
different thicknesses were adopted for the panels; the panel sizes adopted were
500×500×50mm and500×500×100mm. Before mixing the concrete the moulds were
kept ready. The sides and the bottom of the all the mould were properly oiled for
easy demoulding.The panel was kept at an angle of 45° and then the concrete was
splashed over the panel from a distance of one meter. Then the top surface was
given a smooth finish.
 CURING OF SPECIMENS  
.

 The test specimens were stored in place free from vibration and kept at
temperature of 27˚±2˚C for 24 hours ± ½ hour from the time of addition of
water to the dry ingredients. After this period, the specimen were marked
and removed from the moulds and immediately submerged in clean fresh
water and kept there until taken out prior to test. The specimens were
allowed to become dry before testing. The panels were cured by dry
curing method, i.e. moist gunny covered over the panels.
  
CHAPTER 6
ROLE OF DUCTILITY IN FRP REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

 The ductility and confinement efficiency can be better improved by

using small GFRP spirals with closer spacing rather than larger
diameters with greater spacing. Ignoring the contribution of GFRP bars
in the design equation underestimated the maximum capacity of the
tested specimens. Sun et al. [3] observed that the GFRP bars can play a
specific role in improving ductility for large-eccentricity specimens
while this effect is weak or insignificant with respect to small-
eccentricity specimens. In the descending section of the load-
deformation curve, the ductility of the GFRP reinforced concrete
columns increased with increases in eccentricity. Therefore, it is
recommended by the author that the configuration of stirrups in GFRP-
RCCs should be strengthened when they are used in a small eccentric
compression environment to improve ductility. Wang and Belarbi [10]
investigate that the concrete properties was improved by adding fibers
with a volume fraction of 0.5% has been proved to be an effective way to
enhance the ductility of FRP reinforced system. When compared to the
companion plain concrete beams, the FRC beams showed more than
30% increase in the ductility index for both untethered and weathered.
 CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION 
 A brief state-of-the-art report on fiber reinforced concrete is presented.
Our understanding of fiber-matrix interaction, reinforcement mechanisms
and performance characteristics is fairly advanced. Fiber reinforced
concrete is a promising material to be used in the Middle-East for
sustainable and long-lasting concrete structures. Its performance has
already been proven in other hot and arid climates and in other
chemically deleterious environments.
 Fiber reinforced concrete pavements prove to be more efficient than
conventional RC pavements, in several aspects Compressive strength for
fibre reinforced concrete is seen to be improved. It can be clearly seen that
strength at 28 days for CSFRC 1% is better than other cases hence
recommended. Tensile strength for fibre reinforced concrete is increased.
Strength at 28 days for HSFRC is better than other cases when compared.
HSFRC seen to given better strength at 3rd day and 7th day as well.
  
CHAPTER 8
REFERENCES
 
 1. 1. R.N. Swamy, “Testing and Test methods of Fiber Cement
Composites”, Published 1978, (pp 42-43).
 2. Surendra P. Shah , James I. Daniel, Darmawan Ludirdja,
“Toughness of Glass Fiber reinforced concrete panels subjected to
accelerated aging”, PCI Journal, September- October 1987, (pp 83-
88). 3. Arnon Bentur and Sidney mindess , “ Fiber reinforced
cementetious composites” , Second edition 2007, chapter 8 4.
Amit rana “ some studies on steel fibre reinforced concrete” , Vol
3,2013. 5. Abdul Ghaffar, Amit S.Chavan, Dr.R.S. Tatwawadi, “
Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete “, International
Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT). 6. Alan
J,Bookes, “ Cladding of Buildings”, Third Edition published 2002.
Thank You !

- Anand Y. Yadav