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FPGA

FPGAs allow logic functions and interconnects to be reconfigured after manufacturing using HDL code. They offer advantages over traditional hardware like lower power, lower costs, and ability to upgrade functionality via software. Early FPGAs had simple gate-level designs programmed via schematics, but VHDL and Verilog HDLs now allow complex designs to be easily represented, simulated, and synthesized. Modern FPGAs contain configurable logic blocks, memory blocks, DSP blocks, and a programmable interconnect matrix. Major FPGA vendors include Xilinx, Altera, and Lattice with applications in aerospace, automotive, communications, data processing and more.

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3K views

FPGA

FPGAs allow logic functions and interconnects to be reconfigured after manufacturing using HDL code. They offer advantages over traditional hardware like lower power, lower costs, and ability to upgrade functionality via software. Early FPGAs had simple gate-level designs programmed via schematics, but VHDL and Verilog HDLs now allow complex designs to be easily represented, simulated, and synthesized. Modern FPGAs contain configurable logic blocks, memory blocks, DSP blocks, and a programmable interconnect matrix. Major FPGA vendors include Xilinx, Altera, and Lattice with applications in aerospace, automotive, communications, data processing and more.

Uploaded by

muhammad
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FPGA

) ) Field programmable gate array

April 2008
• Prepared by :
Muhammad Ziyada
Muhammad Al tabakh
Contents
• Hardware engineers vs software developers
• FPGA Market
• History of FPGA
• Modern developments
• Architecture
• Design and programming
Hardware designers vs software developers
• The hardware engineers roll up their sleeves
and work for months without a break
• software programmers would sit back and
relax, or play ping-pong, until the hardware
was stable.
• the hardware design would quickly become
a hardware redesign for some perceived
deficiency or new feature request
VHDL solution
• In the early days, circuits as gate-level
schematics.
• saved by )HDLs).
• allowed us to describe the functionality
• Allowed design to be quickly and easily
represented and simulated
VHDL
• VHSIC hardware description language
• developed at the behest of the US Department of
Defense
• alternative to huge, complex manuals which were
subject to implementation-specific details
• logic simulators were developed to read the
VHDL files
• logic synthesis tools that read the VHDL
FPGA market
• FPGA Market Will Reach $2.75 Billion by Decade’s
End
FPGA market
• January 2008
• Celoxica Holdings has agreed the $3m sale of its
electronic system level )ESL) business to US firm
Catalytic.
• With this move, we can synthesize the top two
languages for high-level algorithm development
— C and MATLAB — and deliver both software
and hardware implementations
FPGA market
• Aerospace & Defense
• Automotive
• Broadcast Consumer
• Data Processing and Storage
• Industrial / Scientific / Medical
• Wired Communications
• Wireless Communications
FPGA market
Brief history
• the invention of the very first
computers in the 1940's and 1950's
• A Xilinx co-founder, Ross Freeman,
invented the field programmable gate array
in 1984
• FPGA come after many earlier devices
Modern development
• Configurable Logic Blocks
Registers (flip flops) for fast data
storage
. Logic Routing
• Input/Output Blocks
Basic pin logic (flip flops, muxs, etc)
• Block Ram
Internal memory for data storage
• Digital Clock Managers
Clock distribution
• Programmable Routing Matrix
"Pros" and "Cons"
• Pros
Low power consumption; ideal for portable
electronics devices.
Upgradeable using software, instead of extensive
hardware replacement .
Low cost of overhead .
Sometimes replaces as many as twenty traditional
PALs.
Parallel computing possibilities .
"Pros" and "Cons"

• Cons
High cost of fabricating a completely new chip
Size constraints / limitations
More difficult to code & debug
Many applications still are, and may remain, in the
theoretical phase
FPGA vs classical architecture
• Classical operation
Fetch an instruction
Fetch a piece of data
Fetch another piece of data
Perform an operation
Store the result
:
Do the same thing all over again
FPGA vs classical architecture
• y = )a * b) + )c * d) + )e * f) + )g * h);

• the multiplications are performed in parallel


without the need to fetch and decode the
instructions. This results in orders-of-
magnitude speed improvement.
FPGA vs conventional circuit
FPGA Costs
$350
Cost per1 Million Gates

$300
$250
$200
$150
$100
$50
$0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

80’s 90’s Now


The rise of FPGA
• The first devices were primitive diode
matrices used in TV channel selectors,
HAM radio tuners, emerging defense and
space applications.
• replaced by more capable logic devices
based on arrays of combinatorial gates
• dramatic change in reprogram ability, more
flexible interconnect architectures.
The rise of FPGA
• Programmable Logic Arrays )PLA)
The rise of FPGA
• Programmable Array Logic )PAL)
The rise of FPGA
• Complex PLDs )CPLDs)
The rise of FPGA
• Field Programmable Gate Arrays )FPGAs)
Main vendors
• Xilinx spartan and vertix series
ise webback software
• Altera cyclon series
Quartus software
• Mentor Graphic
FPGAdv software
FPGA design

skip
FPGA design
FPGA programming
Languages
HDL languages ) VHDL and VERILOG )
Truth table
Block diagram
Schematic diagram
Flowchart
State machine
And more
VHDL code
LIBRARY ieee ;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.all ;
ENTITY mux2to1 IS
PORT ) w0, w1, s : IN STD_LOGIC ;
f : OUT STD_LOGIC ) ;
END mux2to1 ;
ARCHITECTURE Behavior OF mux2to1 IS
BEGIN
PROCESS ) w0, w1, s )
BEGIN
IF s = '0' THEN
f <= w0 ;
ELSE f <= w1 ;
END IF ;
END PROCESS ;
END Behavior ;;
Soft cores
• MicroBlaze,PowerPC,Nios,… soft
processor
• create complete systems composed of, for
example, an 8- or 16-bit controller, a
UART, and other such I/O devices on a
single programmable chip
Soft processor
References
• Practical FPGA Programming in C
By David Pellerin, Scott Thibault

• Ece230 vhdl lectures


By Khurram Waheed

• VHDL cookbook
By peter j.ashenden
Thank you

Muhammad ziyada
[email protected]
20113246609+
Muhammad al tabakh
[email protected]
20121539035+

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