Scribd
Upload
55 views

VT 4

Borescopes are visual aids used to inspect internal surfaces that are difficult to access, such as jet engines or tanks. Advances in technology allow video equipment to be adapted to portable and robotic devices for remote inspections. Machine vision uses imaging systems and computers to analyze images and make inspection decisions, eliminating human error. Key components of machine vision systems include optics, cameras, frame grabbers, processors, and control software.

Uploaded by

demoknight tf2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views

VT 4

Borescopes are visual aids used to inspect internal surfaces that are difficult to access, such as jet engines or tanks. Advances in technology allow video equipment to be adapted to portable and robotic devices for remote inspections. Machine vision uses imaging systems and computers to analyze images and make inspection decisions, eliminating human error. Key components of machine vision systems include optics, cameras, frame grabbers, processors, and control software.

Uploaded by

demoknight tf2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Optical Aids

• Borescopes are visual aids used for the inspection of internal surface
areas.
• They are designed for remote viewing in difficult to reach areas such as
jet engines, cylinders, tanks, and various enclosed chambers.
• Borescopes are available in many different diameters and lengths, and
are classified as rigid or flexible.
Visual Inspection With A Borescope

Clean Surface Corrosion Damage


Optical Aids
• Advances in technology has allowed video equipment to be
adapted to portable and robotic devices.
• Portable video probes allow inspectors to remotely perform
examinations in closed chambers which are inaccessible by
convention inspection means.
• Robotics have been developed whereby cameras can be affixed
to crawlers and submersibles.
• Retrieval tools can be affixed to robotics to remove foreign
objects.
• Conventional recording techniques may
be employed for image capture and
storage with many of the remote video
inspection methods.
Machine Vision Inspection
Machine Vision – Basic Principles
• Machine vision technology uses an imaging system and a
computer to analyze an image and to make decisions based on
that analysis.
• In inspection applications, the machine vision optics and
imaging system enable the processor to "see" objects precisely
and thus make decisions about which component meet a
specific inspection criteria.
• Machine vision can eliminate human factor error that might
result from doing difficult, tedious, or boring tasks. It also
allows process equipment to be utilized 24 hours a day.
Machine Vision – Basic Principles
The following process steps are common to all machine vision applications:
• Image acquisition: An optical system gathers an image, which is then converted to a digital
format and stored into computer memory.
• Image processing: A computer processor uses various algorithms to enhance elements of the
image that are of specific importance to the process.
• Feature extraction: The processor identifies and quantifies critical features in the image (e.g., the
position of holes on a printed circuit board, the number of pins in a connector, the orientation of
a component on a conveyor) and sends the data to a control program.
• Decision and control: The processor's control program makes decisions based upon the data. Are
the holes within specification? Is a pin missing?
Machine Vision - Applications
As mentioned previously, machine vision is primarily used in production
applications where a large number of components require inspection and
the inspection conditions can be closely controlled. Uses include:

• Assembly verification (caps, fasteners,


electronic board components, etc.)
• Surface inspection (dents, scratches,
porosity.
and other undesirable features)
• Verification of colors, gradients, patterns

in fabrics and labels. Assembly Verification


• Confirmation of proper labeling for
medications, foods and other products.
• Inspection of coating coverage.
• Feature measurements.
Spark Gap Measurement
Machine Vision - Equipment
Key System Elements
• A variety of components are
included in a machine vision
system, which depend on the
environment, the application,
and the budget. However, the
following components are
common to all vision systems :
• Front-end optics: this includes the lighting, the lens, and the camera.
• Frame grabber: this is a computer processor board that accepts the
video input from the camera, digitizes it, and stores it for analysis.
• Processor: A computer processor is required to control the vision
application.
• Control Software: Computer software is used for controlling and
executing vision tasks.
Advantages of Visual Inspection
• Readily used on almost all materials.
• Simple to perform.
• Low in cost, (application dependent).
• Relatively quick.
• Results may be permanently recorded.
• Can be automated.
Limitations of Visual Inspection
• Direct inspections are limited to surfaces only.
• Indirect inspections require greater inspector knowledge and
training.
• Inspector dependent, knowledge of materials and processing,
eye sight.
• Standards (workmanship) may be difficult to obtain.
Glossary of Terms

• Borescope: A visual inspection aid used for the inspection of internal surfaces. Borescopes are
rigid and flexible.

• Corrosion: The deterioration of a metal by chemical or electro-chemical reaction with its


environment.

• Defect: A discontinuity which interferes with the usefulness of a part. A fault in any material or
part which is detrimental to its serviceability.
Glossary of Terms, Cont.

• Direct Visual Inspection: Visual inspection conducted where the eye can be place within 24” of
the area to be inspected at an angle of not less than 30˚.

• Discontinuity: An interruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part.

• Foot Candle: The amount of direct light thrown by one standard candle on a surface one foot
away.
Glossary of Terms, Cont.

• Inherent Discontinuity: Discontinuities which are ordinarily normal to the material at the time it
originally solidifies from the molten state. They consist of porosity, inclusions, and pipe.

• Magnifier: An optical glass which enlarges the real size of an object being inspected

• Micrometer: A precise measuring instrument used to take accurate readings in contact


measurement.
Glossary of Terms, Cont.

• Pocket Comparator: A magnifier with measuring capability through a system of interchangeable


reticles.

• Power of Magnification: The amount that the real size of an object is enlarged. The power if
designated by “X”.

• Remote Visual Inspection: Inspection conducted where the eye cannot be placed within 24” of
the area to be inspected, or at an angle less than 30˚.
Glossary of Terms, Cont.

• Reticle: A series of lines, dots, cross hairs, or wires in the focus of the eyepiece of and optical
instrument.

• Rule or Scale: A measuring device used to make linear measurements.

• Screw Pitch Gages: A visual aid used to check the number of threads per inch and rough
inaccuracies in threads.
Glossary of Terms, Cont.

• Secondary Processing: Metal removal processes, heat treatment and plating processes used to
produce and article of the desired shape and finish from the formed material.

• Service Discontinuity: Discontinuities induced in components after they have been placed in
service.

• Transfer Instruments: A group of instruments used to take measurements which are transferred
to precise direct measuring devices. They consist of calipers, dividers, telescoping gages, and
small hole gages.
Glossary of Terms, Cont.

• Vernier Scale: A device for indicating a fraction of a whole division of a scale reading

• Visual Scale: The ability to see. The keenness of perception.

• Wear: Wear is deterioration due to use. Wear will cause a reduction in cross section and
strength.

• Weld Inspection Gages: A group of measuring devices used to inspect welding fit up and finished
weldments.

You might also like