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CH 08 Packages in JAVA

Can access method A.abc() - Class A, B, C A.xyz() - Class A, B, C, D A.pqr() - All classes B.abc() - Class B C.abc() - Class A, B, C C.xyz() - Class A, B, C, D C.pqr() - All classes D.abc() - Not accessible D.xyz() - Class D D.pqr() - All classes E.abc() - Not accessible E.xyz() - Not accessible E.pqr() - Class E So in summary, default is accessible within package,

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55 views

CH 08 Packages in JAVA

Can access method A.abc() - Class A, B, C A.xyz() - Class A, B, C, D A.pqr() - All classes B.abc() - Class B C.abc() - Class A, B, C C.xyz() - Class A, B, C, D C.pqr() - All classes D.abc() - Not accessible D.xyz() - Class D D.pqr() - All classes E.abc() - Not accessible E.xyz() - Not accessible E.pqr() - Class E So in summary, default is accessible within package,

Uploaded by

Tabassum Maktum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Packages in JAVA

Packages
collection of classes and interfaces
provides a unique namespace for the classes.
declaration resides at the top of a Java source file.
Eliminates naming conflicts
Class that reside inside a package cannot be referred by their
own name alone.
The package name has to precede the name of the class of
which it is a part of.
All classes are part of some or the other package.
If the package keyword is not used in any class for mentioning
the name of the package, then it becomes part of the
default/unnamed package.
Package
Types of packages

 In-built:- provided in java library

 User defined:- defined by user


In-built package
Those which are available in java library
Used to make use of existing classes and interfaces
Eg:- java.lang
java.util
java.awt
java.applet etc…
To import in-built package in JAVA programs
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
Any number of import statements can be given.
To create user defined package
Use package keyword
Is very first statement in JAVA program
package pkg_name;
if you want to create sub-packages
package rootPackage.subPackage1;
Must have exactly one public class
If you want more than one public class in same package then
create different files for each public class.
Save JAVA program with public class class_name
. public class class_name {
}
How to write package program
File1: class_name.java File2: main_class.java

package mypack; import mypack.*;


public class class_name class main_class
{ {
//Body of class //Body of main class
} }
class another_class_name
{
}
How to save package program
Create folder with name similar to package name.
Save the program with file name similar to the name of the
public class in your package.
Save the program which imports the package outside the
package folder.
main_folder

mypack
main_class.java
class_name.java
Compiling and executing packages
compiling the class from our package
 mypack>javac class_name.java
executing the class from main_folder
 Set classpath
main_folder>set classpath =“.;\main_folder\mypack\”;
 To compile main program

main_folder>javac main_class.java
 To execute main program

\main_folder>java main_class
Wap to create user defined package with Student class and
display students information.
package studentpkg; import studentpkg.Student;
public class Student
import java.util.*;
{
public int rno; class PackageDemo
public String name; {
public static void main(String args[])
public Student(int r, String n)
{
{
rno=r; Student s1=new Student(101,"JOHN");
name=n; s1.display();
} }
public void display()
}
{
System.out.println("Roll No= "+rno);
System.out.println(“Name="+name); Output
} Roll No=101
} Name=JOHN
Compiling and executing package program
To compile class in user defined package
D:\div-a\studentpkg> javac Student.java
To set class path
D:\div-a>set classpath=“.;d:\div-a\studentpkg\”;
To compile main program
D:\div-a>javac PackageDemo.java
To execute main program
D:\div-a>java PackageDemo
Access protection
Access specifier use

default Public members are accessible everywhere in a given


package

public Public members are accessible everywhere

protected Protected are accessible everywhere in a package and only


in subclasses from another package

private Private are accessible only within a class


Access Control
public protected default private
Access Modifiers

Access Location

Same Class Yes Yes Yes Yes


sub classes in same Yes Yes Yes No
package

Other Classes in Yes Yes Yes No


Same package

Subclasses in other Yes Yes No No


packages

Non-subclasses in Yes No No No
other packages
Access Specifier Example
Suppose x & y are package
A is a public class within package x
B is another class within package x
C is subclass of A in package x
D is subclass of A within package y
E is class within package y
abc() is a method with default access in class A
xyz() is a method with protected access specifier in class A
pqr() is a method with public access specifier in class A
Access protection

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