Exponential and Logarithmic

Functions
Algebra 2
Chapter 6
• This Slideshow was developed to accompany the textbook
• Big Ideas Algebra 2
• By Larson, R., Boswell
• 2022 K12 (National Geographic/Cengage)
• Some examples and diagrams are taken from the textbook.

Slides created by
Richard Wright, Andrews Academy
[email protected]
6-01 Exponent Properties and e
(5.2, 6.2)
After this lesson…
• I can simplify expressions with exponents.
• I can simplify expressions involving e.
• I can rewrite expressions with e as decimals.
6-01 Exponent Properties and e (5.2, 6.2)
• Using Properties of Rational Exponents
• (Product Property)

• (Power of a Product Property)

• (Power of a Power Property)

• (Quotient Property)

• (Power of a Quotient Property)

• (Negative Exponent Property)

6-01 Exponent Properties and e (5.2, 6.2)
• Simplify the expression. Write your • Try 292#1
answer using only positive
exponents.
• Example 292#3
6-01 Exponent Properties and e (5.2, 6.2)
•e
• Called the natural base
• Named after Leonard Euler who discovered it
• (Pronounced “oil-er”)
• Found by putting really big numbers into = 2.718281828459…
• Irrational number like π
6-01 Exponent Properties and e (5.2, 6.2)
• Simplifying natural base expressions • Try 305#3
• Just treat e like a regular variable
• Example (305#5)
6-01 Exponent Properties and e (5.2, 6.2)
• Evaluate the natural base • Try 305#31
expressions using your calculator
• Example 305#29
• Rewrite in the form
6-01 Exponent Properties and e (5.2, 6.2)
• Assignment (20 total)
• Properties of Exponents: 292#1-4;
• Simplifying e: 305#1-10 odd;
• Changing e to decimal: 305#25-28 all;
• Mixed Review: 306#43, 45, 51, 53 (no graph), 55 (no graph)
6-02 Exponential Growth and
Decay Functions (6.1)
After this lesson…
• I can identify and graph exponential growth and decay functions.
• I can write exponential growth and decay functions.
• I can solve real-life problems using exponential growth and decay functions.
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
8-1 Exponential Growth
WRIGHT
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
Work with a partner.
Calculate how much time you will spend on your homework the last week of
the 36-week school year. You start with 1 second of homework on week one
and double the time every week.
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Exponential Function
• y = bx
• Base (b) is a positive number
other than 1

• Exponential Growth
• Always increasing and rate of
change is increasing
• b>1
• y-intercept is (0, 1)
• Horizontal asymptote y = 0
• b is the growth factor
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Exponential Decay
• Always decreasing and rate of
change is decreasing
• 0<b<1
• y-intercept is (0, 1)
• Horizontal asymptote y = 0
• b is the decay factor
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Example 298#9
• Determine whether each function
represents exponential growth or
exponential decay. Then graph the
function.
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Try 298#11
• Determine whether each function
represents exponential growth or
exponential decay. Then graph the
function.
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Exponential Growth Model (word • Exponential Decay Model (word
problems) problems)

• y = current amount • y = current amount

• a = initial amount • a = initial amount
• r = growth percent • r = decay percent
• 1 + r = growth factor • 1 – r = decay factor
• t = time • t = time
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Example: 298#20
• The population P (in millions) of Peru during a recent decade can be
approximated by , where t is the number of years since the beginning of
the decade.
• (a) Determine whether the model represents exponential growth or decay

• (b) identify the annual percent increase or decrease in population

• (c) Estimate when the population was about 30 million

6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Try 298#19
• The value of a mountain bike y (in dollars) can be approximated by the
model , where t is the number of years since the bike was purchased.
• (a) Determine whether the model represents exponential growth or decay

• (b) Identify the annual percent increase or decrease

• (c) Estimate when the value of the bike will be $50

6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Compound Interest • Example: 299#39
• Find the balance in the account
• A = amount at time t earning compound interest after 6
• P = principle (initial amount) years when the principal is $3500.
• r = annual rate r = 2.16%, compounded quarterly
• n = number of times interest is
compounded per year

• Try 299#41
6-02 Exponential Growth and Decay Functions (6.1)
• Assignment: 20 total
• Graphing Exponential Growth and Decay: 298#7-15 odd
• Exponential Growth and Decay Models: 298#19-22, 44
• Compound Interest: 299#35, 39, 40, 41, 42
• Mixed Review: 300#53, 54, 55, 61, 63
6-03 Rewrite Exponential as
Logarithmic Functions (6.3)
After this lesson…
• I can evaluate logarithms.
• I can rewrite exponential equations as logarithmic equations.
• I can rewrite logarithmic equations as exponential equations.
6-03 Rewrite Exponential as Logarithmic Functions
(6.3)
• Logarithms are exponents • Try 312#15
• exponent of b to get a
• Example: 312#13
6-03 Rewrite Exponential as Logarithmic Functions
(6.3)
• Calculator has two logs • Try 312#25
• Common Log: log =

• Natural Log: ln =

• (Some calculators can do log of any

base.)
• Example: 312#23
6-03 Rewrite Exponential as Logarithmic Functions
(6.3)
• Definition of Logarithm with Base b

• Read as “log base b of y equals x”

• Logs = exponents!!

• Logs and exponentials are inverses

• They undo each other
• They cancel each other out
6-03 Rewrite Exponential as Logarithmic Functions
(6.3)
• Example: 312#1 • Try 312#7
• Rewrite as an exponential • Rewrite as a log
6-03 Rewrite Exponential as Logarithmic Functions
(6.3)
• Simplify log expressions • Try 312#35
• If exponential with base b and log
with base b are inside each other,
they cancel
• Example: 312#31
6-03 Rewrite Exponential as Logarithmic Functions
(6.3)
• Assignment (20 total)
• Evaluate logs: 312#13, 15, 17, 23, 25
• Rewrite logs as exponentials: 312#1, 3, 5
• Rewrite exponentials as logs: 312#7, 9, 11
• Simplify expressions: 312#31, 33, 35, 37
• Mixed Review: 314#75, 77, 79, 83, 85
6-04 Logarithmic Properties (6.5)
After this lesson…
• I can expand logarithms.
• I can condense logarithms.
• I can evaluate logarithms using the change-of-base formula.
6-04 Logarithmic Properties (6.5)
• Product Property

• Quotient Property

• Power Property
6-04 Logarithmic Properties (6.5)
• Expand logarithms • Try 327#15
• Rewrite as several logs

• Example: 327#13
6-04 Logarithmic Properties (6.5)
• Condense logs • Try 327#23
• Try to write as a single log

• Example: 327#25
6-04 Logarithmic Properties (6.5)
• Change-of-Base Formula • Try 327#29
• Evaluate
• This lets you evaluate any log on a
calculator

• Example: 327#31
• Evaluate
6-04 Logarithmic Properties (6.5)
• Assignment: 20 total
• Expand logs: 327#11-17 odd
• Condense logs: 327#21-27 odd
• Change-of-base formula: 327#29-35 odd
• Problem Solving: 327#37-38 (Use )
• Mixed Review: 328#46, 47, 51, 57, 59, 61
6-05 Graph Exponential and
Logarithmic Functions (6.4)
After this lesson…
• I can graph exponential functions.
• I can graph logarthmic functions.
• I can find inverses of exponential and logarithmic functions.
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Exponential Function
• y = bx
• Base (b) is a positive number other
than 1
• In general

• a is vertical stretch
• If a is −, reflect over x-axis
• c is horizontal shrink
• Shrink by
• h is horizontal shift
• k is vertical shift
• Horizontal asymptote: y = k
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Graph Exponential Functions
• Find and graph the horizontal
asymptote
• Make a table of values
• Plot points and draw the curve
• Make sure the curve is near
the asymptotes at the edge of
the graph
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Example: 320#17
• (a) Describe the transformations. (b)
Then graph the function.
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Try 320#15
• (a) Describe the transformations. (b)
Then graph the function.
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Logarithmic Function

• Base (b) is a positive number

other than 1

• Logarithms and exponentials are

inverses
• x and y are switched
• Graphically, reflected over y = x
• Horizontal asymptote becomes
vertical asymptote
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• In general • Graph Logarithmic Functions
• Find and graph the vertical
• a is vertical stretch asymptote
• Make a table of values
• If a is −, reflect over x-axis
• You may need to use the
• c is horizontal shrink
change-of-base formula
• Shrink by
• Plot points and draw the curve
• h is horizontal shift
• Make sure the curve is near
• k is vertical shift the asymptotes at the edge of
• Vertical asymptote: x = h the graph
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Example: 320#27
• (a) Describe the transformations. (b)
Then graph the function.
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Try 320#25
• (a) Describe the transformations. (a)
Then graph the function.
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Find the inverse • Try 313#51
• Isolate log or exponential part
• Switch x and y
• Then rewrite as exponential or
log
• Example: 313#47
6-05 Graph Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
(6.4)
• Assignment: 15 total
• Graph Exponential Functions: 320#15, 17, 21
• Graph Logarithmic Functions: 313#57, 59; 320#25, 27
• Find Inverses: 313#43, 45, 47, 51
• Mixed Review: 322# 53, 55, 62, 65
6-06 Solve Exponential and
Logarithmic Equations (6.6)
After this lesson…
• I can solve exponential equations.
• I can solve logarithmic equations.
6-06 Solve Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
(6.6)
• Solving Exponential Equations • Try 334#1
• Method 1) if the bases are equal,
then exponents are equal
• Example: 334#3
6-06 Solve Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
(6.6)
• Solving Exponential Equations • Try 334#11
• Method 2) take log of both sides
• Example: 334#9
6-06 Solve Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
(6.6)
• Solving Logarithmic Equations • Try 334#19
• Method 1) if the bases are equal,
then logs are equal
• Example 334#17
6-06 Solve Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
(6.6)
• Solving Logarithmic Equations • Try 334#22
• Method 2) exponentiating both
sides
• Make both sides exponents
with the base of the log
• Example: 334#21
6-06 Solve Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
(6.6)
• Assignment (20 total)
• Solve Exponential Equations: 334#1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13
• Solve Logarithmic Equations: 334#17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29
• Mixed Review: 336#75, 77, 79, 83, 87
6-07 Modeling with Exponential
and Logarithmic Functions (6.7)
After this lesson…
• I can use a common ratio to determine whether data can be represented by
an exponential function.
• I can use technology to find exponential models and logarithmic models for
sets of data.
6-07 Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions (6.7)
• Choosing Functions to Model Data
• For equally spaced x-values
• If y-values have common ratio (multiple)  exponential

• If y-values have finite differences  polynomial

6-07 Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions (6.7)
• Determine the type of function • Try 342#1
represented by each table.
• Example: 342#3
6-07 Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions (6.7)
• Use the regression feature on a • NumWorks
graphing calculator • Choose Regression from homescreen
• TI-84
• In Data tab, enter points
• Enter points in STAT  EDIT
• Go to Graph tab
• To see points go Y= and
highlight Plot1 and press • To change regression type, press
ENTER to keep it highlighted OK and choose a different
regression
• Press Zoom and choose
ZoomStat • Read the answer off the bottom of
the graph
• Go to STAT  CALC  ExpReg for
exponential OR LnReg for
logarithmic
6-07 Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions (6.7)
• Determine whether the data show • Try 342#19
an exponential relationship. Then
write a function that models the
data.
• Example 342#20
6-07 Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions (6.7)
• Assignment: 15 total
• Determine Type of Model: 342#1-4
• Find Model from Table: 342#19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 31, 32
• Mixed Review: 344#39, 41, 47, 49