Bureau of Fire Protection

- Through the enactment of the RA 6975,also known as the DILG Act of

1990, the Fire Service was separated from the PC-INP as a separate and
distinct agency as Bureau of Fire Protection on August 2, 1991.

- BFP is mandated to prevent and suppress destructive fires, conduct

investigation, provide emergency medical and rescue services and
enforce the Republic Act 9514.
The Revised Fire Code of the Philippines
and its Implementing Rules and Regulations
(R.A. 9514)

• Fire Safety Inspections

• Fire Safety Seminar
• Fire Drills
• Fire Brigade for establishments employing at least 50 persons
Fire – The active principle of burning, characterized by the heat and light of
combustion (RA 9514). It is a rapid oxidation process accompanied with the
evolution of light and heat of varying intensities
 The Tetrahedron of Fire
Oxygen Sources Heat Sources
Approximately 16% To Reach Ignition Temperature
Required Open Flames - The Sun
Normal air contains Hot Surfaces
21% O2. Some fuel Sparks and Arcs
Friction - Chemical Action
materials contain
Electrical Energy
sufficient oxygen within
Compression of Gases
their makeup to support
burning.
CHEMICAL
REACTION

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Bulky - Dust Gasoline Kerosene Natural Gas Propane
Finely Divided Coal Turpentine Alcohol Butane Hydrogen
Wood Paper Liver Oil Paint Acetylene
Cloth Plastic Varnish Lacquer Carbon Monoxide
Grain Others Olive Oil Others
STAGES
OF FIRE
GNITION STAGE
• Point wherein the fire starts
• There is plenty of oxygen, little heat
and smoke
• Fire is still small and generally
confined to the fuel that initially
ignited
ROWTH STAGE
• Temperature and smoke level increases
• Oxygen level decreased and the fuel is already
dried out
• Hot gasses rise to the ceiling and spreads outward
the walls
• Can be continuous if there is enough fuel and
oxygen
• The smoke layer is getting thicker and fire is
starting to spread to nearby furniture
FLASH OVER
• Transition between growth and fully
developed stage
• Presence of huge smoke which indicates the
rapid change of situation
• May involve exposed combustibles
• Increasing level of smoke with decreased
visibility
• Gasses are generated by heat
FULLY DEVELOPED
• All combustibles materials present are
continuously burning
• Maximum amount of heat is released
• The volume of fire is dependent of the
number and size of ventilation openings

• Unburned gasses begin flowing to adjacent

spaces and ignite once it enters a space
where air more abundant
DECAY
• Intensity of fire decreasing due to lack of
available fuel

• Most of fuel consumed

• Effort concentrated on cooling of the

remaining fuel
 METHODS OF
HEAT TRANSFER

1. By Radiation
2. By Convection
3. By Conduction
4. By Direct Contact
Radiation

Radiation is the transmission of heat energy

through electromagnetic wave.
12
Convection

HEAT
Convection is the transfer of heat energy by the
movement of heated fluids.
13
 M
Ordinary combustible materials E
T
A
L

Heat Transfer by Conduction. It is the transmission of

heat from one body to another. It is the transfer of heat
from one molecule to another molecule
Fire Extinguishment Theory

•Cooling-temperature reduction
•Smothering-oxygen dilution
•Fuel Removal
•Inhibition-breaking the chemical
reaction
REDUCTION OF HEAT

1. Use something that absorb heat

2. Use water being the best cooling agent
3. Use foam which contains 94% water
. EXCLUSION OR DEPRIVATION OF OXYGEN
 Secure the door at close position
 Displacement or diluting oxygen by means of CO2
 Blanketing- using wet blanket as foam
REMOVAL OF FUEL
 Shut off fuel supply
 Relocate flammable/ combustible materials
INHIBITION OF CHAIN REACTION or breaking
the combustion Chain
 Classification of Fire
A fire is classified according to the fuel it consumes

CLASS A
Ordinary combustibles or
fibrous material, such as
wood, paper, cloth,
rubber and some plastics.
CLASS B
Flammable or
combustible liquids such
as gasoline, kerosene,
paint, paint thinners and
propane.
CLASS C
Energized electrical
equipment, such as
appliances, switches,
panel boxes and power
tools.
CLASS D
Certain combustible metals,
such as magnesium, titanium,
potassium and sodium. They
may react violently with water
or other chemicals, and must
be handled with care.

CLASS K
Fires involving
combustible cooking
fluids such as oils and
fats.
 FIRST AIDE FIRE
FIGHTING APPLIANCE
Fire Extinguisher
is a handy, first aid fire fighting
-

equipment
Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
 HOW TO USE A
FIRE EXTINGUISHER

•P – Pull the pin

•A – Aim the nozzle
•S – Squeeze the lever
•S – Sweep side to side at the
base of the fire
Classifications of Fire
Extinguishers
Hexafluoropropane HFC-236fa (FE-36)
- Clean Agent

• an environmentally preferred
alternative to Halon with zero-
Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP);
• Montreal Protocol & RA 8749 (aka
The Philippine Clean Air Act)
compliant
• Recommended for A, B and C Types
of fire
Dry Chemical
• Today’s most widely used type
of fire extinguisher is the
multipurpose dry chemical that
is effective on Class A, B and C
fires. This agent also works by
creating a barrier between the
oxygen element and the fuel
element on Class A fires.
Aquaeuos Film Forming
Foam (AFFF)
• This type of fire extinguisher puts out the
fire by taking away the heat element of
the fire triangle. Foam agents separate
the oxygen element from the other
elements
• Water extinguishers are for Class A fires
only – although they can sometimes be
used on Class B fires. The discharge
stream could spread the flammable
liquid in a Class B fire if the mixture of the
fire agent is inaccurate, or could create a
shock hazard on a Class C fire.
Wet Chemical is a new agent that extinguishes
the fire by removing the heat of the fire triangle
and prevents re-ignition by creating a barrier
between the oxygen and fuel elements.

Wet Chemical or Class K extinguishers were

developed for modern, high efficiency deep fat
fryers in commercial cooking operations. Some
may be used on Class A fire in commercial
kitchens.

Dry Powder extinguishers are similar to

dry chemical except that they
extinguish the fire by separating the
fuel from the oxygen element or by
removing the heat element of the fire
triangle.

However, dry powder extinguishers are

for Class D or combustible metal fires
only. They are ineffective on all other
classes of fires.
 FIRE DRILL
is an exercise or practice that teach the people on how to
leave the building safely.
∞PURPOSE OF FIRE DRILL:
1. Ensure the efficient and safe of exits
2. Help prevent panic
3. Occupants participating in a drill learns to:
a. locate the fire exits of the building
b. leave the building/house in a smooth, safely, orderly and
disciplined manner
c. recognize or familiarize the actual sound of the fire alarm
system
d. assemble at the designated evacuation area
Fire Marshal (FM)
• During emergencies, the FM should have a complete monitoring and
supervision of the situation
• The FM must be able to immediately set up a Command Post
• The FM must immediately have an available copy of the floor plan/lay
out of the building
• The FM should regularly organize fire safety seminars and drills for the
building fire brigade and occupants
`

Bureau of Fire Protection

Makati City Fire Station
Assistant Brigade Marshal (ABM)

• During an emergency, the ABM should take charge of the situation in the
absence of the BM
• Must provide full assistance to the BM on the supervision of fire brigade

Communication Team
• Upon confirmation that fire is positive, the assigned communication
team must immediately call the nearest fire station or any provided
emergency hotline
• Must be always prepared to give public address in case of evacuation
Firefighting Team

• Must have at least 4 members to act as Nozzle man, Back-up, Line man
and Valve operator
• Upon verification of a reported fire, the first responders (2 persons)
must bring 2 fire extinguishers and a handheld radio
• They are responsible in immediately informing the BM/Communication
team if the fire is positive
• Must be able to provide quick assessment if the fire is uncontrollable
Evacuation Team

• Must have atleast 2 members per floor

• They are responsible for providing full assistance on the proper
evacuation of all the occupants of the building
• Should be familiar with all the entry and exit points of the building
including the designated evacuation area
Security/Traffic Team

• All security personnel are automatically designated as Security/Traffic team

members

• Should know the roles/responsibilities of ALL the fire brigade members

• During a fire emergency, 1 security personnel must serve as a fireman’s

guide and assist the responding BFP personnel on the exact location of the
fire scene
Security/Traffic Team

• The team must ensure the safety of the evacuation area and assist the
police in crowd control

• All the members are required to be familiar with the lay-out of the
building giving much emphasis on the location of the utility rooms
and/or tenants storing high hazard equipment (i.e server rooms)
Rescue Team
• Once the evacuation signal/alarm is sounded, the rescue team shall
conduct initial search & rescue procedures on the building

• Must immediately bring the victims at the designated first aid station

Salvage Team
• During a fire emergency, the salvage team is responsible for saving
savable properties within the fire scene or those properties that can be
saved from further damage to lessen the amount of damages
First Aid Team

• Responsible for the proper and immediate application of Basic First Aid
to the victims
• Must monitor the hospitals wherein the victims were brought
• Should be properly trained in Basic First Aid and CPR
Fire Safety Personnel

• Responsible for the daily monitoring and inspection of all the fire safety
features of the building
• In case the sprinkler system activates during a fire incident, they must
be on stand-by on the involved isolation valve for an immediate shut-off
after the declaration of FIRE OUT by BFP
A Fire Brigade must remember to:

• Determine the Specific Fire Floor

• Begin the Control of Evacuation
• Search of the fire floor and all floors above the fire
• Gain Control of Building Systems
• Confine and Extinguish the Fire
 IN CASE OF FIRE
• Proceed to the designated evacuation
area
• Immediately leave the building by
means of nearest available exit
• Notify other persons on your way out
• Never go back to the burning building
• REMAIN CALM, THINK AND
ACT!
During a Fire Emergency, there should be a:

1. Command Post (FM, Tech Staff)

-White Board
-Floor/Key Plan of the building
-Radio
2. First Aid Station
3. Evacuation Area
4. Caution Tape
Basic Information for the white board:

Time fire started:

Floor/s involved/Location:
Time of call to the Fire Dept:
Time Evacuation started:
Time Responder/s arrived:
Time Evacuation ended:
Time of fire out:

Name of victim/s Type of injury Responding Ambulance Recipient hospital

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
•Helmet

•Bunker/Fire coat
•Trouser

•Suspenders
•Gloves

•Fire Boots
 BASIC FIRE SAFETY FEATURES OF A
BUILDING
1. Automatic Fire Suppression System-Sprinkler System
2. Fire Hose Cabinet
3. Fire Detection and Alarm System-Smoke detectors
4. Means of Egress (Emergency Exit)
5. Portable Fire Extinguishers
Fire Safety Tips
1. Identify and report fire hazards and unsafe work practices.

2. Unplug all electrical equipment when not in operation, unless

necessary.

3. Maintain proper housekeeping

4. Familiarize and keep emergency exits marked, lighted and free

from any obstruction.
5. Familiarize location of fire alarm, fire extinguishers and other fire
fighting equipment.

6. Enforce “No Smoking” policy

7. Avoid overloading of electrical circuits by plugging many appliances

8. Do not store large volume of combustible
liquids without proper clearance/permit and
fire protection

9. Ensure complete attendance of ALL fire

brigade members during Fire Safety Seminars
and Drills

10.Regularly conduct emergency drills (internal)