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CH 3 Classification

Scientists classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and similarities. Organisms that are more closely related share more classification groups. Modern classification systems are based on evidence like anatomy, DNA, and evolutionary history. Scientists use binomial nomenclature with genus and species names to consistently classify organisms in all languages. As knowledge increases, classification systems continue to be refined.

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65 views29 pages

CH 3 Classification

Scientists classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and similarities. Organisms that are more closely related share more classification groups. Modern classification systems are based on evidence like anatomy, DNA, and evolutionary history. Scientists use binomial nomenclature with genus and species names to consistently classify organisms in all languages. As knowledge increases, classification systems continue to be refined.

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RaKa aJJa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biology

Chapter 3
Classification
3.1 Why Things are Grouped
Why Things are Grouped
 Classify: group
things together
based on
similarities
Classifying in Everyday Life

 What things do we
classify?
How Grouping Helps Us
 Easier to find
 Share traits (feature
that a thing has)
 Faster
Biology
Chapter 3
Classification
3.2 Methods of Classification
Early Classification
 Aristotle (Greek,
lived about 2000
years ago)
 First to classify
living things
 All living thing into
two groups
Plants
 herbs- small, soft
stems
 shrubs- medium
size, many trunks
 trees- tall, one trunk
Animals
 live in water
 live on land
 live in air
Problems with this plan
 some living things
fit into more than
one group
 some living things
change groups as
they grow and
develop
 Used until 1700’s
The Beginnings of Modern
Classification
 Carolus Linnaeus
(Swedish, 1735)
 Classified plants and
animals into more
groups
 Based system on
specific traits
 Gave name to
organisms that
described their trait-
2 part name
Seven Classification Groups

kingdom- king
phylum- Phillip
class- came
order- over
family- from
genus- Germany
species- swimming
Two word names are genus and
species
People are
Homo sapiens
Biology
Chapter 3
Classification
3.3 How Scientists Classify Things
Classify Based on How
Organisms Are Related
 The more closely
related organisms
are the more groups
they share
 Compare cat, lion,
deer, and octopus
Tables 3-2 through
3-5 p. 56-57
Classification Chart
House Cat Dog
Kingdom: Animalia Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Chordata
Class: Mammalia Mammalia
Order: Carnivora Carnivora
Family: Felidae Canidae
Genus: Felis Canis
Species: Felis catus Canis familiaris
Other Evidence Used in
Classifying
 Evolutionary history
 The ancestors that
organisms share
 Similar body
structures
Other Evidence Used in
Classifying
Body Chemistry
 How similar are
proteins (blood)
 How similar is DNA
(DNA fingerprinting)
Scientific Names Came From
Classification
Scientific names-
Genus species
 Designed by
Linnaeus
 Genus- always
capitalized
 species- always
lower case
 In Latin so italics or
underline
Scientific Names Came From
Classification
 Sometimes
scientific names
sound like common
names
 Gorilla gorilla
 Giraffa
camelopadalis
Why Scientific Names Are Used
 No mistakes
 Common names occur
for more than one type
of organism, hawks Fig.
3-9 p. 60
 Scientific names
seldom change
 Scientific names are
written in the same
language (Latin)
Classification of Kingdoms
 Two kingdoms- Aristotle and Linnaeus
had plants and animals
 Then 3 kingdoms- plants, animals, and
protists
 Then 5 kingdoms, plants, animals,
protists, fungi, and monerans (bacteria)
 Now 6 kingdoms (started in 2000, not in
your textbook)
Archaebacteria
(formerly Moneran)
 Live in extreme
environments- hot,
salt
 No nucleus or
other cell parts
 One celled
 Unique cell wall
and membrane
 Unique cell
processes
Eubacteria
(formerly Moneran)
 No nucleus or other
cell parts
 One celled
 More common
bacteria
 Live in many places
Protists
 Mostly one celled, some
are many celled
 Nucleus and other cell
parts
 Some like plants (algae:
producers)
 Some like animals
(protozoans:
consumers)
 Some like fungi
(decomposers)
Fungi
 Have nucleus and
other cell parts
 Multicellular except
yeast
 Have cell walls
 Decomposers
(absorb food)
Plants
 Nucleus and other
cell parts
 Multicellular
 Have chlorophyll for
photosynthesis
 Have cell wall (don’t
move)
Animals
 Nucleus and other
cell parts
 Multicellular
 Eat- consumers
 Move from place to
place
Classification Changes
 Classification
changes as we learn
more about
organisms and their
relationship to each
other.

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