Gender and

Development
(GAD)
PATHF1
 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)

is a development perspective that recognizes the

unequal status and situation of women and men in
society.

Women and men have different development needs

and interests, which is institutionalized and
perpetuated by cultural, social, economic and
political norms, systems and structures.
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 Gender sensitivity
• Gender sensitivity is about recognizing
that our language choices have
consequences on relating effectively to
others. Therefore, to reinforce that
women and men should be treated
equally, then it is primordial to create
awareness on how to reflect that belief in
our communication use.

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Gender Issues
• Gender issues include all aspects
and concerns related to women's
and men's lives and situation in
society, to the way they interrelate,
their differences in access to and
use of resources, their activities,
and how they react to changes,
interventions and policies.

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10 Causes of Gender Inequality
•1. Uneven access to education
•Around the world, women still have less access to education than men. ¼ of young women between 15-24 will not finish primary
school. That group makes up 58% of the people not completing that basic education. Of all the illiterate people in the world, ⅔ are
women. When girls are not educated on the same level as boys, it has a huge effect on their future and the kinds of opportunities
they’ll get.
•2. Lack of employment equality
•Only 6 countries in the world give women the same legal work rights as men. In fact, most economies give women only ¾ the rights
of men. Studies show that if employment became a more even playing field, it has a positive domino effect on other areas prone to
gender inequality.
•3. Job segregation
•One of the causes for gender inequality within employment is the division of jobs. In most societies, there’s an inherent belief that
men are simply better equipped to handle certain jobs. Most of the time, those are the jobs that pay the best. This discrimination results
in lower income for women. Women also take on the primary responsibility for unpaid labor, so even as they participate in the paid
workforce, they have extra work that never gets recognized financially.

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•4. Lack of legal protections
•According to research from the World Bank, over one billion
women don’t have legal protection against domestic sexual
violence or domestic economic violence. Both have a significant
impact on women’s ability to thrive and live in freedom. In many
countries, there’s also a lack of legal protections against
harassment in the workplace, at school, and in public. These
places become unsafe and without protection, women frequently
have to make decisions that compromise and limit their goals.
•5. Lack of bodily autonomy 10 Causes of
Gender
•Many women around the world do not have authority over their
own bodies or when they become parents. Accessing birth control
is frequently very difficult. According to the World Health
Organization, over 200 million women who don’t want to get
pregnant are not using contraception. There are various reasons
for this such as a lack of options, limited access, and
Inequality
cultural/religious opposition. On a global scale, about 40% of
pregnancies are not planned and while 50% of them do end in
abortion, 38% result in births. These mothers often become
financially dependent on another person or the state, losing their
freedom.

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 •6. Poor medical care
•In addition to limited access to contraception, women overall receive lower-quality medical
care than men. This is linked to other gender inequality reasons such as a lack of education
and job opportunities, which results in more women being in poverty. They are less likely to
be able to afford good healthcare. There’s also been less research into diseases that affect
women more than men, such as autoimmune disorders and chronic pain conditions. Many
women also experience discrimination and dismissal from their doctors, broadening the
gender gap in healthcare quality.

10 Causes of
•7. Lack of religious freedom
•When religious freedom is attacked, women suffer the most. According to the World
Economic Forum, when extremist ideologies (such as ISIS) come into a community and

Gender restrict religious freedom, gender inequality gets worse. In a study performed by Georgetown
University and Brigham Young University, researchers were also able to connect religious
intolerance with women’s ability to participate in the economy. When there’s more religious

Inequality freedom, an economy becomes more stable thanks to women’s participation.

•8. Lack of political representation
•Of all national parliaments at the beginning of 2019, only 24.3% of seats were filled by
women. As of June of 2019, 11 Heads of State were women. Despite progress in this area
over the years, women are still grossly underrepresented in government and the political
process. This means that certain issues that female politicians tend to bring up – such as
parental leave and childcare, pensions, gender equality laws and gender-based violence – are
often neglected.

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10 Causes of Gender Inequality
•9. Racism
•It would be impossible to talk about gender inequality without
talking about racism. It affects what jobs women of color are able
to get and how much they’re paid, as well as how they are viewed
by legal and healthcare systems. Gender inequality and racism
have been closely-linked for a long time.
•10. Societal mindsets
•It’s less tangible than some of the other causes on this list, but
the overall mindset of a society has a significant impact on gender
inequality. How society determines the differences and value of
men vs. women plays a starring role in every arena, whether it’s
employment or the legal system or healthcare. Beliefs about
gender run deep and even though progress can be made through
laws and structural changes, there’s often a pushback following
times of major change. It’s also common for everyone (men and
women) to ignore other areas of gender inequality when there’s
progress, such as better representation for women in leadership.
These types of mindsets prop up gender inequality and delay
significant change.

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 Gender Fair Language
• Gender-fair language is language that
avoids bias toward a particular sex or
gender and therefore is less likely to
convey stereotypes.

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Thank you

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