PRIVATE PILOT

STEEP TURNS
 STEEP TURNS
• Objective:
 STEEP TURNS
• Objective:

– To develop smoothness, coordination,

orientation, division of attention, and control
techniques while executing a high-performance
turn
 STEEP TURNS
• Introduction:
 STEEP TURNS
• Introduction:

– Ever wonder what it is like to be in a

centrifuge?
 STEEP TURNS
• Introduction:

– Ever wonder what it is like to be in a

centrifuge?

– Well here is your chance while at the same time

testing your piloting abilities!
 STEEP TURNS
• Overview:
 STEEP TURNS
• Overview:

– Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn

 STEEP TURNS
• Overview:

– Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn

– Explain the procedures to execute a steep turn

 STEEP TURNS
• Overview:

– Discuss the elements involved with a steep turn

– Explain the procedures to execute a steep turn

– Review the practical test standards for a steep

turn
 STEEP TURNS
• Elements:
 STEEP TURNS
• Elements:
– More than 45° bank
 STEEP TURNS
• Elements:
– More than 45° bank
– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability
 STEEP TURNS
• Elements:
– More than 45° bank
– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability
– Bank tends to increase unless pressure is
applied to aileron controls to prevent it
 STEEP TURNS
• Elements:
– More than 45° bank
– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability
– Bank tends to increase unless pressure is
applied to aileron controls to prevent it
– High load factors are imposed
 STEEP TURNS
• Elements:
– More than 45° bank
– After 45° of bank the over-banking tendency of
an airplane overcomes stability
– Bank tends to increase unless pressure is
applied to aileron controls to prevent it
– High load factors are imposed
– Large amount of vertical component of lift is
lost and so back pressure on elevator is needed
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Execute two clearing turns
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Execute two clearing turns
– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 3000’ AGL)
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Execute two clearing turns
– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 3000’ AGL)
– Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude
with necessary back pressure
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Execute two clearing turns
– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 3000’ AGL)
– Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude
with necessary back pressure
– Complete a left and right 360° heading change
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Execute two clearing turns
– Establish a specific heading (and outside
reference) and altitude (> 3000’ AGL)
– Roll into a 45° bank while maintaining altitude
with necessary back pressure
– Complete a left and right 360° heading change
– Power may be required to maintain airspeed
above a stall
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle
– Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to
maintain pitch attitude
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle
– Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to
maintain pitch attitude
– If loss of altitude occurs, decrease bank, add
back pressure to regain altitude, and establish
higher pitch attitude
 STEEP TURNS
• Procedure:
– Lead rollout to heading by one-half the bank
angle
– Use horizon and glare shield/cowling to
maintain pitch attitude
– If loss of altitude occurs, decrease bank, add
back pressure to regain altitude, and establish
higher pitch attitude
– If gain of altitude occurs, increase bank (max
55°), decrease pitch attitude and or power
STEEP TURNS
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout
– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout
– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude
– Not releasing back pressure in recovery with
resulting gain in altitude
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout
– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude
– Not releasing back pressure in recovery with
resulting gain in altitude
– Not enough or too much bank
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Improper Pitch, bank, and power coordination
during entry and rollout
– Increasing pitch attitude before establishing
bank angle with resulting gain in altitude
– Not releasing back pressure in recovery with
resulting gain in altitude
– Not enough or too much bank
– No use of power to assist in maintaining altitude
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Slipping or skidding through maneuver
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Slipping or skidding through maneuver
– Inappropriate control applications
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Slipping or skidding through maneuver
– Inappropriate control applications
– Not making minor adjustments in altitude and
bank through maneuver resulting in the need for
major adjustments
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Slipping or skidding through maneuver
– Inappropriate control applications
– Not making minor adjustments in altitude and
bank through maneuver resulting in the need for
major adjustments
– Loss of orientation – Initial heading forgotten
and reference point can no longer be found
 STEEP TURNS
• Common Errors:
– Slipping or skidding through maneuver
– Inappropriate control applications
– Not making minor adjustments in altitude and
bank through maneuver resulting in the need for
major adjustments
– Loss of orientation – Initial heading forgotten
and reference point can no longer be found
– Excessive deviation from desired heading
during rollout due to poor planning of rollout
 STEEP TURNS
• Conclusion:
 STEEP TURNS
• Conclusion:

– The steep turn is a performance based maneuver

that tests various piloting ability from
coordination, orientation, smoothness, and
division of attention. A pilot will learn just how
well his/her airplane will perform once the
added loads are implied on the wings at a 45°
bank.