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Camellia Institute of Technology and Management: Department - Cse Semester-5

This document summarizes key aspects of expert systems in artificial intelligence. It describes expert systems as computer applications that solve complex problems in a particular domain at a level of human expertise. The major components of expert systems are the knowledge base, which contains domain knowledge, the inference engine, which manipulates the knowledge base to derive solutions, and the user interface. The document outlines the characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of expert systems, and describes the types of knowledge contained in the knowledge base and how it is acquired from human experts. It also discusses the strategies of forward and backward chaining used by the inference engine.

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Yousuf Sheikh
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27 views

Camellia Institute of Technology and Management: Department - Cse Semester-5

This document summarizes key aspects of expert systems in artificial intelligence. It describes expert systems as computer applications that solve complex problems in a particular domain at a level of human expertise. The major components of expert systems are the knowledge base, which contains domain knowledge, the inference engine, which manipulates the knowledge base to derive solutions, and the user interface. The document outlines the characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of expert systems, and describes the types of knowledge contained in the knowledge base and how it is acquired from human experts. It also discusses the strategies of forward and backward chaining used by the inference engine.

Uploaded by

Yousuf Sheikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAMELLIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT – CSE
SEMESTER- 5TH

NAME – KISHAN KUMAR THAKUR


ROLL NO.- 25700121016
Subject name – artificial intelligence(it501b)
Topic- expert system in artificial intelligence
What are Expert Systems?

The expert systems are the computer applications developed to solve complex problems in a particular
domain, at the level of extra-ordinary human intelligence and expertise.

Characteristics of Expert Systems


•High performance
•Understandable
•Reliable
•Highly responsive

Capabilities of Expert Systems


The expert systems are capable of −
•Advising
•Instructing and assisting human in decision making
•Demonstrating
•Deriving a solution
•Diagnosing
•Explaining
•Interpreting input
•Predicting results
•Justifying the conclusion
•Suggesting alternative options to a problem
They are incapable of −

•Substituting human decision makers


•Possessing human capabilities
•Producing accurate output for inadequate knowledge base
•Refining their own knowledge

Components of Expert Systems


The components of ES include −

•Knowledge Base
•Inference Engine
•User Interface
Knowledge Base

It contains domain-specific and high-quality knowledge.


Knowledge is required to exhibit intelligence. The success of any ES majorly depends upon the collection of highly accurate
and precise knowledge.

What is Knowledge?

The data is collection of facts. The information is organized as data and facts about the task domain. Data,
information, and past experience combined together are termed as knowledge.

Components of Knowledge Base

The knowledge base of an ES is a store of both, factual and heuristic knowledge.


•Factual Knowledge − It is the information widely accepted by the Knowledge Engineers and scholars in the task domain.
•Heuristic Knowledge − It is about practice, accurate judgement, one’s ability of evaluation, and guessing.
Knowledge Acquisition

The success of any expert system majorly depends on the quality, completeness, and accuracy of the information stored in the
knowledge base.

The knowledge base is formed by readings from various experts, scholars, and the Knowledge Engineers. The knowledge
engineer is a person with the qualities of empathy, quick learning, and case analyzing skills.

He acquires information from subject expert by recording, interviewing, and observing him at work, etc. He then categorizes
and organizes the information in a meaningful way, in the form of IF-THEN-ELSE rules, to be used by interference
machine. The knowledge engineer also monitors the development of the ES.

Inference Engine
Use of efficient procedures and rules by the Inference Engine is essential in deducting a correct, flawless solution.
In case of knowledge-based ES, the Inference Engine acquires and manipulates the knowledge from the knowledge base to
arrive at a particular solution.
In case of rule based ES, it −
•Applies rules repeatedly to the facts, which are obtained from earlier rule application.
•Adds new knowledge into the knowledge base if required.
•Resolves rules conflict when multiple rules are applicable to a particular case.
Forward Chaining

It is a strategy of an expert system to answer the question, “What can happen next?”


Here, the Inference Engine follows the chain of conditions and derivations and finally deduces the outcome. It considers all
the facts and rules, and sorts them before concluding to a solution.
This strategy is followed for working on conclusion, result, or effect. For example, prediction of share market status as an
effect of changes in interest rates.
Forward Chaining
It is a strategy of an expert system to answer the question, “What can happen next?”
Here, the Inference Engine follows the chain of conditions and derivations and finally deduces the outcome. It
considers all the facts and rules, and sorts them before concluding to a solution.
This strategy is followed for working on conclusion, result, or effect. For example, prediction of share market status as
an effect of changes in interest rates.
Applications of Expert System
Benefits of Expert Systems
•Availability −
•They are easily available due to mass production of software.

•Less Production Cost −


•Production cost is reasonable. This makes them affordable.
•Speed −
• They offer great speed. They reduce the amount of work an individual puts in.
•Less Error Rate −
•Error rate is low as compared to human errors.
•Reducing Risk −
• They can work in the environment dangerous to humans.
•Steady response −
•They work steadily without getting motional, tensed or fatigued.
THANK YOU

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