GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE KUSHALNAGAR

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

• PROJECT TEAM:
• HARSHA A D (4GL19CV405)
• SANJU J S (4GL19CV417)
• SHARIF SAB (4GL19CV420)
• YASWANTH K R (4GL19CV423)

SECOND PHASE PRESENTATION

ON
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 2.5LAKH LITRES
OVERHEAD INTZE TYPE WATER TANK

1
 CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• ISCODES FOR DESIGN
• GEOMETRICAL DESIGN OF INTZ TANK
• LOADS ACTING ON INTZ TANK.
• STAAD MODELLING FOR INTZ TANK
• STAAD MODEL ANALYSIS AND CONCRETE DESIGN.
• PRESENT STATUS OF PROJECT
• SECOND PHASE TASKS TO BE COMPLETED
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

2
 INTRODUCTION

• PROJECT PROPOSAL: 2.5LAKH LITERS OVERHEAD WATER

TANK INTZ TYPE AT GECK CAMPUS.
• SOCIAL OBJECTIVE: TO PROVIDE CONTINUOUS SUPPLY OF
WATER FOR 1000 STUDENTS AND 150 HOSTEL STUDENTS.
• ENGINEERING OBJECTIVE: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN OF LOAD CARRYING ELEMENTS
• ESTIMATION AND BOQ PREPARATION

3
 INTRODUCTION-CODNTD
• Due to enormous need by the public, water has to be stored
and supplied according to their needs. Water demand is not
constant throughout the day. It fluctuates hour to hour.
• In order to supply constant amount of water, we need to store
water. So to meet the public water demand, water tank need to
be constructed. Storage reservoirs and overhead tanks are used
to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and
similar liquids. therefore analysis o f the reservoirs or tanks is
about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the
product. All tanks are designed as crack free structures to
eliminate any leakage.
• This project gives in brief, the theory behind the design of liquid
retaining structure (elevated circular water tank with domed
roof and conical base) using working stress method. Elements
are design in working stress method
4
 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
• 1. FINALIZING GEOMETRICAL DESIGN BASED ON REQUIRED
VOLULME.
• 2.FINALIZING GEO LOCATION OF TANK.
• 3.PRELIMINARY STRUCTURAL MEMBER DESIGN.
• 4. MANUAL CALCULATION OF LOADS AND ANALYSIS
• 5.STAAD MODELING AND ANALYSIS
• 6.COMPARE STAAD AND MANUAL RESULTS
• 7. 3D MODELLING AND PRESENTATION OF INTZ TANK.

5
 WATER DEMAND.
• NO OF STUDENTS IN HOSTEL 200= 150LTRX200=30000LTRS
• NO. OF STUDENTS IN COLLEGE
• (TOILETS USE) =900=900X50=45000LTRS
• WATER FOR DRINKING =1000 X2=2000LTRS
• TOTAL DEMAND PER DAY=79000 SAY 80,000LTRS
• THE OVERHEAD TANK CAN BEFILLED ONCE IN 3 DAYS. HENCE
THE PROJECTED CAPACITY IS 250000 LTRS.

6
PROPOSED W.T
LOCATION

7
TYPES OF ELEVATED WATER TANKS

8
 HISTORY OF INTZE TANK
• The name “Intze” is given by a German hydraulic engineer
OTTO INTZE 1843to1904
• Intze principle for water towers: a water tower built in
accordance with the Intze principle has a brick shaft on which
the water tank sits. The base of the tank is fixed with the ring
anchor made of iron or steel, so that only vertical , not
horizontal, forces are transmitted to the tower. Due to the
lack of horizontal forces the tower shaft does not need to be
quite as solidly built.
• This type of tank was first used in Germany between
1885and1905.

9
 CONSTRUCTION
• A water tank built in accordance with the Intze principle has
brick shaft on which the water tank sits.
• In Intze tank we provide a domed floor so that the domed
floor balances the horizontal thrust coming from the conical
slab.
• Due to lack of horizontal forces the tower shaft does not need
to be solidly built.
• A ring beam has to be provided to support the dome.
• This ring would be supported by columns. This dome balances
the horizontal force and make it economical when compared
to normal tanks.

10
 MAIN ADVANTAGES OF INTZE TANK

• The main advantages of such tank are that the outward thrust
from top of conical part is resisted by ring beam B3.

11
 OBJECTIVE
• In this tank domes are provide instead of slabs
and these domes are used for larger span with
minimum thicknes
• Conical dome is provided to reduce the
diameter of the bottom ring beam

12
 WHY WORKING STRESS METHOD FOR WATER
RETAINING STRUCTURES
 The working stress method takes the loads and the stress
coming on the structure to be conservative in nature. Or in
other works, it takes into account the permissible stress value,
 The WSM method works on two main aspects- stability and
serviceability.
 Serviceability, the section is designed such that it is not
subjected cracks. In no way the cracks must affect the
functionality of the structure. This design can be only attained
my taking into account the permissible stresses on the
structure. 
 Water tanks or any liquid retaining structures are vulnerable
to stresses with the variation of water level in it.
13
 WORKING STRESS METHOD—CONTD.
When compared with limit state method of design, the
WSM method provide more serviceability that help to
increase the durability and life of water tanks.
• WSM method designs the section to stay at the safe side,
no matter how big the section be.
• The main disadvantage of WSM is that they derive
uneconomical section. This demerit is neglected in the
case of design of water tanks, bridges and chimneys.

14
 FACTOR OF SAFETY IN W.S METHOD
• In working stress method for concrete a factor of safety upto
of 3 is used and for steel 1.75 to 1.85 is used.
Working stress method
• Working stress method is based on the elastic theory in which
the materials (concrete and steel). Are assumed to be
stressed well below their elastic limit under the design loads.

15
TYPICAL INTZ TANK
3D MODELING OF INTZ TANK

17
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF WATERTANKS

• 1.Watertightness
• 2. Crack free structure; design of liquid retaining structure is
different from ordinary R.C.C. Structures as it requires that
concrete should not crack and hence tensile stresses in
concrete should be within permissible limits.
• 3. Stability.
Minimum grade of concrete not less than m20.
Minimum cement content=370kg/m3

18
 Basic design requirement for liquid retaining
structures as per IS3370 are as follows:
• Water tanks are designed as uncorrected section to design is
we have to restrict the concrete and steel stresses.
Grade of concrete Permissible stress in N/mm2 tension Shear N/mm2 (ty)
Direct (σct) Bending (σ<bt)
M15 1.1 1.5 1.5
M20 1.2 1.7 1.7
M25 1.3 1.8 1.9
M30 1.5 2.0 2.2
M35 1.6 2.2 2.5
M40 1.7 2.4 2.7

19
 REFERENCE CODES

• I.S 456:2000 for RCC.

• I.S 800:1984 for STEEL.
• I.S 872 Part I and Part II.
• I.S 3373 (Part IV-1967)

20
 WORKING STRESS METHOD
Permissible stresses in concrete all values in N/mm2
Grade of concrete Permissible stress in compression Permissible stress in bond
for plane bars in tension
Bending Direct (average)

σcbc σcc σbd

M10 3.0 2.5 -
M15 5.0 4.0 0.6
M20 7.0 5.0 0.8
M25 8.5 6.0 0.9
M30 10.0 8.0 1.0
M35 11.5 9.0 1.1
M40 13.0 10.0 1.2
M45 14.5 11.0 1.3
M50 16.0 12.0 1.4 21
 TABLE 1.1;

Grade of concrete M10 M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 M45 M50

Tensile stress (N/mm2) 1.2 2.0 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2

• The permissible tensile stresses due to bending apply to the

face of the member in contact with the liquid.
• In members less than 225mm ∅ thick and in contact with
liquid on one side these permissible stresses in bending apply
also to the face remote from the liquid.

22
 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN STEEL

• INTZE tank
• A) tensile stress in member in direct tension 1000 kg/cm2 .
• B) tensile stress in member in bending on liquid retaining face of
members or face away from liquid for members less than 225mm
thick 1000 kg/cm2 .
• C) on face away from liquid for members 225mm or more in
thickness 1250 kg/cm2
• D) tensile stress in shear reinforcement for members less than
225mm thickness
• 1000 kg/cm2 for members 225mm or more in thickness 1250
kg/cm2 .
(v)compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load 1250
kg/cm
23
 Top spherical dome
• Meridional thrust is maximum at support.
• Hoop force is maximum at crown.
• Radial bars are provided for meridional thrust.
• Circular hoops are provided for circumferential force

24
 DESIGN OF DOME
• Minimum thickness=80mm
• Minimum steel=0.15%
• Ring beam is provided for taking the horizontal component of
the meridional stress.
• Tensile stress when concrete alone is considered does not
exceed 1.1N/mm2 to 1.70 N/mm2 for direct tension and 1.5
N/mm2 to 2.40 N/mm2 for tension due to bending in liquid
resisting structure depending on the grade of concrete
• Reinforcement for the hoop stress is also provided with the
allowable stress in steel
as 115 N/mm2 (or 150N/mm2 ) in case of liquid retaining
structures and 140 N/mm2
(or190 N/ mm2 ) in other cases.

25
STEEL
• Permissible stresses should not exceed the limit.
• Permissible stress in direct tension =1000kg/cm2
• Tensile stress in bending = 1000to1200kg/cm2
Minimum reinforcement
• 0.3% of gross cross sectional area must be provided upto
100mm thickness.
• 0.2% of gross cross sectional area for 100to450mm thickness.
• 0.2% of gross cross sectional area should be provided
for>450mm thickness in each direction.
• 0.12%should be provided in foundations.

26
 TOP RING BEAM (B1)

• The meridional thrust t1, of the top dome at the level of top
rings beam b1 has two components, viz. Vertical component
t1sinθ and horizontal component t1cosθ.
• The beam is supported vertically throughout by side circular
wall. Thus the vertical component which is nothing but the
downward load (DL+LL) of the dome gets transferred through
side circular wall.
• The horizontal component t1cosθ includes hoop tension in
beam b1 for which the beam shall be designed.

27
 SIDE WALLS (CIRCULAR)
• The side circular wall, assumed
As free to move at top and bottom,
Is subjected to hoop tension due
to water load.
• The hoop tension increases
with the depth.
• Thickness of the wall is designed
For maximum hoop tension at level
Of b3 and may be reduced with
Reduction of hoop tension

28
 BOTTOM RING BEAM (B2)

• The vertical load acting on ring beam b3 consists of load from

top dome, top ring beam b1, side wall and self weight of
beam b3.
• This load gets transferred to the conical dome by thrust (t) in
the conical dome.

29
 CONICAL DOME
• The conical dome is subjected to both meridional thrust as
well as hoop tension.
• MERIDIONAL THRUST: The meridional thrust in the conical
dome is due to vertical forces (weights) transferred to it at its
base. The total load consists of
1. Weight of top dome , cylindrical wall etc…
2. Weight of water
3. Self weight

30
• Hoop tension : Due to water pressure and self weight, the
conical dome will be subjected to hoop tension.

31
 BOTTOM DOME AND BOTTOM RING BEAM(B2)

• Bottom dome: bottom dome develops compressive stresses

both meridional as well as along hoops, due to weight of
water supported by it and also due to its own weight.
• Bottom ring beam(b2):
The ring beam receives an
Inward inclined thrust t0
From the conical dome and
an outward thrust t2 from
The bottom dome.

32
33
 SOFTWARE USED

1. STAAD PRO:
• Structural analysis and design developed by bentley is most
commonly used software for quick analysis and design of
water tank.
• It uses finite element analysis to analyze any structure which
is the best method to analyze easily and in less time.

34
LOADS ACTING ON EACH MEMBER OF THE TANK

MEMBER LOADS

Top dome Self weight, live load, finishes

Top ring beam Hoop tension, Weight of top dome, self weight

Cylindrical wall Water pressure, Vertical load ,hoop tension, self weight

Bottom ring beam Vertical load, Tension due to vertical loads, Hoop tension

Conical dome Water pressure, Vertical load, Hoop tension

Bottom spherical dome Total weight of water, Self weight

Bottom ring girder Vertical loads, Weight of dome

Columns Vertical load due to tank, Wind forces, Self weight of

bracings

35
DETAILS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE TANK OBTAINED
THROUGH MANUAL DESIGN- 2ND PHASE TASKS

MEMBER SIZE OR DIMENSIONS

Top dome 100 mm thick

Top ring beam 200x200 mm

Cylindrical wall 200mm thick

Bottom ring beam 400x800 mm

Conical dome 400mm thick

Bottom ring girder 400x800 mm

Columns 300x300mm

Bracings 250x250mm

36
 DESIGN DATAS
DESCRIPTION VALUE DESCRIPTION VALUE

TANK CAPACITY 250M3 PERMISSIBLE STRESS IN 8N/MM2

COMPRESSION(DIRECT)
HEIGHT OF TOWER 14.5MT
FROM GROUND
PERMISSIBLE 10N/MM2
STRESS IN
BEARING CAPACITY 250KN/M2 COMPRESSION(B
ENDING)
LIVE LOAD ON 1.5KN/M2
DOME

WINDLOAD 1.5KN/M2

GRADE OF M30
CONCRETE
STEEL HYSD FE500

WT OF WATER 10KN/M3

EFFECTIVE 35MM
CONCRETE COVER
37
• .DESIGN BY WORKING STRESS METHOD
•  
 1.Data
 Capacity of Tank= 1 million litres = 250 m3
 Height of support tower = 14 m
 Number of columns = 8
 Depth of foundations = 1.5 m below ground level
 Materials M 30 grade concrete
 Fe500grade HYSD bars
 2. Permissible stresses
 For calculations relating to resistance to cracking
 σct = 1.5 N/mm2, σcb=2N/mm2 , σst=150N/mm2
 For strength calculations, the stresses in concrete and steel are
the same as those recommended in clauses B-2.1 and B-2.2 of
IS:456-2000.
 σcc= 8N/mm2, m=9.33,Q=1.16, j=0.916, σcb =10N/mm2
• (As per IS:3370(part-2)-1965, clause 3.3.1 and 3.4.2)
38
39
• Dimention of tank:- D = Inside diameter of tank
• Assuming the average depth = 0.75 D
• We have, Bitmap p x D2 x 0.75 D = 250 m3
• D "= 7.515 Say 8.00 m
• Height of cylindrical portion of tank = 0.75 x 7.52 =
5.00 m
• Depth of conical Dome D/5 or D/6 = 8.00 / 6 = 1.33
m
• Diameter of supporting tower = 4 m
• Spacing of bracing = 2 m

40
41
42
 DESIGN OF TOP DOME
4. DESIGN OF TOP DOME
THICKNESS OF DOME SLAB T = 100 MM
SELF WEIGHT OF DOME = (0.1 24) = 2.4 KN/M2
LIVE LOAD = 1.5 KN/M2
FINISHES = 0.1 KN/M2
TOTAL LOAD W = 4.0 KN/M2
IF R= RADIUS OF THE DOME
D = DIAMETER AT BASE = 8 M
R= CENTRAL RISE[(1/6) 8] = 1 M
R= = = 8.5 M
SEMI-CENTRAL ANGLE COS Θ= 8/10 = 0.8
THEREFORE Θ = 36Ο 50'
MERIDIONAL THRUST T1= T1'=(w X R)/(1+cos θ) = (4.10 X 8.50)/(1+0.59) =21.90KN/M
 = = 21.9 KN/M
CIRCUMFERENTIAL FORCE= WR =
Wr( cos θ - 1/(1+cos θ) = 4.10 X 8.50 X(0.59 - 1/1.59 ) = -1.44kN/m
MERIDIONAL STRESS
 = 0.22 N/MM2 < 8 N/MM2
HOOP STRESS= = 0.10 N/MM2 < 8 N/MM2
THE STRESSES ARE WITH IN SAME LIMITS.
PROVIDING NOMINAL REINFORCEMENTS OF 0.3%
 AST = = 300 MM2
PROVIDE 8 MM DIAMETER BARS AT 160 MM C/C BOTH CIRCUMFERENTIALLY AND MERIDIONALLY.
. 43
44
Hoopstress <0.1n/mm2

45
46
 Design of top ring beam
• 5. Design of top ring beam
Hoop tension Ft= = (T1cos θD)/( 2) = (21.90 X 0.59 X8.0)/( 2) = 51.50kN
Ast = = (51.50 X 1000)/( 130) = 396 mm2
Provide 4 bars of 12 mm diameter ( Ast = Hence Provided 4 numbers
of 12 mm dia Ring bar, for symmetry.
Actual, Ast = 4x 113 =452 mm2)
If Ac = cross-sectional area of ring beam
Equivalent area of composite section of beam
 F/( Ac+M X Actual Ast) = 1.2N/mm²
 (51.50 X 1000)/(Ac+9.33 X 452) = 1.2 = Ac = 38698 mm²
Therefore Ac = 77.082 mm2
Provide 300 mm mm top ring beam, with 4 bars of 12 mm diameter
as main reinforcement and 8 mm diameter stirrups at 250 mm c/c.
47
Hoop tension on top beam 51.5kn

48
Top ring beam design for hoop tension

49
50
6) DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL TANK WALL: -
Since dome roof has been design on membrane the analysis, the tank wall may be assumed to be free on
top and bottom, Maximum hoop tension occurs at the base of wall,
Maximum hoop tension at base = (w X H X D)/( 2) = (4.1 X 10 X 8)/( 2) = 200kN/m height
Area of ring Req. = 200000 / 150 = 1538 mm2 per meter height or 769 mm2 both side
To resist the hoop tension at 1 meter below top, Ash = (1.25 X 1538)/( 5) = 384.6 mm2

using 10mm bars, A= (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 10²)/( 4) = 79mm2

spacing of 10mm dia rings = 1000 X 79/(384.6/2) = 408 mm
Hence Provided 10mm dia bar, @ 400 mm c/c both direction 0 to 2mtr from top
To resist the hoop tension at 3 meter below top,
Ash = (2.50 X 1538)/( 5) = 769mm2
using 16 mm bars A= (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 16²)/( 4) = 201mm2
spacing of 16mm dia rings = 1000 X 201/(769/2) = 523 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, @ 520mm c/c both direction, 2 to 3mtr from top
To resist the hoop tension at 5 meter below top,
Ash = (5 X 1538)/( 5) = 1539mm2
using 20mm bars A= (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 20²)/( 4) = 314mm2
spacing of 16mm dia rings = 1000 X 314/(1539/2) = 408 mm
Hence Provided 20mm dia bar, @ 400mm c/c both direction, 3 to 5mtr from top
Actual, Ast = 2 x 1000 x 314/( 400) = 1570 mm2

51
The spacing of ring may be increased towards the top, since pressure varies linearly
Using a tensile stress of 1.2N/mm2 for the combined section,
thickness T is given by, (200 X1000)/( 1000 T+(9.33 X 1570)) = 1.2 N/mm²
From which, T = 1502.53mm say = 150 mm
Hence provided = 200mm, at bottom and 200mm at top, Av thickness = 200 mm
Distribution reinforcement
At top, Ast = 0.3/( 100) x 200 x1000 = 600 mm2
Provide half the reinforcement near each face, Asd = 300mm2
using 10mm bars, A = (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 10²)/( 4) = 79mm2
The spacing of 10mm dia bars = 1000 X 79/( 300) = 260 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10mm dia bar, @ 260mm c/c both direction, 0 to 2 mtr from top
At middle, Ast = 0.3/( 100) x 200 x1000 = 600 mm2
Provide half the reinforcement near each face, Asd = 300mm2
using 10mm bars, A = (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 10²)/( 4) = 79mm2
The spacing of 10mm dia bars = 1000 X 79/( 300) = 260 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10mm dia bar, @ 260mm c/c both direction, 2 to 3mtr from top
At bottom, Ast = 0.3/( 100) x 200 x1000 = 600 mm2
Provide half the reinforcement near each face, Asd = 300 mm2
using 10mm bars, A = (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 10²)/( 4) = 79mm2
The spacing of 10mm dia bars = 1000 X 79/( 300) = 260 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10mm dia bar, @ 260mm c/c both direction, 3 to 5mtr from top, Keep clear cover
25mm

52
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OKN AT TOP
AND 50 KN AT BOTTOM

53
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN WALL

54
55
7) Design of Bottom Ring Beam: -
Load on ring beam:
(A) Load due to top dome = (Meridional trust x sin θ) = 21.90 x sin 54 = 21.90 x 0.809 =
17.72kN/m
(B) Load due to top ring beam = 0.20 x 0.20 x 25 = 1kN/m
(C) Load due to cylindrical wall = 0.20 x 5.00 x 25 = 25kN/m
(D) Self load of Ring beam
Assuming Beam, 0.80 x 0.40 = 0.80 x 0.40 x 25 = 8kN/m
Total (V1) = 51.72kN/m say 52kN/m
Horizontal force = H = V1 cot θ = 52.00 x 1 = 52.00kN/m
Hoop tension Hg = (H x D )/2 = (52.00 x 8.00 ) / 2.00 = 208kN/m
Hoop Tension due to water pressure = (w х h х d х D) /2
Hw = (10.00 x 5.00 x 0.40 x 8.00) /2 = 80kN/m
Total Hoop tension = Hg + Hw = 208 + 80 = 288.00kN/m
This to be rested entirely by steel hoops, the area of which is Ash = (288 X 1000)/( 130) = 2215 mm2
using 20mm bars, A = (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 20²)/( 4) = 314mm2
No. of hoop Bars = 2215 / 314 = 7.05 No. say 8 No.
Hence Provided 8 No. of 20mm dia Ring bar, for symmetry.
Actual, Ast = 8 x 314 = 2512mm2
Stress in equivalent section = (288 x 1000)/( 800 x 400+9.33 x2512) = 0.84N/mm2 < 1.2 N/mm2, hence
safe
The 10mm dia distribution bars (vertical bars) provided in the wall @150 mm c/c should take
round the above ring to act as stirrups.

56
Bottom ring beam
Staad design Ast=2198mm2
Manual design=2215mm2

57
8) DESIGN OF CONICAL DOME WALL: -
Average diameter of conical dome = (8.00 + 4.00) / 2 = 6.00mtr
Average depth of water = 5.00 + 1.33 / 2 = 5.67mtr
Weight of water above conical dome = 3.140 x 6.00 x 5.67 x 1.33 x 10 = 1423KN
Self-weight of slab (thickness 400 mm) = 3 x 6.00 x 2.83 x 0.4 x 25 =533 KN
Load from top dome, top beam, wall & bottom beam = 3.14 x 8.00 x 52.00 = 1307KN
Total load on conical slab = 3263kN
Load / unit Length(V2) = 3263 / (3.14 x 4.00) = 260kN/m
Meridional thrust = T = V2 x Cosec θ = 260 x cosec 45 = 260 x 1.414 = 368kN
Meridional Stress = (368 X 1000)/( 400 X 1000) = 0.92 N/mm2 < 5.00 N/mm2, safe
Hoop tension in conical dome will be maximum at top of the conical dome slab since diameter D is
maximum at this section.
Hoop tension = H = (p х cosec θ + q х cot θ) х D/2
Water pressure = p = 6.00 x 5.00 = 30.00kN/m2
Weight of conical dome slab per m2 is computed as, q= 0.4 x 25 = 10kN/m2
θ = 45 Degree D = 8m
H = (30 x cosec 45 + 10 x cot 45) x D /2
= (30 x 1.4142 + 10 x 1) x 8.00 / 2 = 210kN
Whole of which is to be resisted by steel, As = 210000 / 130 = 1615 mm2
Area of each face = 1615 / 2 = 808mm2
using 25mm bars, A = (π X d²)/( 4) = (π X 25²)/( 4) = 491 mm2
The spacing of 25mm dia bars = 1000 x (491/808) = 600 mm c/c
Hence Provided 25mm dia bar, @600mm c/c on each face of the slab
Actual, Ast = 2 x (1000 X 491)/( 600) = 1635mm2
58
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON CONICAL SLAB

59
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN CONICAL SLAB

60
At bottom, Ast = 0.2/( 100) X 1000 X 400 = 800mm2
Provide half the reinforcement near each face, Asd = 400 mm2
using 10mm bars, A = (π X d²)/( 4)=(π X 10²)/( 4) = 79mm2
The spacing of 10mm dia bars = 1000 x (79 / 400) = 190mm c/c
Hence Provide 10mm dia bar, @190mm c/c on both face along the meridions.
Maximum tensile stress = (210 X 1000)/( 400 X 1000+9.33 X 1635) = 0.51N/mm2 < 1.5N/mm2,
Hence safe

61
9) DESIGN OF BOTTOM SPHERICAL DOME: -
Thickness of Dom slab is assume = 200 mm
Diameter at base of slab = D = 4.00m
Central rise (D/5) = 0.8m
If R = radius of dome D = diameter of base = 4.00m r = central rise = D/5 = 0.80m
the radius is given by, R = ( 〖 (D/2) 〗 ^2+R²)/2R = (2^2+0.80²)/(2 X 0.80) = 2.90m

Self-weight of Dome slab = 2 x 3.14 x 2.900 x 0.80 x 0.200 x 25.00 = 73.00kN

Volume of water above the dome is,
= 3.14 x 2² х (6.3) - (6.28 х 〖 2.90 〗 ^2 х 0.80 )/3 - (3.14 х 2^2 х (2.90-0.80))/3 = 74m3
Weight of water = 74.0 x 10.00 = 740kN
Total load on dome = 73.0 + 740 = 813kN
Load / unit Length (V2) = 813/(3.14 х 4) = 65kN/m
Meridional thrust = T2 = WR/(1+ cos⁡θ )
Cos θ = 2.10 / 2.90 = 0.724 θ = 44 Degree
T2 = (65 х 2.90)/(1+0.724) = 110kN/m

62
LOAD ON BOTTOM DOME

63
Meridional Stress = (110 х 1000)/(200 х 1000) = 0.55N/mm2 < 8.00 N/mm2, safe
Circumferential force = wR x cos θ - 1/(1+ cos θ )
wR = 65 x 2.90 x 0.724 - 1/1.724 = 27.17KN/m
Hoop stress = (27.17 х 1000)/(200 х 1000) = 0.14 N/mm2 < 8.00 N/mm2, safe
Provide nominal reinforcement = 0.3/100 x 200 x 1000 = 600 mm2
using 10mm bars, A = (π X d²)/( 4)=(π X 10²)/( 4) = 79mm2
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x (79 / 650) = 121 say = 120mm
Hence Provided 10mm dia bar, @120mm c/c coreferential and along the meridions.

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10) DESIGN OF BOTTOM CIRCULAR GIRDER: -
Thrust from the conical dome T1 = 260kN/m
Acting at angle of a = 45 Degree
Thrust from spherical dome T2 = 110kN/m
Acting at angle of b = 44.50 Degree
Net horizontal force on ring beam = T1 cos a - T2 cos b
Net horizontal force on ring beam = (260.0 x 0.707) - (110.0 x 0.713) = 105.39kN/m
Hoop compression in the beam = 105.39 x (5 / 2) = 263.48kN
Assuming size of ring beam 400 x 800 mm
Hoop stress = (263.48 х 1000)/( 400 х 800) = 0.82 N/mm2 < 8 N/mm2, safe
Vertical load on ring beam = (T1 sin a + T2 sin b)
= 260.0 x 0.707 +110.0 x 0.701 = 261kN/m
Self-weight of Beam = 0.40 x 0.80 x 25 = 8kN/m
Total Load = 269kN/m

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Total design load on the Ring girder = W = 3.14 x D x w
W = 3.14 x 5 x 269 = 4224kN
The circular girder supported on 8 columns. Using the moment coefficient given in table 4.1
Maximum negative bending moment on supports = 0.0083 x wR
M = 0.0083 x 4224 x 2.00 = 71kN.m
Maximum Positive B.M. at mid span section = 0.0041 x wR
= 0.0041 x 4224 x 2.00 = 35kN/m
Maximum Torsional moment = 0.0006 x wR
= 0.0006 x 4224 x 2.00 = 6kN/m
Shear force at support section is = V = (w х R х p/( 4))/2 = (269.0 x 2 x 0.79) / 2 = 212kN
Shear force at section of maximum torsion is (At an angle of 12.75 degree from higher support)
V = 212 - (269.0 x 3.14 x 2 x 12.75) / 180 = 93kN
Design of support section M = 71KN/M V = 212kN
d = (71 х 1000000)/( 0.861 х 400) = 455 mm
Provide depth = 800 mm cover = 50mm Effective depth = 750mm
Ast = M/( σst х j х d)=(71 х 1000000)/( 130 х 0.861 х 750) = 846mm2
using 25mm bars, A= (π X d²)/( 4)=(π X 25²)/( 4) = 491mm2
No. of Bars = 846 / 491 = 2No.
Actual, Ast = 2 x 491 = 982mm2
tv = (212 х 1000)/( 400 х 750) = 0.71N/mm2

% Of steel used = 100 Ast/( b х d) = 100 x 982/( 400 х 750) = 0.327083333%

tc = 0.24 N/mm2
Since tc < tv 0.24 N/mm2 < 0.71 N/mm2
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Shear reinforcement required
Shear taken by concrete = (0.24 х 400 х 750)/( 1000) = 72kN
Balance shear = 212 – 72 = 140kN
Using 12mm dia 4 legged stirrups, spacing is, sv = (130 х 4 х 113.04 х 750)/( 140 х 1000) = 315 mm
Hence Provided 12mm dia bar, @310mm c/c center near supports.
Design of mid span section: -
Ast = M/( σst х j х d) =(35 х 1000000)/( 130 х 0.861 х 750) = 417mm2
But minimum area of steel is = 0.3/( 100) x 400 x 800 = 960mm2
using 25mm bars, A= (π X d²)/( 4)=(π X 25²)/( 4) = 491mm2
No. of Bars = 960 / 491 = 2No.
Actual, Ast = 2 x 491 = 982mm2
tv = (35 х 1000)/( 400 х 750) = 0.12N/mm2
% of steel used = 100 Ast/( b х d) = 100 x 982/( 400 х 750) = 0.327083333%
tc = 0.24 N/mm2
Since tc > tv 0.24 N/mm2 > 0.12 N/mm2, O.K.
Shear taken by concrete = (0.24 х 400 х 750)/( 1000) = 72kN
Balance shear = 35 – 72 = -37kN
Using 10mm dia 2 legged stirrups, spacing is, sv = (130 х 2 х 78.5 х 750)/(-37 х 1000) = -414 mm,
say -410 mm
But Sv > 0.75d or 300 mm whichever is less = 0.75 x 750 = 563 mm
Hence Provide 10mm dia, 2legged stirrups@ -410mm c/c .

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Design of section subject to maximum torsion: -
T = 6.00kN D = 800mm d = 750 mm
V = 93kN b = 400mm M=0
M1 = T х (1+ D/( b) )/( 1.7) = 6 х (1+ 800/( 400) )/( 1.7) = 11kN.m
Me1 = (M+M1) = 0 + 11.00 = 11. 00kN.m
Ast = Mc/( σst х j х d) = (11 х 1000000)/( 130 х 0.861 х 750) = 131 mm2
But minimum area of steel is = 0.3/( 100) x 400 x 800 = 960mm2
using 25mm bars, A= (π X d²)/( 4)=(π X 25²)/( 4) = 491mm2
No. of Bars = 960 / 491 = 2No.
Actual, Ast = 2 x 491 = 982mm2
Equivalent shear = Ve = V+1.6T/b = 93+ 1.6 x 6/0.4 = 117kN
Tve = Ve/bd = (117 х 1000)/(400 х 750) = 0.390 N/mm2
% of steel used = 100 Ast/( b х d) = 100 x 982/( 400 х 750) = 0.327083333 %
tc = 0.24N/mm2
Since tc < Tv 0.24 N/mm2 < 0.39 N/mm2 Shear reinforcement required
Using 12mm dia 4 legged stirrups, with side cover of 25mm and top and bottom cover of 50mm

Spacing, sv = (Asv х σst)/( (Tv-Tc) b) = (4 х 113.04 х 130)/( (0.390-0.24) х 400) = 980 mm

Hence Provided 12mm dia , 4 legged stirrups@ 970mm c/c .

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Design of tower – staad pro

69
Bracking, circular beams

70
 STAAD MODELLING

FINAL STAAD MODEL SANJU.std

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3D RENDERING PICTURE OF TANK

72
LOADS APPLIED ON TANK

73
SELFWT AND PARAPET LOAD ON
TOPRING BEAM AND MIDDLE LIVELOAD 1.5KN/M2 ON DOME TOP
RING BEAM APPLIED

74
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE MIN 0 AND MAXIMUM
50KN/M2. ON PLATES

75
WIND LOAD X POSITIVE AND X NEGATIVE
DIRECTION

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STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN PLATES

77
WIND LOAD Z POSITIVE AND Z NEGATIVE

78
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN TOP DOME

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 BOTTOM RING BEAM

STRESS LESS THAN 1.2N/MM2 SAFE

80
Stress distrubution in plates

81
82
83
TOP DOME BEAM

84
Top ring beam staad design

85
86
BOTTOM RING BEAM SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

87
88
STAAD LOAD PER COLUMN 502KN.
Vertical load on 417
= / 8 = 523 kN
each column 7

MANUAL DESIGN ..LOAD PER

COLUMN=523KN

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COLUMN DESIGN LOADS
FACTORED LOAD ON EACH COLUMN,

90
 ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS AND CONCRETE DESIGN
NO ERROR NO WARNING
NO ERROR

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FINAL DIMENSIONS

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93
 CONCLUSIONS:

• Both manual design and Staad designs are analyzed for the
same loading conditions
• First manual calculations are calculated and then these
dimensions are taken in Staad analysis.
• Results shown that no member fail and the design is stable.
• The reinforcement details of Staad does not give much
economical design.
• So the manual design is adopted for the construction of tank.

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 REFERENCES
• TEXT BOOK- Design of reinforced concrete structure by
S.Ramamrutham.
• IS 3370( Part – 4 1967). Code of practice for concrete
structure for the storage of liquids.
• Manchalwar,Athulkumar, and S.V.Bakre. International journal
of dynamics and control (2020):1-10.
• IS 456-2000. Indian standard code of practice for reinforced
concrete.

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THANK YOU

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