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Gerunds and Infinitives...

A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that can be used as a noun. Examples of gerunds include "reading", "swimming", and "walking". Gerunds can be the subject, complement, or object of a sentence. Infinitives are the base form of a verb, often preceded by "to" like "to learn" or "to swim". Infinitives can also be used as subjects, complements, or objects. Certain verbs take gerunds as objects while other verbs take infinitives.

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159 views17 pages

Gerunds and Infinitives...

A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that can be used as a noun. Examples of gerunds include "reading", "swimming", and "walking". Gerunds can be the subject, complement, or object of a sentence. Infinitives are the base form of a verb, often preceded by "to" like "to learn" or "to swim". Infinitives can also be used as subjects, complements, or objects. Certain verbs take gerunds as objects while other verbs take infinitives.

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A Gerund is a verbal noun - it is a verb acting as a noun. Gerunds are made by adding -ing to the base verb e.g.

watch / watching. Examples: - Reading helps you learn English. subject of sentence -Her favorite hobby is reading. complement of sentence -I enjoy reading. object of sentence

Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not." Examples: - He enjoys not working. -The best thing for your health is not smoking.

Gerunds can either be the subject or object of a verb: Gerund as a subject: "Skiing is great." Gerund as an object: "I love skiing." Gerunds are often used after state verbs e.g. "I enjoy walking in the park." "She hates smoking."

When you use a verb after a preposition in a sentence, use a gerund. "He ended his speech by thanking everyone." "Don't cross the road without looking." We also use gerunds after two-word prepositions. "I'm tired of working on the weekend." "She dreams of winning a gold medal."

Infinitives Infinitives are the base form of the verb e.g. look, see, watch. Infinitives can either be used alone or with to. Use an infinitive verb (without to) with modal verbs "We could go shopping tomorrow." "You had better call Jane before it gets too late."

We can use to + infinitive as the object of verbs like want and wish. "I really want to watch it again." "Do you wish to speak to her about it." We use to + infinitive after an adjective / adverb + enough. "Simon isn't old enough to drive." "You are too short to ride on the rollercoaster."

Infinitives are the "to" form of the verb. The infinitive form of "learn" is "to learn." You can also use an infinitive as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. Examples: To learn is important. subject of sentence The most important thing is to learn. complement of sentence He wants to learn. object of sentence

Infinitives can be made negative by adding "not." Examples: I decided not to go. The most important thing is not to give up.

Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday English. Infinitives emphasize the possibility or potential for something and sound more philosophical. If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence. Examples: Learning is important. normal subject To learn is important. abstract subject - less common

As the object of a sentence, it is more difficult to choose between a gerund or an infinitive. In such situations, gerunds and infinitives are not normally interchangeable. Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive. Examples: He enjoys swimming. "Enjoy" requires a gerund. He wants to swim. "Want" requires an infinitive.

. Some verbs are followed by gerunds as

objects. Examples: - She suggested going to a movie. - Mary keeps talking about her problems.

Some verbs are followed by infinitives. Examples: - She wants to go to a movie. - Mary needs to talk about her problems.

. Some verbs are followed by infinitives. Examples: She wants to go to a movie. Mary needs to talk about her problems.

The Gerund.flv

1 - The man was nervous of ___ when it was dark. jog to jog jogging 2 - My coffee is too cold ___. drinking drink to drink 3 - You can't ___ that dog into the shop. to bring bring bringing

4 - She doesn't feel like ___ out today. to go going go 5 - His mother made him ___ his raincoat. wearing wear to wear 6 - The baby refused ___ her vegetables. eating eat to eat

Thank you for your attention


Prepared by

x Filloreta Gjata x Silva Shehu

gr c

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