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Maths Project - Irrational Numbers

This document is a math project on irrational numbers created by Meenakhi Kataria for her 9th grade class. It defines irrational numbers as real numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers, such as π and √2. The document discusses the Greek mathematician Hippasus of Metapontum, who is credited with discovering irrational numbers in the 5th century BC while trying to represent √2 as a fraction. It also explains the importance of irrational numbers in fields like mathematics, physics, and engineering.

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3K views

Maths Project - Irrational Numbers

This document is a math project on irrational numbers created by Meenakhi Kataria for her 9th grade class. It defines irrational numbers as real numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers, such as π and √2. The document discusses the Greek mathematician Hippasus of Metapontum, who is credited with discovering irrational numbers in the 5th century BC while trying to represent √2 as a fraction. It also explains the importance of irrational numbers in fields like mathematics, physics, and engineering.

Uploaded by

Pocket Library
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Maths Project

Ch-1 (Number system)

Made by Meenakhi Kataria


School of specialized
Excellence (SOSE)
Class 9 B Team 3
Team members
 Jayant Kumar
 Shiva
 Anuj Kumar
 Ayush Kumar Soni
 Garv
 Meenakhi Kataria
Irrational numbers
 Irrational numbers are those real numbers that
cannot be represented in the form of a ratio. In other
words, those real numbers that are not rational
numbers are known as irrational numbers. 
 These cannot be expressed in the form of ratio, such
as p/q, where p and q are integers, q≠0. It is a
contradiction of rational numbers.
 P is used to represent irrational numbers.
Examples of Irrational numbers

• ㄫ (pi) is an irrational number. π=3⋅14159265… The


decimal value never stops at any point. Since the value of
ㄫ is closer to the fraction 22/7, we take the value of pi
as 22/7 or 3.14 
• √2 is an irrational number. Consider a right-
angled isosceles triangle, with the two equal sides AB
and BC of length 1 unit. By the Pythagoras theorem,
the hypotenuse AC will be √2. √2=1⋅414213⋅⋅⋅⋅
• Euler's number e is an irrational number.
e=2⋅718281⋅⋅⋅⋅
• Golden ratio, φ 1.61803398874989….
The founder of irrational numbers

Mathematician Hippasus of Metapontum


• The Greek mathematician Hippasus of Metapontum is credited with
discovering irrational numbers in the 5th century B.C., according to an
article from the University of Cambridge.
Discovery of irrational numbers
The story goes that Hippasus discovered
irrational numbers when trying to represent the
square root of 2 as a fraction (proof below).
However Pythagoras believed in the
absoluteness of numbers, and could not accept
the existence of irrational numbers.
Need of irrational numbers
Irrational numbers are needed in our daily life. For
example:-
In calculation , e is used to calculate the interest
compound ,irrational are used in trigonometric , pi is used to adjust
the car speedometer , Step-by-step explanation: Explanation:
Irrational numbers are a type of real number that cannot be
represented as a simple fraction.
Importance of irrational numbers

• Irrational numbers were introduced because they make everything a hell of a


lot easier. Without irrational numbers we don't have the continuum of the real
numbers, which makes geometry and physics and engineering either harder or
downright impossible to do. Conceptual math is very applicable to nature
Interesting fact
In India, in the fifteenth century, it was very clear
that people knew about irrational numbers. This is a
couplets written by Aryabhatta in his book.
“Why then is it that discarding exact value, only the
approximate one has been mentioned here? This is
the answer: because it (the exact value) cannot be
mentioned. If the diameter, measured with respect to
a particular unit of measurement, is commensurable,
then w.r.t. the same unit, the circumference cannot be
exactly measured; and if w.r.t. any unit the circumference
is commensurable, the diameter cannot be
measured. Thus there will never be commensurability
for both w.r.t. the same unit of measurement. Even after
going a long way, the degree of commensurability can
be made very small, but absolute commensurability can
never be attained”.
– Translation by Prof C N Srinivasiengar in 1967
Thank
you

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