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Stoichiometry

This document provides information on stoichiometry and how to use mole ratios to solve stoichiometric calculations. It defines key terms like mole ratio and explains how to set up and solve stoichiometry problems by converting between moles, masses, and particles. Examples show how to use the mole ratio to determine the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction based on the amounts of other substances provided. Stoichiometry allows predicting products and amounts needed of reactants based on balanced chemical equations.

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Justin Huynh
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132 views15 pages

Stoichiometry

This document provides information on stoichiometry and how to use mole ratios to solve stoichiometric calculations. It defines key terms like mole ratio and explains how to set up and solve stoichiometry problems by converting between moles, masses, and particles. Examples show how to use the mole ratio to determine the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction based on the amounts of other substances provided. Stoichiometry allows predicting products and amounts needed of reactants based on balanced chemical equations.

Uploaded by

Justin Huynh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STOICHIOMETRY 436

 5.6 – To determine, using


stoichiometric calculations, the
quantity of a substance involved in
a chemical reaction.

 5.8 – To solve numerical problems


related to stoichiometry.
A mole is the amount of substance
that contains 6.02 x 1023 particles of
that substance

n (moles) = mass of substance (g)


molar mass of substance (g/mol)
 Stoichiometry:
 uses ratios of a chemical reaction to
determine the amounts of elements/
compounds (reactants & products)
involved in a chemical change
Magnesium metal reacts with oxygen
to produce magnesium oxide.
2Mg + O2  2MgO
2 : 1 : 2
 Mole Ratio –
 describes the ratio in which the substances
combine
 Ex. for every 2 Mg, 1 O2 needed

 used to predict what will happen


 Ex. for every 2 Mg & 1 O2, 2 MgO will be
4 moles of magnesium metal reacts
with oxygen to produce magnesium
oxide. How many moles of MgO are
produced?
2Mg + O2  2MgO

Mole Ratio 2 : 1 : 2

from mole ratio


Set up ratio

2 moles Mg 2 moles MgO


=
4 moles Mg ? moles MgO
from question
Solve by cross multiplying

2 moles Mg 2 moles MgO


=
4 moles Mg ? moles MgO

4x2÷2

4 moles MgO
are produced
Iron metal reacts with oxygen to
produce 3 moles of iron (III) oxide.
How many moles of oxygen were
needed in the reaction?
4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3

Mole Ratio 4 : 3 : 2

from mole ratio


Set up ratio

3 moles O2 2 moles Fe2O3


=
? moles O2 3 moles Fe2O3
from question
Solve by cross multiplying

3 moles O2 2 moles Fe2O3


=
? moles O2 3 moles Fe2O3

3x3÷2

4.5 moles O2 are


needed
How many moles of nitrogen gas &
hydrogen gas are required to make
7.5 mol of ammonia?
N2 + 3H2  2NH3
1 : 3 : 2
Solve for moles of N2:
1 mole N2 2 moles NH3 11.25 moles H2
= are required
? moles N2 7.5 moles NH3
3.75 moles N2 Solve for moles of H2:
are required 3 mole H2 2 moles NH3
=
? moles H2 7.5 moles NH3
We can now add mass into problems
involving stoichiometry.
Recall,
n (moles) = mass of substance (g)
molar mass of substance (g/mol)

How many moles are in 12.5g of Ca?


n (moles) = 12.5g
0.3125 mol of Ca
40g/mol

How many moles are in 2.4g of NO2?


n (moles) = 2.4g
0.052 mol of NO2
46g/mol
How many moles of Li are needed to
react with fluorine gas to make 435g
of lithium fluoride?
2Li + F2  2LiF
2 : 1 : 2
Solve for moles of LiF:
n (moles) = 435g
26g/mol Solve for moles of Li:

16.73 mol of LiF 2 moles Li


= 2 moles LiF
? moles Li 16.73 mol LiF
16.73 moles Li
are needed
How many grams of NaClO3 must be
decomposed to produce sodium
chloride & 1.65 moles of oxygen?
2NaClO3  2NaCl + 3O2
2 : 2 : 3

Solve for moles of NaClO3:


2 mol NaClO3 3 mol O2
=
? mol NaClO3 1.65 mol O2
1.1 mol of NaClO3

Solve for mass of NaClO3:


1.1 mol = ?g 116.6g of
106 g/mol NaClO3
3g of magnesium react with how many
grams of hydrochloric acid to produce
hydrogen gas & magnesium chloride?

Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2
1 : 2 : 1 : 1
Solve for moles of Mg:
n = 3g
24 g/mol Solve for mass of HCl:

0.125 mol of Mg 0.25mol = ? g


36 g/mol

Solve for moles of HCl:


9g of HCl
1 mol Mg = 2 mol HCl
0.125 mol Mg ? mol HCl 0.25 mol of HCl
 Always find moles first!!!
n (moles) = mass of substance (g)
molar mass of substance (g/mol)

 Use mole ratio to find the moles of each


reactant & product

 Remember, the equation must be


balanced to give you the mole ratio
 Worksheet #

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