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Ib Bio 1.2 2

The document outlines key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, divide via binary fission, and are unicellular. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger, have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain linear DNA within a nucleus, can divide via mitosis or meiosis, and are often multicellular. Their cell walls also differ, with prokaryotes having peptidoglycan and eukaryotes having cellulose or chitin.

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Madhavi Kapadia
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61 views41 pages

Ib Bio 1.2 2

The document outlines key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller, lack membrane-bound organelles, have circular DNA, divide via binary fission, and are unicellular. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger, have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain linear DNA within a nucleus, can divide via mitosis or meiosis, and are often multicellular. Their cell walls also differ, with prokaryotes having peptidoglycan and eukaryotes having cellulose or chitin.

Uploaded by

Madhavi Kapadia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mitochondria 

– Cells with many mitochondria typically undertake energy-consuming processes


(e.g. neurons, muscle cells)
ER – Cells with extensive ER networks undertake secretory activities (e.g. plasma cells, exocrine
gland cells)
Lysosomes – Cells rich in lysosomes tend to undertake digestive processes (e.g. phagocytes)
Chloroplasts – Cells with chloroplasts undergo photosynthesis (e.g. plant leaf tissue but not root
Outline the major differences between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
PROKARY EUKARYO
Tiny (≈ 0.2 - 10 μm) OTE TEBigger (≈ 10 - 100 μm)
No membrane bound organelles Membrane bound organelles (1.2.U2)
Ribosomes
Division by binary fission, mitosis
Division by binary fission (1.2.U3) DNA or meiosis

Cell membrane
Cell wall with
Cell wall with peptidoglycan cellulose (plants) of chitin (fungus)
Cytoplasm
DNA in nucleoid DNA in nucleus
Essential functions of life (with nuclear membrane)
(no nuclear membrane)

Flagella moves laterally


Flagella rotates
DNA is linear and associated
DNA is circular and naked (3.2.U1) with histone proteins (3.2.U3)

Smaller 70s ribosomes Larger 80s ribosomes

Can have plasmids (3.2.U2) Does not have plasmids

Unicellular or multicellular (1.1.U4)


All unicellular (1.1.U4)

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