Developmental

Reading
Professor: Emma S. Babia
 Reading
1. Decoding written symbols
2. Getting meaning from the printed page
3. Putting meaning into the printed page
4. Process of interpreting the written symbols
5. Process of communication between author
and reader
 Developmental Reading
Refers to a comprehensive reading program which consists of
several periods or stages which coincide with the individual’s
developmental stages of growth.
DEVELOPMENTAL
READING

Reading Beginning Rapid growth Refinement

readiness reading (grades III-IV) and wide
(nursery, (grades I & II) reading (grade
kinder-garten) VI-high school
& college)
 The Different Kinds of Reading
Reading can be classified according to the rate or speed at which
a person reads as well as to his purpose in reading.
For certain tasks, skimming and scanning are most appropriate.
1. Skimming is reading by the sign posts or clues in the
selection. It is fast reading in which the reader reads headings and
topic sentences.
2. Scanning on the other hand, is glancing through a page to
locate a particular kind of information.
 3. Idea Reading is rapid reading for the main
idea. Moving swiftly, the eyes large phrases at each
glance and register in the brain only the most
significant words.

4. Exploratory Reading is done when one aims

to get a fairly accurate picture of a whole
presentation of ideas.
 5. Study Reading the learner gets a maximum understanding
of the main ideas and their relationships. The SQ3R reading
formula is a good example of the procedure. It is used especially in
science, mathematics, social studies, and arts.
S-stands for Survey
Q-for Question
3R’s- for Read, Recite and Review
6. Critical Reading the readers stops to consider the facts
carefully. This kind of reading used on periodicals, books, and
advertising materials which are loaded with propaganda devices
designed to sway opinions or sell products.
 Characteristics of the Reading Process
1. Complex – affected by a number of correlates or factors
2. Two – Way – communication between reader and author
3. Largely a visual process – good eyesight
4. Active – thinking process
5. Makes use of Linguistic System – phonology, morphology and syntax of a
language
6. Dependent on the reader’s prior knowledge
Affected by a number of correlates or factors :
 Physiological  Sociological
 Psychological  Environmental and linguistic factors
 Mental
 Reading as a Physiological Process
Facts:
- Reading involves both physiological process and a mental or cognitive process.
- Most basic is for the eyes to see, identify and recognize the printer word or images.
- Several eye movements.
 Fixation – getting fixated on a word/words
 Inter – fixation – moving from the stopping point to the other
 Return Sweeps – eyes swinging back from end line t the beginning of the line
 Saccades – jerky eye movement done by literate people – moving ahead on a line
of print
 Regression – backward right – to – left movement
 Span of recognition – eye’s recognition of a group of words
Reading as a Cognitive Process:
 Refers to process of knowing
 Something known as perceived
 Knowledge
Reading as Communication Process:
 Language is a code system used by humans to communicate.
 In order to recognize and appreciate what man is reading, the language must have
the ff. characteristics.
a.) Clarity
b.) Simplicity
c.) Use adapted language - relative to the reader’s age , educational
attainment , gender , etc.
d.) Forceful - use language which provides color interest and excitement.
Reading as Skill/Skills: 16. Reading from the internet
15. Exposure to reading from mass
media
14. Starting your private library
collection
13. Borrowing library books for
research and enjoyment
12. Using the encyclopedias and
other reference books
11. Using the dictionary
10. Using parts of the book
9. Classifying and organizing facts
8. Interfering meanings, drawing
conclusions
7. Finding the supporting details
6. Finding the main idea
5. Vocabulary building
4. Using contextual clues
3. Using structural analysis
2. Using phonetic analysis
1. Basic sight words

Reading Skills Ladder

Reading as a Psycho-Social Process
People read messages from:
- official communication
- mass media
- social media
- internet
Reading as a Process of Development
Stages in reading development:
1. Reading readiness - nursery and kindergarten pupils
2. Beginning Reading - grades 1 and 2
3. Period of Rapid Growth or expanding ability - grades 3 and 4
4. Period of refinement in the use of the reading tool - grade 6, high school
and college
Reading Program Materials in:
1. Developmental Reading
Aimed at developing the reading skills of the students
Vocabulary
Sequenced
Sentence Structure
2. Remedial Reading
Aimed at overcoming the reading difficulties
Poor Vocabulary – give materials designed to improve word recognition and
vocabulary skills.
3. Recreatory Reading
Aimed at developing the appreciation and taste in selecting the reading materials.
4. Functional Reading
Aimed at developing comprehension and utilization skills in areas of study, reference
materials and reading in other subject fields.
Chapter II – Theories on Teaching Reading
 Top-down reading model, also known as inside-out model, concept-
driven model, and whole-to-part model, uses the meaning given by the reader to
the text. Its feature includes the following:
 It allows reading to decode a text even without understanding the meaning of each
word.
 It helps recognize unfamiliar words through the use of meaning and grammatical cues.
 It emphasizes reading for meaning instead of giving attention to each word, its letters
and sounds.
 It engages the readers in meaning activities instead of concentration on the
enhancement of word-attack skills.
 It considers reading of sentences, paragraphs, and whole texts as the core of
construction.
 It identifies the amount and kind of information derived from reading as an important
element.
 Bottom-Up Reading Model

Bottom-up Reading Model, also known as

part-to-whole model, considers the importance of
the written or printed text as it brings about
reading. The views of the following researchers
about the bottom-up reading model helps in
understanding it better.
 Interactive Reading Model

An Interactive Reading Model is an

attempt to combine the two models, the top-
down and the bottom- up. It selects the strong
points of both models and integers them in
learning to read.
 Literary Appreciation Skills
Literature tells you many things. It tells you the stories of
real people who grapple with problems that the urgency in
today’s living brings. It recounts the experiences of ordinary
country folk who delight at the simple joys of life. It narrates the
exploits or adventures of the immortals and the supernatural
beings who thrill us with their incredible powers.
Literature relates all these things its elements such as poetic
language, tone and mood, character, setting, plot, and theme.
THANK YOU
AND
GOODLUCK!