Philippine Clean Air Act

RA-8749

PCO Seminar
October 29, 2009
Century Resort Hotel
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
1. Introduction
2. Air quality management
- NAAQV
3. Coverage
4. Stationary/point sources
– Permit requirements
– SMR requirements
– Sampling requirements
– Standards-ambient (NAAQS) /emissions (NESSAP)
5. Mobile & Area sources
6. Other sources-local/regional/global
 RA - 8749
LEGISLATION
• Is a comprehensive air pollution
management and control program aimed
to achieve and maintain a healthy air.
• This Act repeals Presidential Decree
1181, and partly modifies Presidential
Decrees 1152, 1586, and 984.(Effectivity-
July 17,1999)
• Department Administrative Order 2000-81
-the Implementing Rules and Regulations
of RA-8749 (Effectivity-Nov. 25, 2000)
Implementation of the CAA

DENR - Lead Implementing Agency

EMB Central - policy issuance/directives
EMB R3 (PCD-AQMS)
- regulation of stationary sources
- monitoring of emissions & ambient air quality
DENR R3 –(RED) –DAO-2005-04
- IEC/carrying out CDO issued by the PAB
PENROs & CENROs
- IEC, joint monitoring
Other Agencies Tasked to Implement the CAA

• DOTC : Implement the emission

standards for motor

vehicles; authorize PETC

• DOE : Regulate the use of

fuels, fuel additives and
other related substances
Other Agencies Tasked to Implement the CAA

DTI:
Develop and implement standards and
procedures for the certification of training
institutions, instructors and facilities and
licensing of qualified private service centers
and technicians; accredit PETC; regulate
imported 2nd hand MV & engines
 Other Agencies Tasked to Implement the CAA

• DOST : Coordinate with the DENR in

the establishment of the Air
Pollution Research and
Development Program
• LGU : Manage and maintain the air
quality within their territorial
jurisdiction
• NGOs, POs and Stakeholders:
Participate & cooperate on the
objectives of the Act
 Ambient Air Quality Management
Ambient Concentration

Sources & Emissions Exposure

Policy
Air Quality Management
Technical
Issues System
Options
CAA, AO etc. Cleaner
production,
DENR-EMB,Other Govt. Agencies,
Control devices etc
NGOs, LGUs, POs & Industries
 2. Air Quality Management

• Designation of Airshed
– The country will be divided
into different airsheds based
on climate,weather,
meteorology and topology
– Each airshed will be
classified as attainment and
non-attainment area
– An airshed may be non-
attainment area for one or
more criteria pollutants and
attainment for the others
Scales of air pollution
- Local : Source and receptor are in close proximity
(100-500 metres)
- Urban scale: A centre city surrounded by its suburbs,
which in turnare surrounded by a non-
urban hinterland (4-50 Kilometres)
Regional and continental :
(> 100 Kilometres)

Soil/Forest/Inland
aquatic

Soil/Forest

Soil

Inland aquatic

Location of ecological monitoring sites

 Global : represent concentrations characterizing
the nation and the globe as a whole.

Map of nitrogen dioxide pollution makes clear just how human activities impact air quality. Data are from the Scanning
Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument on Envisat. From European
Space Agency
The Overall Picture

(IPCC, 2001)
Metro Manila Airshed Boundaries
& major air stream

NE moonsoon-Oct-Mar

Composed of 25 cities &

83 municipalities
North Pacific Trades-April-May

SW moonsoon-May-Oct
National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines
Values (NAAQGV)

• Are set to protect the public health, safety &

general welfare
INDICATOR

• Criteria pollutants- TSP, PM-10, PM2.5, BAD

SO2,NO2,CO &
Pb @ 3 mos. average.
GOOD
Size ranges of common atmospheric particles

18
Source: Air Quality, Godish, 1991, p. 55
 PM-10 is an air pollutant based on size

• Substances smaller than 10 microns diameter.

• How small is 10 microns?

Human Hair
70 Microns
PM-10

10 Microns
 PM-10 can consist of numerous pollutants

• Complex mixture. Can exist in either solid or liquid form,

or a mixture of both.
• Elements.
Nitrates (NOx)
• Compounds. Organics
Smoke
(PAH’s)
Salts Dirt
(Na, Cl)
PM-10 Soot
Soil
Sulfates (SOx)
Heavy Metals
(Fe, Pb, Cd) Dust
Aerosols Carbon (C)
 NAAQ Guideline Values
Pollutants ug/Ncm ppm ug/Ncm ppm
TSP 230 24 hrs 90 1 yr
PM-10 150 60
SO2 180 0.07 24 hrs 80 0.03 1 yr

NO2 159 0.08 24 hrs

Photochemical 140 0.07 24 hrs

Oxidant as
60 0.03 8 hrs
Ozone
CO 35 mg/Ncm 30 24 hrs
10 mg/Ncm 9 8 hrs

Lead 1.5 3 mos 1.0 1yr

 Wakas, Bocaue

Sn. Fernando City

Pampanga

Meycauayan, Bulacan

AIR QUALITY
MONITORING
STATIONS
Air Quality Monitoring Network
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BUREAU
AUTOMATIC MONITORING STATIONS
3. Coverage
All potential sources of air pollution
I -point/stationary
II -mobile and
III -area sources
- must comply with the provisions of the law.

- all emissions must be within the ambient

air quality standards (NAAQS) & emission
standards (NESSAP).
Permitting

• For complying sources

- regular POA – 1-5 yrs.
• For new/modified sources
- a TPOA-3 mos.validity
• For non-complying sources
- no permit
- a Notice of Violation will be issued
Permit to Operate requirements
(for New or Modified Sources)
• Completed application form (Notarized)
• Statement of compliance or non-compliance supported by
actual test data or engineering estimate using AP-42.
• Compliance action plan for not meeting regulatory
requirements. Plan may include use of cleaner fuel,
control device, air/fuel adjustments or modification of
internal parts to improve combustion etc.
• PCO registration
• Zerox copy of ECC
• For sources potential to emit <100 tons/yr emissions:
- Engineering Report
- Manual & Pictures
• For sources potential to emit >100 tons/yr emissions:
- Engineering Report
- Plans/Specification
Permit to Operate requirements
(renewal)

• Completed application form (Notarized)

• Copy of latest POA (photocopy)
• Statement of compliance or non-compliance supported by
actual test data or engineering estimate using AP-42.
• Compliance action plan for sources not meeting
regulatory requirements.
- Plan may include use of cleaner fuel, control device,
air/fuel adjustments or modification of internal parts to
improve combustion etc.
POA application form
Policy on Compliance and Permitting
for Industrial Facilities Relating to Air
Quality - MC No. 2007-003 (12/7/07)
Rationale:
•Standardization of permitting procedures
•Clarification for:
• How do facilities demonstrate compliance?
• Which sources will require emission test
data and dispersion modeling results?
•“Polluter pays” principle
Definitions

• Environmentally significant source:

– Any source of emissions of hazardous air
pollutants included on the list of Priority
Chemicals in DAO 1998-58
– The principal emission sources at
petroleum refineries, petrochemical works,
smelters, cement kilns, steel mill, ferro-
alloy and glass-making plants
Definitions

• Large source:
– A boiler with a power rating of 251 hp or
greater
– A diesel generator with a power rating of
1,250 kW or greater (regardless of its
frequency of operation)
– Any other source that has a potential to emit
100 tonnes or more per year of an air
pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act
Definitions

• Medium source:
– A boiler with a power rating of 100 - 250 hp
or greater
– A diesel generator with a power rating of
600 – 1,249 kW (regardless of its frequency
of operation)
– Any other source that has a potential to emit
30 - 99 tonnes or more per year of an air
pollutant regulated under the Clean Air Act
Definitions

• Small source:
– A boiler with a power rating of 99 hp or
less
– A diesel generator with a power rating of
599 kW or less (regardless of its
frequency of operation)
– Any other source that has a potential to
emit 10 - 30 tonnes or more per year of an
air pollutant regulated under the Clean Air
Act
Permitting Policies

• Permits will be enhanced

• For new or modified sources EMB shall not
accept application or issue permit for sources
that can not or will not comply
• For existing sources that do not comply current
enforcement procedures shall apply
• For new large sources permit applicants shall be
required to demonstrate compliance w/ emission
test and dispersion modeling. For medium
sources only emission test will be required
Permitting Policies

• For new or modified sources TPOA may be

issued to allow compliance testing. No TPOA
will be issued in cases of non-compliance
• EMB shall specify routine testing
requirements for permits.
-For large or environmentally significant

source 2x per yr.

-For medium sources 1x per yr.
-For small sources initially & 1x per 2 yrs
Existing sources do not require emission
testing for permitting purposes

• Boilres rated less than 50Hp

• Diesel generators rated less than 300 kW
• Other sources that have the potential to emit less
than 10 Tons per year of an air pollutant
regulated under the Act
Policy on Compliance Testing

• For what purposes do we require

compliance testing?
– For permitting purposes (initial or renewal)
– For routine compliance check
– After modifications have been made to a
source to achieve compliance
– To investigate a pollution complaint
MC-2009-004 dated Apr. 1, 2009
Amendment of DAO 2007-003

• All generator sets w/ capacity of 1,250 KW or more

(classified as large source) operated on stand-by basis
shall be required for emission testing once a yr. w/ 3 test
runs to demonstrate compliance.
• Provided that the stand-by gen set does not have the
potential to emit 100 Tons/yr of any regulated pollutant.
• Prior to implementation, industrial facility owner or
operator shall submit to EMB a computation of its
potential to emit of regulated pollutants using actual or
previous stack test related to its annual operating hours
MC-2009-004 dated Apr. 1, 2009
Amendment of DAO 2007-003

Using this equation:

AMR=(6x10E-8) x C x VFR x AOR

where: AMR (Tons/yr) = Annual Mass Rate
C (mg/Ncm) = Air pollutant concentration
VFR (Ncm/min.) =Ave.(dry gas)volumetric flow rate
AOR (hrs/yr) = annual operating hours
(6x10E-8) = conversion factor
Permiting Procedure

• Require test & modeling data that demonstrate

complainace for the permitting of a large or significant
new or modified sources
• For small & med-sized new sources- accept emission
estimates based on emissoin factors & calculation
proceedures
• Advise applicants whether a compliance testing is
required either before or when an application is lodged
• If the required test results is not submitted w/ an
application EMB may either return the application or
issue a TPOA. Compliance shall be demonstrated
before a regular POA is issued
Permiting Procedure

• If test results indicate non-compliance, EMB shall not accept

or process the application or issue POA (even a TPOA)
• Where the test results are incunclusive, EMB may issue a
TPOA to allow further testing
• If EMB believes that the submitted test results are unreliable,
it shall ask the applicant to conduct another test
• Where an existing source fails to comply w/ emission
standards, enforcement procedures will be followed
-service of NOV
-conduct of TC
-submission of compliance plan for approval
where necessary adjudication of the case by the PAB
Policy on Compliance Testing

• For what purposes do we require

compliance testing?
– For permitting purposes (initial or renewal)
– For routine compliance check
– After modifications have been made to a
source to achieve compliance
– To investigate a pollution complaint
 GUIDELINES ON PERMIT ASSESSMENT AND ISSUANCE

ASSESSMENT OF APPLICATION EVALUATION OF PROPOSAL PERMIT ISSUANCE

APPLICATION

Facility Inspection
For ALL Permits: Engineering Report
Emission Estimates (e.g. AP 42)
•Application notarized
Emission test report evaluation
•Fees paid
•Copy of ECC/CNC
•PCO designation

Additional information for Any discharge

RENEWALS: parameters > 100 t/yr Enhanced Permit
•Copy of current permit
Attach Conditions
•PCO accreditation
Meets CAA/IRRs General
Special
Dispersion Modelling
Administrative

Engineering Report
Plans and specifications
Site and vicinity map BACT for attainment areas
Emission estimates or Emission test LAER for non-attainment areas
results
Dispersion Modelling
ISSUE PERMIT
RETURN
APPLICATION
Demonstrating Compliance

• What is our role during compliance

testing?
– As QA/QC observers only
– Prior to the testing, a test plan shall be
submitted to EMB shall advice the facility of
the source(s) and pollutant(s) to be tested, the
test methods, the required operating
conditions and the data required.
– The permittee must arrange for a duly-
accredited third party contractor to conduct the
compliance test, and bear the cost of doing so.
 Emission sampling

SMC-Brewery Pepsi-San Fernando

Sampling requirements dwg-1
FOR SMOKE STACKS EQUAL OR MORE THAN 12” DIA.
Sampling requirements dwg-2
Sampling requirements dwg-3

2.5 Di
Sampling requirements dwg-4
Sampling requirements dwg-5
Sampling requirements dwg-6
SO2 Emission test data generated within the MM airshed
For Boilers:

concentration
3500+

1500
700
Sulfur content of fuel
0.3% 1% 3%
For Deisel Engine Generators:
concentration

2500+
1500
700

0.6% 1.8% 3%
Sulfur content of fuel
 As a result of the sampling activities by the
OSP, QA/QC and EMB R3
• 2 - firms had changed fr. bunker C-fired Boiler to a CFB coal-fired
Boiler (clean coal technology) 30 MW and 50MW
• 7 -firms has already replaced their bunker C fired boilers into coal
fired boilers
• 8– firms had changed fr. Bunker C-fired Boiler to a Biomass-Fired
(rice hulls) Boiler
• 1- firm had installed a chemical scrubber on their bunker –C fired
boiler & 1 firm are in the process of installation
• 50+ firms has changed fuel fr. Bunker C to LSFO or
industrial/automotive diesel for new sources and fuel blending for
old sources (70% deisel/30%bunker)
• 2 existing sugar mill & 7 woodwaste-fired boiler (kiln drying) has
significantly improved their existing APCD but still failed the 500
mg/Ncm CO standard
• 1 firm changed fuel fr. Bunker C to trimmings/textile & sligthly failed
PM and CO
• Other firms still in the process of implementation of their approved
Compliance Plans/closed operation
CEMS Guidelines- DAO 2007-22
Coverage:
• Existing major industries with a potential to emit of
at least 750 tons per year for each applicable
pollutant listed in Section 4, Rule IX of DAO 2000-
81 measured after the pollution control installation
must install a CEMS/COMS for that pollutant.
• Industries engaged in emissions trading or
averaging are required to install CEMS for that
parameter.
CEMS Guidelines – DAO 2007-22
• 750 MT/yr emission CEMS/COMS
Requirement:
- quarterly Cylinder Gas Audit (CGA)
- yearly Relative Accuracy Testing Audit (RATA)
- 75% data capture
- time sharing
• 100-749MT/yr may use PEMS or CEMS
Requirement:
- submission of PEMS procedure for approval
- need accuracy validation
CEMS Guidelines – DAO 2007-22
Exemptions
• Standby, emergency, seasonal, and intermittently
operating facilities that operate less than 500 hours
per year. Provided that these emission sources
may be subject to third party monitoring or other
means as approved by EMB
• Predictive or Parametric Emission Monitoring
Systems (PEMS) can be used, provided that audits
and/or calibration of such systems shall be carried
out at least annually. The audit procedures for the
PEMS are subject to approval of the Bureau.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)

• Discharge of air pollutants that

result in airborne concentrations
in excess of NAAQS shall not be
permitted
• sampling shall be done at the
highest expected concentration
• elevation of at least 2 m either at
the property line or at a
downwind distance of 5-20 times
the stack height
Ambient air sampling site locations

upwind downwind

plume

h stock piles
Sta. 2
Sta. 1
gen set

2m

Boundary line Boundary line

5-20 x the stack
height
d) Emission & Ambient standards

Pollutant Emission std Ambient std

ug/Ncm
mg/Ncm
PM 150 300

SOx Old- 1,500 0.3

New- 700
NOx Old- 2000 0.4
New- 500
CO 500
Prohibited Acts

• Fugitive Particulates
Emissions
• VOCs or Organic
Solvent Emissions
• Nuisance
• Open Burning
 Mobile Sources
DENR:
Emission Standards
-issuance of COC for new
vehicles (EURO-1)
DOTC/LTO:
implementation
-issuance of CCES for in-use
vehicles

Report smoke belchers using your cell phone

- text USOK <plate no> send to 2366
 REGION III MOBILE SOURCE INVENTORY 2006

340267.40
350000.00

300000.00

250000.00

EMISSION LOAD 200000.00

(TONS/YEAR)
150000.00
112291.63
100000.00 46215.27
30632.78
50000.00 154.50

0.00
TOG CO NOX SOX PM
EMISSION PARAMETER
DOTC Suspended PETCs

ACTION 2004 2005

Suspended 81 26
Cancellation 8 3
For R3 – a total if 52 PETC
 Area Sources (local sources)
 Source of air emissions that is not confined to
discrete points or points of emission
-unpaved/paved roadways
-construction sites
-industrial facilities
-Com.Ind’l.,small, non-
regulated pt. sources
-burning of solid
waste/grass/forest fires
-burning of biomass after
harvest

Status: a letter was sent to all

LGU,s to stop open burning of
solidwaste
SECTION 20, RA 8749

INCINERATION is the
burning of municipal, bio-
medical & hazardous
waste, which process
emits poisonous & toxic
fumes is hereby
prohibited
- use of non-burn
technologies
5. Other Sources of Air Pollution
(local sources)

• Smoking is banned beginning May

25, 2001, in any of the following
locations:
– inside public building
– enclosed public places including
public vehicles and other means of
transport
– Enclosed area outside of one’s private
residence, private place of work; or
– Any duly designated area which will
be enclosed.
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
(regional/global sources)

• Are chemical substances that persist in the

environment , bioaccumulate through the food
web ,travel long distances,& pose a risk causing
adverse effects to human heath & environment.

Status: Established the National Implementation Plan on

POPs thru the on-going UNDP Enabling Activity Project.
OZONE-DEPLETING
SUBSTANCES
(global sources)

Enforcement of Philippine Ozone

Depleting Substances Phase Out
Schedule consistent with terms &
condition of the Montreal
Protocol
Revision of the List of ODS
Examples:
- Refrigerants

(R11,R12,R22,)
- blowing agents
- aerosols
(spray paint)
OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
(regional/global sources)

Prepare and
implement a national
action plan consistent
with the United
Nations Framework
Convention on Climate
Change

Status: Completed but needs updating to

include CDM.
 • global average
air temperature

increased by
0.74°C from
1906 to 2005

400

350
CO2 Concentration
Temperature
25

20
• CO2 and
300 15
Temp
p p m v2 C O

graph
250 10

200 5

C
o
150 0

100 -5

50 -10

0 -15
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

T housand Ye ars Before Present

 Greenhouse effect

A thin envelope of air surrounds the planet. We use its

oxygen, exhaling carbon dioxide, which vegetation absorbs.
Plants use the carbon for growth by the marvelous process
called photosynthesis, and return oxygen to the atmosphere.
Thus nature's delicate balance is maintained.
Human Sources of GHGs
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – Most prevalent GHG
Methane (CH4) – Second most common, 21x the potency of CO2
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) – 310x the potency of CO2
Other Gases – HFCs, PFCs, and SF6 = range 600 – 23900x potency of CO2

Transportation
Land Use:
Energy Generation
Agriculture & Forestry
Industrial Processes
Greenhouse effect

•Global Warming

•Extreme weather

•Melting of ice caps

•Sea level rise

Little changes, Big difference.

THANK YOU!!!

visit our web site:

emb.gov.ph
Monitoring Results( 2007-08)

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Monitoring Results ( 2007-08)

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Monitoring Results( 2007-08)

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(Clarkfield Pampanga Station)

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