DESIGN OF OHE STRUCTURES

AND FOUNDATION

1
 Stress = Force/Area
Strain = increase in length
the original length
Moment = Force x Distance
Hook’s law
With the elastic limit stress is proportional to strain
or stress = Constant or E known as modulus of elasticity
strain

. A M M B

i) For the simply supported beam the shear force is P and remains
constant for the entire beam.
ii) Bending moment is the moment trying trying to bend a member. The
restoring moment is the moment which tries to oppose this moment. 2
 A
C

H
G
y
E F

D
B
(a)
BENDING O


A1 R
C1
G1 H1
E1
F1
y
B1
D1
3
A OC = 

G H = R. 
change in E ‘F’ = (R + y)  - R
( R  y)  R y
Strain  
R R
E.y
stress 
R
Consider small area at a distance of y from N.P
E.y
stress  A
R N
y
Ey a
total force  . a
r 4
 Moment of this force about N.À
Ey a .y
 .
. R
Ey 2 a

R
Algebric sum of all such moments is M.
Ey 2 E y 2 a
M a  
R R 

Let  y 2 a = I
E
 M .I
R
M E
or 
I R

Ey ƒ M E
also ƒ    
R y I R 5
 Differential equation of flexure

O
Y
d R
Q

ds
P
P (x, y)
Q (x + dx, y+dy)
 +d
O X

6
 ds
d 
R
ds - dx (approx)
dx
 d 
R
d
or  1
R
dx
dy
By Calculus tan 
dx
dy d d 2
y 1
 ( is small)  
dx dx dx 2 R
M
 E/R
I
1 M
 
R EI
d2y M
This is known as differential equation of flexure or 2 
dx EI 7
 Summarising
f =M =E Also M = E T d 2 y
y I R dx2
Where M = Bending moment
I = Moment of inertia
E = Modulous of elasticity
R = Radius of bending
f = stress
y = distance from neutral axis at which the stress is
developed in the members
If fc or ft are the maximum stress and yc or yt is maximum distant from
the neutral axis,
M = I. f
y
or I = fc or ft
fc or yt
For symmetrical section yc = yt = y or half the depth of the members 8
I/y is known as sectional modulas or Z modulas
For Rectangular secions I = B D3
12
Z = B D2
6

For circular section I =  D4

64

and Z =  d3
32

9
 Beam Slope Deflection
W
Wl2 Wl3
iA = 2EI ya = 3EI
A B

CANTILEVER

Wl3 iA Wl4 ya
A = 6EI = 8EI
B
 Wl2 iA Wl2
CANTILEVER = 6EI
Where W = wl = 8EI
Where W = wl
Wl2 Wl3
B
A

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
iA = 16 E I yc = 48 E I

Wl3 iA 5wl4
= 24 E I yc = 384E I
B
A  =
Wl2
24 E I
iA = 5wl2
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
Where W = wl 384E I
Where W = wl 10
Deflection:
Deflections of the masts should not exceed the value given below:
At the top of masts
for permanent loads only - 8 cm.

At the contact wire level

for permanent loads only - 8 cm.

These values have been fixed up more from the point of OHE than that of
structural safety. Contact wire should not go beyond the effective zone of
pantograph of the loco in the extreme wind pressure.

11
 F

L
H
A

 D
C
A

12
  8 cm

ORIGINAL ERECTED
POSITION CONTACT WIRE LEVEL

POSITION AFTER
 8 cm DUE TO WIND

PERMANENT
LOAD IS PUT

The mast is erected in an inclined position with reverse slope of such an extent
that the mast becomes erect straight when permanent loads are put. After this
even the extreme pressure should not cause a deflection of mast at the contact
wire level more than 8 cm. The sketch shows the position.
13
1. Calculation of permanent deflection at the top of mast.

d1

14
Where,
F = Horizontal force due to permanent load i.e. radial tension in Kg.
E = 2.1x106 kg/cm2 = Modulus of elasticity.
L and H in m
I in cm4
d1 in cm.

15
 FH 3
Deflection at C =
3EI
FH 2
tan  
2EI

The total deflection

FH 3 FH 2
 (L - H)
3EI 2EI

FH3 L
or (3 1)
6 EI H

16
Typical Design of Cantilever Mast

Normal Mast on Tangent Track

Basic Date (Assumed)
1. Weight of OHE 1.60 kg/m
2. Weight of a bracket 60 kg/say)
3. Weight of Man 60 kg (say)
4. Weight of earth wire 0.318 kg/m (ACSR-Racoon)
5. Weight of return conductor 0.652 kg/m (AA-spider)
and 14 kg (for fitting)

17
6. Weight of mast attachment for 32 kg
return conductor
7. Temperature Range 4oC t 65oC
(Bracket perpendicular to track at 35oC)
8. Wind Pressure 75 kg/m2 on flat surfaces,
2/3rd the projected area for
conductors and 1.50 times
the projected area
for fabricated
structures.
9. OHE (regulated)tension in each 1000 kg
conductor)
10. Tension in Earth wire at 35oC 320 kg
without wind
11. Tension in Return conductor at 35oC 500 kg
18
without wind
Calculations:
1. A. Radial Tension on Tangent Track.
The catenary wire is on the centre line of the Track. Hence

thearadial
 b tension
c  b is zero. For contact wire radial tension is:
( ) )  tension
L L
200  (200) 200  ( 200)
  1000  11kg
72 72

Radial Tension due to earth wire and return conductor = 0.

B. Wind Load
Diameter of catenary wire 10.50 mm
Diameter of contact wire 12.24 mm
Diameter of Earth wire 12.27 mm
19
Diameter of return conductor 19.90 mm
Windload on catenary/m: 0.0105 x 75 x 2/3 = 0.525 kg.
Windload on contact wire/m 0,01224 x 75 x 2/3 = 0.612 kg.
(Wind load on catenary and on contact wire to be increased by 5% to
cater for wind load on dropper)
Total wind load on catenary (0.525 x 72)1.05 = 40 kg.
Total wind load on contact wire (0.612 x 72)1.05 = 46 kg.
Total wind load on earth wire (0.01227 x 72 x 2/3 x 75) = 45 kg.
Total wind load on return conductor = 0.01990 x 72 x 75 x 2/3)=72 kg
Wind load on Mast: 0.152 x 75 x 8.15 = 93 kg.

20
Vertical Load
i) Weight of OHE = 1.60 x 72 = 115 kg.
Taking half the load of bracket at the end and half on the mast
and considering the weight of a man at the end of the bracket
we get
P = 115 + 60 + 60/2 = 205 Kg.
Allowing 10 cm allowance for track slewing, the lever arm for P
will be (2.50 + 0.10 + 0.10) = 2.70 m.
ii) Weight of return conductor together with its fitting.
P1 = (0.652 x 72) + 14 = 47 + 14 = 61 kg.
Lever arm for P1 = 0.645
iii) Axial load on the mast (W)
Weight of mast + 1/2 weight of bracket + weight of earth cable +
weight of RC attachment fitting + P = 52.00 x 9.5 + 30 + 0.318X72 + 61 +
205 21

W = 495+30+23+266 = 814 kg
Calculation of Bending Moment

Bending moments are calculated perpendicular to the track by multiplying

the load with corresponding lever arm distances.
Taking top of foundation at 0.50 m below - the rail level, the load and the
moment table is as follows:

22
 Wind blowing across the track
Load lever Perpendicular Parallel to track
arm to track
(L)(m) Hor.Load(H) BM(M) LXdxH/1=(M)
(kg) kg.m (kg.m)*
Due to return conductor 8.96 0+72 645-
due to catenary 7.81 0+40 31228
Due to contact wire 6.41 11+46 36533
Due to earth wire 7.3 0+45 329-
Due to vertical load P 2.70 205 55453
Due to vertical load P1 0.645 61 39-
Due to wind load on mast 8.15/2 93 379-

Due to wind load 8.61 7 61 -

on mast attachment for RC
TOTAL 580 2684 114
* The bending moment arrived in parallel to track is due to displacement of
bracket due to temperature variation. 23
Checking of Mast for Stresses
Actual stress in the mast in } 
axial compression ac } A
814
  12.24
66.50

ac.cal/ac = 12.24/282 = 0.043

Actual bending comp. Stress Mxx 2684x100

   570kg/cm 2
about xx-axis bcx.cal
Zxx 471

Actual bending comp. Stress

M yy 114 x100
   107kg/cm 2
about YY axis bcy.cal Z yy 106.6

24
Since the ratio ac.cal/ac is less than 0.15 (as per clause 7.1.1 (a) of IS 800-1984

 ac.cal  bcx.cal  bcy.cal

   1.0
 ac  bcx  bcy
12.24 570 107
   1
282 1501 2242
 0.043  0.38  0.048  1

 0.0471  1
Hence safe

25
 Design of foundation
M

Q
K B

qmin qmax

26
 Q M
qmin 
BxL I
B/2

Q M
qmin 
BxL I
B/2

LB3
Where I
12

M = moment on the foundation, B= width of the footing, L = length of

the footing.
The maximum pressure should be less than the safe gross bearing
capacity.

27
 PRESUMPTIVE SAFE BEARING CAPACITY

Type of Rock/soil IS: 1904-1978 New York Building Code

t/m2 kN/ m2 t/m2 kN/m2

I. Rocks
1. Hard Sound Rock 330 3240 199-591 1950-5800
2. Laminated rock 165 1620 77 760
3. Residual Deposits of Shattered and 90 880 112 1100
Broken Rocks.
4. Soft Rocks. 45 440 77 760
II.Non-Cohesive Soils**
1. Compact gavel, sand and gravel 45 440 77-97 760-950
2. Compact and dry coarse sand 45 440 31-77 300-760
3. Compact and dry medium sand 25 245 - -
4. Fine sand, silt 15 150 - -
5. Loose gavel or sand 25 245 36 350
6. Loose and dry fine sand 10 100 19 90

28
Type of Rock/soil IS: 1904-1978 New York Building Code
t/m2 kN/ m2 t/m2 kN/m2

III. Cohesive Soils

1. Hard or Stiff clay, soft shale 45 440 49 480
2. Medium clay 25 245 19 190
3. Moist clay and sand clay mixture 15 150 - -
4. Soft clay 10 100 10 95
5. Very soft clay 5 50 - -
6. Black cotton soil, Peat, made up soils * * * *

29
30
31
 n

ASSUMED LOOSE SOIL

UP TO 0.5 METER P1

h
P2
P3
Z
a

TYPICAL SIDE BEARING FOUNDATION

FIG.3.5.34

32
 X

C
ASSUMED LOOSE SOIL

h N

H
n

Z
a

SIDE GRAVITY FOUNDATION

FIG.3.5.35

33
 2.5

2.8
0.3
1.5

0.1 1.3
0.9

0.7
0.1

max. 2.3m

FIG.3.5.36

BLACK COTTON FOUNDATION

34