THE BASIC SKILLS IN SWIMMING
Breathing Floating
Strokes Kicking
What is Bubbling?
the technique of bubbling helps swimmers to breathe properly. When
you swim, you inhale through your mouth when your face is above water
and exhale through your mouth or nose when your face is underwater. ...
This is important because exhaling and inhaling properly makes
your swimming relaxed – and therefore better.
FLOAT
The ability to float in water is a basic skill that allows swimmers to rest
while staying in the water. Lie face down on the water's surface, similar to
the position a skydiver assumes during free fall. Hopefully you know how
to swim, so you can float suspended on the surface of the water, rather than
sinking straight to the bottom.
TYPES OF FLOAT
JELLYFISH FLOAT
This float is aptly named for its proper execution, as it looks like
a jellyfish bobbing in the water. The technique is quite straightforward.
Standing in waist-deep water, the swimmer takes a deep breath, puts his
face in the water, arms hanging down, and allows the water to support the
body
DEADSMAN FLOAT
a prone floating position, used especially by beginning swimmers, with
face downward, legs extended backward, and arms stretched forward.
BACK FLOAT OR SUPINE FLOAT
Back float is a floating position on one's back with arms extended out to
the sides and face upward.
TUCKED OR MUSHROOM FLOAT
A tucked float (often called a mushroom float) involves bringing the knees
to the chest, submerging the face and hugging the legs. It is a preliminary
skill for somersaulting and is also useful for developing confidence as a
tucked float position feels wobbly and triggers a feeling of tipping over.
SURVIVAL FLOAT
KICK
1.FLUTTER KICK
The flutter kick is not only meant to drive a swimmer forward, but it is also
to keep the legs up and help the assist and stabilize the upper body and body
rotations
. DOLPHIN KICK
2
In the dolphin kick, both legs do a simultaneous whipping movement, with the
feet pointed.
This looks a bit like the up and down movements of a dolphin’s tail, which
explains the name of this swimming technique.
3. FROG KICK
in which the legs are simultaneously drawn towards the body and bent
at the knees with the feet together, straightened out with the legs apart,
and then brought together again quickly.
STROKES
1. FRONT CRAWL OR FREESTYLE
The freestyle stroke is swum in a horizontal position with the body
facing down. The body rolls from one side to the other, always turning
to the side of the arm that is currently pulling in the water. The head
remains in a neutral position, face down, except when breathing.
2. BUTTERFLY
The butterfly is a swimming stroke swum on the
chest, with both arms moving symmetrically,
accompanied by the butterfly kick or also known as
dolphin kick.
3. BACKSTROKE
Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four swimming styles used in
competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum
on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the
disadvantage of swimmers not being able to see where they are going.
4. BREASTROKE
Breaststroke is a swimming style in which the swimmer is on
their chest and the torso does not rotate. It is the most popular
recreational style due to the swimmer's head being out of the
water a large portion of the time, and that it can be swum
comfortably at slow speeds.
DIVE/DIVING
DIVING combines the skills of tumbling and swing in the
form of aerial acrobatics. It was in the year 1905 that diving
was first held in England. To date, diving developed unto an
exciting for millions of people. Before learning diving, a
student should learn to jump from various heights. After
adequate jumping exercise or experience, the beginner or the
diver should push off from the side of the pool in a prone
glide and direct the body below surface and the arms are
turned upward. We kneeling, stride, compact, and standing
dive are kinds of dive in swimming competition.
KNEELING DIVE
Kneeling Dive take a position as close to the edge of the pool as possible. Crouch on one knee resting it on the deck
while, placing the toes of the lead foot at the pool’s edge. Lean forward slowly, pushing with feet against the pool’s
edge, entering the water finger first.
COMPACT DIVE
Compact Jump is a diving technique used to safely enter the
water from a high ground. To do a proper jump, keep your body
straight, arms across your chest and legs together. Hold your
nose with one hand to prevent water from entering.
STRIDE DIVE
Stride Dive entry is chosen when entering deep water from a
low edge/bank or when swimmer needs to watch someone or
something on entry. The swimmers aim is to prevent their head
from submerging.
STANDING DIVE
Standing Dive both feet grip the edge of the pool standing hip-
width apart. The body is bent at the knees and hip, with the
upper body, head and arms curved and pointing at the water.
COMPETITION POOL
Competition Pool Depth
Standard pools are either 50m or 25m in length.
For pools with starting blocks, the minimum depth is 1.35m, extending to at least
6.0m. A minimum depth of 1.0 meter is required for pools without starting blocks.
Competition Pool Walls
The end walls are at right angles to the swimming
course and surface of the water.
They are made of a solid material, with a non-slip
surface extending 0.8m below the water surface, it
allows competitors to touch and push-off in turning
without hazard.
Rest ledges along the pool walls are permitted. They are located at
least 1.2m below the water surface, and are up to 0.15m wide. Both
internal and eternal ledges are acceptable, however internal ledges
are preferred.
Gutters are placed on the all four walls of the pool. If end wall
gutters are installed, they must allow for attachment of touch panels
to the required 0.3 meter above the water surface. They are covered
with a suitable grill or screen.
Water Temperature
The water temperature is between 250 and 28°
Celsius. During competition the water is kept at a
constant level, with very little movement. Inflow
and outflow is allowed as long as no appreciable
current or turbulence is created.
Lanes
According to FINA rules, World Championships
require 8 lanes and Olympic Games requires 10
lanes. The lanes are a minimum of 2.5m wide, with
two spaces of at least 2.5m wide outside of the first
and last lane.
Lane Ropes
In an 8 lane pool, lane ropes extend the full length of the course and
are secured at the each end wall to anchor brackets recessed into the
end walls. The anchors are positioned so that the floats at each end
wall of the pool are on the surface of the water.
Each lane rope will consists of floats placed end to end. The floats
have a minimum diameter of 0.10m-0.15m.
In a swimming pool the color of the lane ropes is as follows:
Lanes 1 and 9 – Green
Lanes 2, 3, 7, and 8 – Blue
Lanes 4, 5, and 6 – Yellow
The floats that extend for a distance of 5m from each end of the
pool are red. At the 15m mark from each end wall of the pool the
floats are distinct. In 50 meter pools the floats are distinct at 25m.
There is only one firmly stretched lane rope between each lane.
Starting Platforms
Starting platforms are from 0.5m-0.75m high above the
water surface. The surface area is at least 1.5m square and
covered with a non-slip material. The maximum slope is
10 degrees. The platforms are firm and are without a
springing effect.
Lane Markings
The lane markings on the floor of the pool are a dark color and
marked in the center of each lane.
The width of the marking is 0.2m-0.3m for all pools. The length for
50m pools is 46m and 21m for 25m pools.
Each lane line ends 2m from the end wall of the pool with a
distinctive cross line 1m long and of the same width as the lane line.
Target lines are marked on the end walls or on the touch panels in
the center of each lane and are the same width as the lane lines.
FINA – Governing body for swimming.
Volume
Olympic size swimming pools are approximately 50m or
164 feet in length, 25m or 82 feet in width, and 2m or 6
feet in depth.
These measurements create a surface area of 13, 454, 072
square feet and a volume of 88, 263 cubic feet.
The pool has 660, 253, 009 gallons of water which equals
to 5, 511, 566 lbs.
Features
During a swimming competition, each athlete is assigned to a
marked lane. An Olympic size swimming pool features 8 lines with
two outside lanes used as a buffer zone each lanes measure 2.5m
wide and is marked by a rope and buoys on top of the water and a
lane painted on the bottom.
The lane line end 2m before the end of the wall of the pool as an
indicator to the swimmer.
Extras
Other measurement, indicator ropes and line are track events.
The false start rope, for example, is used to indicate a false start to
the swimmer. The rope is placed 5m from the start line and suspends
across the pool about 1.2m above the surface.
The backstroke turn indicator is flagged rope used by the swimmers
to indicate the end of lane. The rope is placed 1.8m above the
surface and 5m from the start.
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