THE GOOD LIFE

ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Mark Nicole Pastor

Age: 18
Birthday: July 16, 2001

Graduated from: Norzagaray

National Highschool (NNHS)
With Highest Honor

“MINSAN GUSTO KO NA LANG MAGING

APARADOR”
THE CONCEPT OF THE PUBLIC GOOD: A
VIEW FROM A FILIPINO PHILOSOPHER

Rolando Gripaldo
From Butuan City
Studied at University Of the Philippines
Diliman
Studied at Mindanao State University
Former Profesor of Philisophy at De La
Salle University
Former Professor of Philiosphy at
Mindanao State University
INTRODUCTION

According to Rolando he have always

viewed philosophy as an activity consisting
of two aspects:
 Clarifying the meaning of concepts.
 Using these concepts to contruct or
reconstruct an integrative view of a
philosophical subject or a synthetic
solution to a philosophical problem.
 Philosophy as an activity is not simply
limited to the analytic clarification of
notions, which in itself is empty unless
the activity of clarification is put into
more productive use by solving (or
dissolving) a philosophical issue or by a
synthetic integration of those concepts
into a philosophical whole.
THE PUBLIC GOOD FROM THE
POLITICO-ETHICAL SENSE
National People and the Public Good
 A public good is that which benefits by
its use the communal or national public,
that is to say, the greatest number of the
local or national population. This can be
perceived in two levels.
 The first level comes from the people
themselves: they perceive the public
good to be beneficial to most if not to all
of them.
 The second level comes from the local
or national government, which believes
or assumes with a utilitarian perspective
that a particular project or service is
desired by the populace as necessary
for their common welfare.
Communal People and the Public
Good
 Communal people – A communal
society is one which everyone lies and
works together and property and
possessions are shared rather than
being owned.
Government and the Public Good
 

The role of the government is to provide

those necessary goods that cannot be
achieved by individuals acting as discrete
entities.
Example.
Clean air, minimalization of contagious
disease, Construction and maintenance of
roads
 

THE PUBLIC GOOD FROM THE

POLITICOECONOMIC SENSE
 
Microeconomy

Political economy, or economics in short, deals

with both the microeconomy of industrial and
commercial firms and with the macroeconomy
of the nation. The economic concept of the
public good pertains to the benefit that may
come to an individual or a firm in pursuing a
project that will offset possible losses or
adverse effects and that will likewise benefit the
general public, including possible external or
free public riders.
There are two criteria for considering
something as a public good, economically
speaking:
 Nonrivalry - when a good is consumed,
it doesn’t reduce the amount of available
for others.
 Nonexcludability – when it is not
2possible to provide a good without it
being possible for others to enjoy.
Macroeconomy
 Generally, industrial and business firms are profit-oriented while
governmental agencies are service oriented. Government
owned or controlled corporations are basically service-oriented
although they are encouraged to be self-liquidating and even
accrue profits. In many instances, especially in Third World
countries, when a government makes an accounting of all its
corporations, the total is in the red, that is, there are more losses
than gains. And so the government puts in more subsidies. In
some instances, when the subsidies increase rather than
decrease, the losing corporation is privatized. The government
may substantially lose here, but it is only once, and it is
generally perceived to be in the interest of the public. The yearly
subsidies on that corporation can be channeled to more
productive projects while the same service can be provided by
the newly privatized corporation.
 It might puzzle us why a newly
privatized corporation can generally make
a losing government corporation profitable.
There are many reasons for this, and at
least two can be forwarded outright:
 The government corporation has a
bloated bureaucracy while the private
one trims it down to a manageable size
to cut on overhead costs.
 Government contracts for subprojects
within the corporation are laden with
corruption and the costs are high while
the private one gets the lowest price for
a subproject to maximize its profits.
 
 
PRIVATE PUBLIC GOODS AND PUBLIC
PUBLIC GOODS
We made a distinction from the politicoethical
sense between a public good desired by the
national public and a public good recognized or
assumed as such by the government.
Theoretically, at least, we raise these questions:
 Are public public goods nonrival and
nonexcludable?
 Are private public goods in the interest of the
national public and recognized by the
government as such?
MADAMI PAAAAAAAAAAAA!
 Public Public Goods
 

 Public public goods are considered by

the government as basic or essential
and necessary: national security and
defense, education, postal service,
health service, trade and industry
Private Public Goods
 Are goods which the private sector sets
up either by itself or in participation with
the government (local or national) since
the private sector sees their realization
as profitable, and the general public
benefits from them as well either as
customers or as free riders.
Mixed Public Goods
 Mixed public goods are undertaken by some
private organizations or civil societies for the
common good of the communal or national
public. These are basically service-oriented.
The public goods pursued are mixed in the
sense that the undertakers are private groups
and yet they seek not profits but service.
Once these private groups make profit the
primary consideration, then they become
private corporations or cooperatives.
 Public Bads

 
 Public bads are negative goods which
the general public scorns, and in many
cases, are avoided or not tolerated by
both the private and public sectors.
 Examples
corruption, pollution, crimes,
Corruption
Pollution
Crime
Eudamonia and Human Flourishing in
Ethics and Human Dignity
MALAPIT NA MATAPOS HAHAHAHA
Eudamoinia
 Though scholars
translated eudaimonia as
‘happiness’ for many years
 Virtue is moral excellence. In practice, it is to
allow something to act in harmony with its
purpose.
 By extension, the eudaimon life is one
dedicated to developing the excellences of
being human. For Aristotle, this meant
practicing virtues like courage, wisdom,
good humour, moderation, kindness, and
more.
 When we think about a flourishing person,
virtue doesn’t always spring to mind.
Instead, we think about someone who is
relatively successful, healthy, and with
access to a range of the good things in life.
We tend to think flourishing equals good
qualities plus good fortune.
For ethics, this is important for three reasons.

 because when we’re thinking about the

consequences of an action we should take into
account their impact on the flourishing of others.
 it suggests we should do our best to eliminate as
many barriers to flourishing as we possibly can.
 it reminds us that living virtuously needs to be its
own reward. It is no guarantee of success,
happiness or flourishing – but it is still a central
part of what gives our lives meaning.
THAT SUGAR FILM

That sugar film is a 2014 Australian documentary

directed by and starring by Damon gameau. The film
looks at hidden sugar in foods and the effect it can have
on the human body.

The film follows Gameau’s experiement on himself,

changing his normal diet containing no refined sugar, to
a health conscious diet, low in fat but high in sugar for
60 days. As a result, the main character gained weight,
grew lethargic, and develop fatty liver disease. The
sugar diet was not increased from his normal diet.