DOORS AND WINDOWS

DOOR
Door may be defined as an openable barrier secured in
a wall opening. It is provided to give an access to inside
of a room.

It consists of two parts:-

1. Door frame

2. Door shutter
•Frame: It is assembly of Horizontal & vertical Members
forming an enclosure, to which the shutters are fixed.

•Shutters: These are the openable parts of a door or

window. It is assembly of styles, panels & rails.

•Head: This is the top or uppermost horizontal part of the

frame.

•Sill: This is the lowermost part of the frame.

•Horn: Horizontal projections of the head.

•Threshold- Surface forming the bottom part of the
door opening.

•Top rail- Level piece of wood at the top of the door.

•Panel- Flat surface bordered by molding; it is often

recessed.

•Lock- Device mounted on the door allowing it to lock

by using a key.
• Bottom rail- Level piece of wood at the bottom of the
door.

• Hinge- Cylindrical metal part bent at an angle; it

supports the door and allows it to swing.

• Middle panel- Long narrow panel placed horizontally.

• Lock rail- Level piece of wood in the middle of the

door.

• Mullion- Vertical piece of wood joining the top and

lock rails.
• Jamb- Vertical wall face of an opening which supports
the frame.

• Cornice- Protruding molding that rests horizontally

across the entablature, protecting the parts beneath it
from the rain.

• Transome: Horizontal member of a frame, which is

employed to sub-divide the door/window.

• Hold fasts: these are the mild steel flats genarally bent
in Z shape with horizontal length 20cm.
 LOCATION OF DOORS AND WINDOWS

• The number of doors should be kept minimum

• The location of door & window should meet functional requirements of

the room.

• The door should not be kept in the centre of the wall.

• The window should be located in opposite wall, facing a door or another

window.

• From the point of view of fresh air, a window should be located on the
northern side of a room.

• The sill should be located about 70 to 80 cm about floor level of the room.
 SIZES OF DOORS
The common width-height relations used:
Heigth of door ≤ 1.8-2 m
Width = 0.4 – 0.6 Height
Height = (width +1.2)m
General sizes used:

a) Residential Buildings:
External door – 1.0 x 2.0 to 1.1 x 2.0 m
Internal door - 0.9 x 2.0 to 1.0 x 2.0 m
Bath & WC – 0.7 X 2.0 to 0.8 x 2.0 m
Garages for cars – 2.25 x 2.25 m to 2.40 x 2.25 m

b) Public Buildings:
Schools-1.2 x 2.0m
Hospitals-1.2 x 2.1 m to 1.2 x 2.25 m
Libraries- 1.2 x 2.25 m
 TYPES OF DOORS

• Types of doors mainly classified on the basis of-

Arrangement of components

Method of construction

Working operations

Metal doors
 ARRANGEMENT OF COMPONENTS

This includes four types:-

1. Battened & ledged doors

2. Battened, ledged and braced doors

3. Battened, ledged and framed doors

4. Battened, ledged, braced and framed doors

BATTENED AND LEDGED DOORS

These doors consist of vertical

boards called battens which are
nailed or screwed to the
horizontal members, called
ledges.
The battens are about 15 to 18
cm wide and 2 to 3 cm thick.
Doors made with narrow battens
like these have a better
appearance.
BATTENED, LEDGED AND BRACED DOORS

This is a ledged and battened door

to which braces have been added
to prevent sagging.
These braces must slope upwards
from the hinge edge of the door,
and they are housed with a skew
notch into the ledges.
BATTENED, LEDGED AND FRAMED DOORS

It is improved version of
battened and ledged doors
with provision of frame.
Two vertical members known
as styles are provided
BATTENED, LEDGED , BRACED AND
FRAMED DOORS
FRAMED AND PANELLED DOOR

These doors consist of a frame

made up of styles
(a) top rail
(b) bottom rail
(c) sometimes an intermediate rail
(d) plywood panel
GLAZED OR SASH DOORS

These are provided where

the visibility of the interior of
the room is required.
FLUSH DOORS

The flush door with a framed core is

a type of door that is frequently
used Rural Building.
This door consists of a frame which
has styles, top and bottom rails, and
narrow intermediate rails.
It is covered on each side by a sheet
of plywood.
LOUVERED DOORS

These permit free ventilation

through them and at the same
time maintain the privacy of
the room.
WIRE GAUGED DOORS

Wire gauge or fly proof door

shutters are fixed to provide
free air circulation and
prevent mosquitoes, flies,
insects etc. from entering into
the building.
REVOLVING DOORS

These are provided only at

public places to provide
entrance to one and exit to
the other person.
SLIDING DOORS

Sliding door is a type of door

which opens horizontally by
sliding, where by the door is
either mounted on or suspended
from a track
SWING DOORS

A door that swings on a

double hinge; opens in either
direction
COLLAPSIBLE STEEL DOORS

Mainly provided in godowns,

workshop, public windows and
etc.
ROLLING STEEL SHUTTER DOOR

A roller shutter, roller door or

sectional overhead door is a type
of door or window shutter
consisting of many horizontal slat
hinged together. The door is
raised to open it and lowered to
close it.
On large doors, the action may be
motorized. It provides protection
against wind and rain.
MILD STEEL SHEET DOOR

Mainly provided in godowns,

workshop etc. It is quite
strong.
CORRUGATED STEEL DOORS

Exactly same as the above type,

except that corrugated steel sheets
are welded to shutter frame.
HOLLOW METAL DOORS

Appearance as wooden door

but have more strength.
METAL COVERED PLYWOOD DOOR

These are composite doors of

plywood and mild steel and are
reasonably fire proof.
 WINDOW

• A WINDOW is also a vented barrier secured in a wall

opening. The function of the window is to admit
light and air to the building and to give a view to the
outside.

• WINDOW consists of two parts:-

1. Window frame

2. Window shutter
FIXED WINDOWS

A window that cannot be

opened, whose function is
limited to allowing light to
enter.
This type of window is
used in situations where
light or vision alone is
needed as no ventilation is
possible through fixed
windows
PIVOTED WINDOW

A window having a section which is

pivoted near the center so that the
top of the section swings in and
the bottom swings out.
DOUBLE HUNG WINDOWS

A window with two parts

that overlap slightly and
slide up and down inside the
frame. The two parts are not
necessarily the same size.
SLIDING WINDOWS

Their shutters move either

horizontally or vertically on small
roller bearings.
CASEMENT WINDOW

The shutters of the window open

like shutters of the doors.
The shutters consists of styles, top
rails, bottom rails and
intermediate rails, thus dividing it
into panels.
They are used singly or in pairs
within a common frame.
SASH WINDOW

A sash window or hung

sash window is made of
one or more movable
panels or "sashes" that
form a frame to hold
panes of glass, which are
often separated from
other panes (or "lights")
by narrow mullions
LOUVRED WINDOW
A louver is a window, blend with
horizontal slats that are angled to
admit light and air, but to keep out
rain, direct sunshine, and noise.
The angle of the slats may be
adjustable, usually in blinds and
windows, or fixed. Such windows
are provided for the ventilation,
and they do not permit any outside
vision. The angle of inclination of
louvers is 45*
METAL WINDOWS
Metal windows, made up of mild steel having
lesser cost and more strength.
Advantages of steel windows;
1. They are manufactured in factories, with
greater precision and better quality control.
2. They exhibit elegant appearance and
stream lined finishing.
3. They are more stronger than wooden
windows.
4. There is no contraction or expansion due to
weather effects.
5. They are rot proof and termite proof.
6. They are highly fire resistant.
7. Cost of maintenance is almost negligible.
BAY WINDOW

Bay window projects outside the

external wall of the room, the
projection may be triangular,
circular, rectangular or polygonal
in plan. They also provide extra
space in the room, and improve
the overall appearance of the
building.
CLERE STOREY WINDOW

These are provided in a

room which has greater
ceiling height than the
surrounding rooms
CORNER WINDOW

This type of window has two

faces in perpendicular
directions and these are
provided in the corner of
room.
DORMER WINDOW

Dormer window is a window

provided on the sloping roof.
Such windows provides
ventilation and lighting to
the enclosed space below
the roof, and improves the
appearance of the building.
GABLE WINDOW

It is a vertical window provided

in the gable end of a pitched
roof.
LANTERN WINDOW

Such windows are

provided over the flat
roof, to provide more
light and air to the
inner room. The
windows project above
the roof level.
Ventilators

Ventilators are small

windows, fixed at a greater
height than the
window, generally about 30 to
50 cm below roof level.