Swedish circle method satisfies only the overall moment of equation of equilibrium

It neglects the moment equilibrium of the individual slices.

It also disregards the effect of the forces acting on the sides of the individual slices

This type of method is also considered as approximate method and not convenient to use.
BISHOP’S SIMPLIFIED METHOD
The Bishop Method was introduced in 1955 by Alan Wilfred Bishop from the 
Imperial College in London.

The analysis consider the forces on sides of each slice

Let us consider one slice from the slip surface
Weight of the slice (W): γ h b
Normal Force on the Base,(N’) = N – u.l
u = pore pressure
l = length of base

Shear Force on the Base, (T) = τm . l

Normal Forces on the sides, E1 and E2
E2
Shear Force on the Sides, X1 and X2
X1
X2

W
E1

N’ = N-u . l
 Taking moments about O
T . r – W . r sin α = 0
Σ T . r = Σ W . r sin α

But T = τm . l ( Fs = s / τm )
r sin α
xl
s
Σ l . r = Σ W x r x sin α
Fs
Σsxl
Fs =
Σ W sin α

Σ (c’ + σ tan ø’ ) l
Fs =
Σ W sin α (1)
Σ c’ l + tan ø’ ΣN’ Where N’ = σ l
W
Σ W sin α
α
But we have N’ = N - ul
T
N’ = W cos α -ul
N’ c’ La + tan ø’ Σ(W cos α – ul)
Fs =
Σ W sin α
c’ La + tan ø’ Σ(N – U)
Fs = ΣT
 W = N’ cos α + ul cos α + T sin α + X1 – X2

Substitute = xl and X 1 – X2 = 0

E2 (c’l + N’ tan ø)
W = N’ cos α + ul cos α + sin α
X1 𝐹𝑠
X2
c’l N’
W = N’ cos α + ul cos α + sin α + tan ø‘ sin α
W 𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑠
E1
𝑐 ′ 𝑙= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
𝑊 − 𝑢𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 −
𝐹 𝑠
T
′
𝑁 ¿
N’ = N-u . l
𝑐′ 𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
𝑊 −𝑢𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 −
′ 𝐹𝑠
𝑁=
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
𝐹𝑠
Substituting N’ in equation (1)
 𝑐 ′ 𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
Σ c’ l + tan ø’ ΣN’ ′
𝑊 −𝑢𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 −
𝐹𝑠
Σ 𝑐 𝑙+𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ Σ ( )
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′
Σ W sin α 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼+
𝐹𝑠
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼

ΣW sin α
Multiply 1/cosα

)
1
Σ 𝑐 ′ 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 +¿
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1+
𝐹𝑠

′ 𝑐′ 𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′
𝑐 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 −
𝐹𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ (𝑊 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 − 𝑢𝑙)
1
Σ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 +¿ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 1+ 1+
𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑠

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1
′
𝑐 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ (𝑊 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 − 𝑢 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼)
𝐹𝑠
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
Σ +¿ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
′
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 1+
1+ 𝐹𝑠
𝐹𝑠
 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1
′
𝑐 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 1+
Σ 𝐹𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ (𝑊 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 − 𝑢 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼)
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 +¿
′
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1+ 1+
𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑠

′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
𝑐 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 1+
𝐹𝑠
1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ (𝑊 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 − 𝑢 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼)
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 Σ ′
+¿
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1+ 1+
𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑠

𝑐 ′ 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ (𝑊 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 − 𝑢 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼)

1
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
Σ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
+¿ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1+ 1+
𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑠
 Let = mα
𝑐 ′ 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ (𝑊 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 − 𝑢 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼)
1
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
Σ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
+¿ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1+ 1+ 1
𝐹𝑠 𝐹𝑠 1 ′
{𝑐 𝑏+(𝑊 −𝑢 𝑏)𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ }
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 Σ 𝑚𝛼

1
Σ {𝑐 ′ 𝑏+(𝑊 −𝑢 𝑏)𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ }
𝑚𝛼
𝐹 𝑠=¿
1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 Σ𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
Σ ′
{𝑐 𝑏+(𝑊 −𝑢 𝑏)𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ }
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1+
𝐹𝑠

1
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
Σ {𝑐 ′ 𝑏+(𝑊 −𝑢 𝑏)𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅ ′ }
Σ 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∅′ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
1+
𝐹𝑠
Find the Factor of safety against sliding for the slope
shown in fig using bishop’s simplified method. 830

r=
26
m

II layer D B
c = 40 kN/m2
Ø = 200 6m
γ = 19 kN/m3
(5)
6m

18 m
550
6m
5.6 m 6m

(4)
(3)

(2)
370 I layer
(1) c=0
Ø = 300
A γ = 21 kN/m3
230
-20
90
 1
Σ
𝑚𝛼 ¿¿ (𝑊 −𝑢𝑏) )
=
Σ𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

Slice Width Volume Weight mα

Avg ordinate α c’ ub tan ø’ W sinα
No. (b) (m3) (kN)

2.6 * 5.6 14.56*γ

1 2.6 5.6 -20 0 0 0.577 -10.7 0.984 176.4
= 14.56 = 305.8
831.6 90
2 6.6 6.0 39.60 0 0 0.577 130.0 1.063 479.8

781.2
3 6.2 6.0 37.20 410.4 230 0 0 0.577 465.6 1.107 687.6
3.6 21.60
1191.6

378
3.0 18.0 912 370
4 8.0 6.0 48.0 0 0 0.577 776.3 1.088 744.3
1290

550
5 6.4 6.0 38.4 729.6 4.0 0 0.364 597.6 0.820 265.5
 2.86 m

D B

Soil mass

Y ER
3.5 m
BL E LA
EA
PERM
IM

A 280

5.36 m

2.5 m

430