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Lecture 1

The document discusses cadastral surveying and the development of cadastre systems in Nepal. It provides definitions and descriptions of different types of cadastres, including fiscal, legal, and multipurpose cadastres. The document also outlines the historical development of cadastral surveying in Nepal from ancient times through the present day transition to digital cadastre systems.

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Topendra Bandhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
94 views

Lecture 1

The document discusses cadastral surveying and the development of cadastre systems in Nepal. It provides definitions and descriptions of different types of cadastres, including fiscal, legal, and multipurpose cadastres. The document also outlines the historical development of cadastral surveying in Nepal from ancient times through the present day transition to digital cadastre systems.

Uploaded by

Topendra Bandhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cadastral surveying

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Area conversion table
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3

1 Ropani 508.74 meter sq.

1 Aana 31.9 meter sq.

1 Paisa 7.95 meter sq.

1 Daam 1.99 meter sq.

1 Bigaha 6772.63 meter sq.

1 Kattha 338.63 meter sq.

1 Dhur 16.93 meter sq.


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•“A cadastre is a general, systematic and up to date


register containing information about land parcels
including details of their area, value and ownership” -
PF Dale

•Cadastre came from the Greek word Katastikhon


meaning a note book or business record
Cadastre: FIG
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 normally a parcel based, and up-to-date land information


system containing a record of interests in land (e.g. rights,
restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a
geometric description of land parcels linked to other records
describing the nature of the interests, the ownership or control
of those interests, and often the value of the parcel and its
improvements. It may be established for fiscal purposes (e.g.
valuation and equitable taxation), legal purposes
(conveyancing), to assist in the management of land and land
use (e.g. for planning and other administrative purposes), and
enables sustainable development and environmental protection
(fig definition)(International Federation of Surveyors)
Cadastre
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It has two parts


1. Map
2. Written record (Register)
Cadastre
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CADASTRE
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A cadastre, using a cadastral survey or


cadastral map, is a comprehensive register of the
real property of a country.

• A cadastre commonly includes details of the


Ownership, the tenure, the precise location, the
dimensions and area, the use, and the value of
individual parcels of land.
Cadastre…
10

Types of cadastre
1. Fiscal
2. Legal
3. Multipurpose
Cadastre…
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Fiscal Cadastre: A cadastre, which is mainly


established for the purpose of revenue and tax
collection

Legal Cadastre: A cadastre which is established to


guarantee the public right and restriction over the
land parcel. It explains the legal status of the land.
Cadastre…
12

Multipurpose Cadastre: A cadastre which is


established not only to show fiscal and legal status of
the land, but also shows other geo data like
topographic and land use data. It can be used for
different infrastructure development, planning and
construction activities, also known as Land
Information System (LIS).
Fiscal Cadastre…
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Fiscal cadastre - property valuation and land


taxation.
Functions of fiscal cadastre (from Dale and
McLaughlin, 1988):
 information base for property taxation
 distribution of funds from public programs
 monitoring and supporting land markets
 information for growth management and land use planning
Legal Cadastre…
14

Supports the property description and identification


of land registration
run by different or same institute state or licensed
surveyors
Main role to keep index map and unique parcel
identifiers
Quality of map and boundary surveys needed might
be higher than fiscal cadastre
Legal Cadastre
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Legal cadastre - parcel-based description of interests or


rights in real property; typically supported by titles or
deeds, and registry.
Functions of a legal cadastre:
 define property rights (often in conjunction with formal and case
law)
 describe the extent (spatial, sometimes temporal) of property rights
 support land transfer
 provide evidence of ownership (e.g., using land as collateral)
 program administration (e.g., enforcement of laws, targeting of
incentives)
 public land management
Multipurpose Cadastre…
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term started in the late 1970s


indicating that a lot of very useful, if not vital
information, is parcel related; esp. socio-economic
and socio-political phenomena („societal
constructs‟)
fiscal and legal cadastres were the base, but
especially all kinds of land use data is added
Cadastre system
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Analogue/ Graphical cadastre


Boundaries may be described without numerical
information by showing them graphically on a plan.
Digital / Numerical / Coordinate cadastre
Numerical collection of data
Graphical system
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Traditional method
Mostly human effort

Hard copy maps and registers separately prepared


Records analyzed, stored, maintained, disseminated
manually
Example: cadastral survey by PT method
Digital Cadastre system
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Traditionally, cadastral survey is being carried out


graphically, with the help of plane table
Because of the various problems, it is being gradually
replaced by digital cadastral survey
In this method, the cadastral mapping is carried out
by modern highly accurate instruments and the
mapping, recording and archiving process is done in
computer
Further, the transaction and maintenance procedure
is also carried on computer
Digital Cadastre System…
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Digital cadastre is that system in which the co-


orditnate of every corner of parcel is recorded and it
is managed by computer.
It is also said to be digital cadastre when data are
captured and processing of these data in digital
environments.
Digital Cadastre System
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Digitizing from existing data


Field survey ( Total station, GPS )
Photogrammetry
Hybrid
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Advantages of digital cadastre system
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Reliability
Portability
Efficient Storage
Fast retrieving
Data Analysis
Seamless (but not completely in existing system of Nepal)
Scale less ness
Fast
Durable
Maintenance and updating
Multipurpose
Area conversion table
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1 Ropani 508.74 meter sq.

1 Aana 31.9 meter sq.

1 Paisa 7.95 meter sq.

1 Daam 1.99 meter sq.

1 Bigaha 6772.63 meter sq.

1 Kattha 338.63 meter sq.

1 Dhur 16.93 meter sq.


Historical Development of Cadastral In Nepal
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Before 1300
•Lichchhabi era-Panchali are responsible for keeping record of territory boundary of
the local community `

1300-1980
•Granted to the public servants as an annual remuneration.
•who measure & make sketch of cultivation land is called “Chhetrakar” and who
measure & make sketch of the house is called “Tachhakar” –Jayasthiti Malla
•unit of measurement of land was defined as hale, pate, kute, kodale, -Ram Shaha
Dangol survey - special caste to conduct cadastral survey in 1930
•Sarpat Napi- started by Bir Samsher in 1952, unit is ropani/ ana in valley, muri /
pathi in hill & bigaha/ katha in terai
•Nepalese Army returned from first world war started compass survey, established
compase school, renamed later as Nepal Govt. Survey Goshwara
1952 1st chain Chain survey was conducted
Historical Development of Cadastral In Nepal
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1980-2019
•First plane table survey in Bhaktapur (1980) by military personnel
•Survey circle Established
•Establishment of Survey Department (2014), under Ministry of Finance

After 2019
•Land survey and measurement act 2019
•Land Reform Program 2021
•Land Survey Rules 2032 and then 2058
•Rules , regulations, procedures, working manuals, technical circulars etc formulated
•Local control points, island maps,
•Control points, national network
•GPS controlled points
•Numerical cadastral mapping in Kirtipur
•Establishment of DoLIA in 2057
•Digital Cadastral surveying in Banepa 2062/63
•Extended to Dhulikhel 2068/69
•Proposed to extend in other parts of the country of country 2069/70
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