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Hardware Professional
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BEGINNER TO EXPERT
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 1. Hardware Course Basics
2. Types of Computer
3. Peripherals & Components
4. Monitor & SmartTV
5. Keyboard & Remote
6. Mouse & Joystick
7. Speakers, Headphone & Microphone
8. Uniteruptable Power Supply (UPS)
9. CPU Cabinet with Assembling & Deassembling
10. Motherboard
Geeky Hub
11. Audio, Video & Graphic Card
Topics going to Cover 12. Bluetooth & Wi-Fi
13. Hard drive
14. Solid State Drive
15. Random Access Memory
16. Read Only Memory
17. Microprocessor
18. Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
19. Printer with its type
20. Scanner with its type

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 21. CD, VCD, DVD & Blu-ray Media
22. Memory Card, External HDD & Pedrive
23. Ports, Cables & Connectors
24. Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
25. Discussing about Troubleshooting
26. USB Booting & OS Installation
27. Basics Info Hardware Engineer Must Know
Cleaning Junks
Geeky Hub Setting Resolution
Topics going to Cover Drivers Updation
Prompt Commands

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 Geeky Hub

1.
Hardware Course Basics

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 Hardware?
When Internal and External Components & Peripherals gets
combined together then they assemble a computer. And these
components and peripherals are known as computer Hardware.

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 Geeky Hub

2.
Types of Computer

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 What is Computer???
THE COMPUTER DEFINED
COMPUTER IS A DUMB MACHINE WHICH WORKS ONLY WHEN IT GET
INSTRUCTIONS. THE ALGORITHM OF WORKING IS BASED ON BINARIES CALCULATIONS
WHICH IS 0 & 1. COMPUTER IS USED FOR DOING WORK FASTER, EASIER, HIGHLY
CAPACITIVE & ACCURATELY.

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 Types of Computer

1. MINICOMPUTER
2. PC/TABLET/SMARTPHONE/LAPTOP (Micro)
3. WORKSTATION
4. MAINFRAME
5. SUPERCOMPUTER

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 1. Mini Computer
Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as “Midrange Computers”. They are
designed for special purposes like cash billing, Ticket booking & smart systems.

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 2. Micro Computer
Desktop computers, Tablet PC’s, Smartphones, Calculators are all type of Microcomputers. They are handy and
portable in some cases. Low capacitive and meant for normal uses.

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 3. Workstation
.
These are specially designed systems meant for special purposes like gaming, stock stalking & whether forcasting.
Basically a well profiled and maintained setup.

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 4. Mainframe
A  large, powerful computer that can handle many tasks concurrently and is usually used commercially. Mainframes are
not as powerful as supercomputers. Mainframes can also process & store large amount of data.

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 5. Super Computer
Supercomputers are the most powerful computers made, and physically they are some of the largest. These systems can
process huge amounts of data, and the fastest supercomputers can perform more than one trillion calculations per second.

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3.
Peripherals & Components

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 COMPONENTS
Components are those Hardware items which are Hard, Visible & Touchable. The Hard
Components of a computer system are placed under a Cabinet. The Components which
are usually popular is like – Hard disk Drive, Microprocessor and RAM etc.

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 COMPONENTS
• Microprocessor
• Hard Disk Drive
• Random Access Memory
• Power Supply
• Motherboard
• DVD Writer
• Graphics Card

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 PERIPHERALS
Peripherals are those Hardware items which are Hard, Visible & Touchable. The Hard
Components of a computer system which are used by User. The Peripherals which are
usually popular is like – Mouse, Keyboard & Monitor etc.

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 Types of Peripherals Devices
1. Input Devices :- Those Devices Which are used to give input in computer system are known as
Input Devices

2. Output Devices :- Those Devices Which are used to take Output as result of our Input in our
Computer System are known as Output Devices

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 INPUT DEVICES
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Trackball
• Graphics tablet
• Game Controllers
• Touch screen
• Webcam
• Microphone

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 OUTPUT DEVICES
• Monitor
• Printer
• Audio Speaker
• Headphones
• Projector
• GPS
• Sound Card
• Video Card

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 Assembling a Computer
We have two Option to assemble a PC. We also assemble a Computer System with same brand Peripherals
and also different different brands Peripherals. And for Components we have many choice.

COMPUTER = PERIPHERALS + COMPONENTS

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4.
Monitor & SmartTV

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 What is Monitor?

A Monitor is an Output Device used to display the output as result.

There are Many Types of Monitors :-

1. CRT – (Cathode Ray Tube)

2. LCD – (Liquid Crystal Display)
3. LED – (Light Emitting Diode)
4. TFT – (Thin Film Transistor)
5. OLED – (Organic Light Emitting Diode)
6. DLP – (Digital Light Processing)
7. Plasma Screen Montiors
8. Touch Screen Monitors

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 MONITORS

CRT – Cathode Ray Tube

These are the most heaviest and old generation monitors. There is an
electron gun inside which emits RGB color electrons using vaccum tube
and those electrons strikes in the fluricent or phosphor screen and form
image.

LED – Light Emitting Diode

These are the most using monitor type which are designed with sleek and
stylish body and low power consumption. It make images by using
electrode, glass filter and RGB Led lights.

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 MONITORS

LCD – Liquid Crystal Display

These are second generation monitors. Which were designed with flat panel
and thin body and it forms image by using mirror, glass filter, electrode &
liquid.

OLED – Organic Light Emitting Diode

It is a new flat light-emitting display technology, which is more efficient,
brighter, thinner, and better refresh rates feature and contrast as compared to the
LCD display.it provides better image quality ever and used in tablets and high-
end smartphones.
SAMOLED & DAMOLED

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 MONITORS

Plasma Screen Monitors

Plasma displays have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, and high
refresh rates, which is used to reduce a blur video. Additionally, it provides
better quality pictures as it supports high resolutions of up to 1920 x 1080.

DLP – Digital Light Processing

which is used for presentations by projecting images from a monitor onto a big
screen. Before developing the DLP, most of the computer projection systems
produced faded and blurry images as they were based on LCD technology.

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 MONITORS

TFT – Thin Film Transistor

It is a type of LCD flat panel display, which stands for a thin-film transistor.
In TFT monitors, all pixels are controlled with the help of one to four
transistors. The high-quality flat-panel LCDs use these transistors.

Touch Screen Monitors

These monitors are also known as an input device. It enables users to interact
with the computer by using a finger or stylus instead of using a mouse or
keyboard.
Resistive Touch Screen
Surface Wave Touch Screens
Capacitive Touch Screen

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 MONITORS
Smart TV
Smart TVs. Also known as an Internet TV, a Smart TV is any TV that can provide additional programs through
internet connectivity. It's like having a computer built into your TV.

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 Types of Ports in Monitors

1. LAN
2. Satellite Antenna
3. USB
4. HDMI
5. Video & Audio Input
6. VGA

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 Types of Connectors in Monitors

1. VGA – (Video Graphics Array)

15 pins (only Video)

2. DVI – (Digital Video Interface)

24 pins (Video & Audio)

3. HDMI – (High Definition Multimedia Interface)

19 pins (HD Video & Audio)

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5.
Keyboard & Remote

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 What is Keyboard?

A Keyboard is a Input Device used to Input in Computer System using some Key Strokes.

There are 5 Basic Types of Keyboards:-

1. Mechanical Keyboard
2. Gaming Keyboard
3. Standard Keyboard
4. Wireless Keyboard
5. Multimedia Keyboard

Connectors – PS2 & USB

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 Components of Keyboard

Keycaps

Switches

Plates

PCB

Case

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 Gaming Mechanical
1. Mechanical Keyboard
2. Gaming Keyboard
3. Standard Keyboard
4. Wireless Keyboard
5. Multimedia Keyboard
Standard
Multimedia

Wireless

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 TYPES OF SUPPORTED PORTS?

PS2 USB
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 What is Remote?
A device used to control the operation of an apparatus or machine, as a television set, from a distance.

TV remote controls work in a similar way but using a type of light

called infrared (or IR for short). The remote control has an LED
light in it which flashes really quickly to emit a message which is then
picked up by the TV. The remote is called the transmitter, and the TV is
called the receiver.

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6.
Mouse & Joystick

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 What is Mouse?
A Mouse is a Input Device used to Input in Computer System using a Pointer Arrow

There are 5 Basic Types of Mouse are:-

1. Mechanical Mouse
2. Trackball Mouse
3. Optical mouse
4. Wireless Mouse
5. G-Stick Mouse

Connectors – PS2 & USB

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 Components of Mouse

LED

Lens

Controller

Optical Mouse Sensor

Case

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 1. Mechanical Mouse
2. Trackball Mouse
3. Optical mouse
4. Wireless Mouse
5. G-Stick Mouse

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 TYPES OF SUPPORTED PORTS?

PS2 USB
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 What is Joystick?
A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is
controlling. 

A pointing device used to move an object on screen in any direction. It

employs a vertical rod mounted on a base with one or two buttons.
Joysticks are used extensively in video arcade games, and they were the
primary game controller on home computers

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7.
Speakers, Headphone & Microphone

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 What is Speaker?
A Speaker is a Output Device used to Output Audio in Computer System using a Woofer.

There are 3 Basic Types of Speaker are:-

1. Theatre Based Speakers

2. Integrated Speakers
3. Wireless Speakers

Connectors – Wireless & Audio Jack

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Theatre-Based Integrated Wireless

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 TYPES OF SUPPORTED PORTS?

Bluetooth Audio Jack

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 What is Headphone?
A Headphone is a Output Device used to Output voice in Computer System using lite Speakers

There are Many Types of Headphone:-

We are Considering a simple Headphone

Connectors – Audio Jack & Wireless

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 TYPES OF SUPPORTED PORTS?

Headphone Jack Bluetooth

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 What is Microphone?
A Microphone is an Input Device used to Input voice in Computer System using small mic

There are Many Types of Microphone are:-

We are Considering a simple Microphone

Connectors – Audio Jack

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 TYPES OF SUPPORTED PORTS?

Audio Mic Jack

XLR Stereo Jack

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8.
Uniteruptable Power Supply (UPS)

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 What is UPS?
A UPS is an Input Device used as Power backup when mains off.

An uninterruptable power supply (Ups) is a device that allows a computer to keep

running atleast a short time .when primary power source is lost .It also provides
protection from power fluctuation . Thus we can say that Ups is a device that helps
to provide consistent power to computer system

OFFLINE UPs ONLINE UPs LINE INTERACTIVE UPs

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 Online UPS
In this type of Ups, the system always remains on the Battery, Weather main is present or not.

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 Online UPS

Inpu
Battery Charger

t
Main OUTPU
AC When Main AC is ON T

Battery DC to Ac Inverter

(Block Diagram Of Online Ups)

When Main AC is Present, it provides power to DC Supply Of inverter Section as well as charges
the battery simultaneously .

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 Offline UPS
When Main AC is present ,AVR provides as output as is the Input mains.

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 Offline UPS

(Block Diagram Of Offline Ups) OUTPUT

Automatic
Inpu
t Voltage
Main AC Regulator(AVR) Circuit Closed
Running On Normal AC

Battery Charger Battery DC to Ac Inverter

Open Circuit

 Offline Ups use automatic voltage regulator (AVR) to regulate the output voltage
close to 220V AC.
 Offline Ups are normal weight Ups and are widely used for
domestic computers.

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 Line Interactive UPS
Line interactive Ups work like online and offline Ups.

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 Automatic Voltage OUTPU

Inpu
Cutoff Timer Regulator(AVR) T
t
Main Circuit closed
AC
Running On Normal AC

Battery Charger Battery DC to Ac Inverter

Circuit Open

+110 volt
0 volt
-110 volt

When main Ac flows normal ,it works like offline UPs

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 Advantages of UPS

1. Less Interruption
2. No Data loss
3. Enhance Components Health
4. Good for Emergency Time
5. Prevent Crash

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 Geeky Hub

9.
CPU Cabinet with Assembling & Deassembling

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 Building a PC

1. Monitor
2. Keyboard
3. Mouse
4. Speaker
5. Cabinet
6. UPS

1. Processor
2. RAM
3. Storage
4. Motherboard
5. Cabinet Tower
6. GPU

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 Geeky Hub

10.
Motherboard

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 PCB

MOTHERBOARD OR PRINTED CIRCUIT

BOARD
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 It is known as the Interconnection of Components in a computer

WHAT IS
MOTHERBOARD It is a Circuit board which have ports and sockets with transistors
coating to connect components together

It is responsible for contact of flow of data and instruction with

the help of BUSES

Two types of Motherboard 1. Plane 2. Mark

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 MAJOR BRANDS

DESKTOP LAPTOP SERVER

MBOARD MBOARD MBOARD
1. 2. 3.

It is used in It is used in Laptop. It is used in Server.

Desktop Systems. All components are Bigger in size
It comes with placed in limited having many ports
Upgradation space. Rare and designed for
Capability. We can mboard allows high end works
Upgrade it Easily Upgradation

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TYPES OF PCB
1. Mini ATX
2. Flex ATX
3. Micro ATX
4. EATX
5. Pico ATX
6. ITX
7. NLX
8. BTX
9. Mobile ATX
10. WATX

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BUSES in Motherboard

DATA BUS :- It Sends and Receives data to Memory.

ADDRESS BUS :- It Sends Address of Inputs to the Memory or RAM

CONTROL BUS :- It Makes the Communication between CPU and

Components

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BACK PANEL CONNECTORS AND PORTS

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 1. CPU Socket
2. RAM Slots
3. PCI Slots
4. CMOS
5. ATX Power
6. SATA Slots
7. AGP Slots
8. Chipset
9. North Bridge
10.South Bridge
11. Sandy Bridge

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 MICROPROCESSOR

A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing

logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a small
number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the
arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the functions of
a computer's central processing unit.

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 SMPS – Switched Mode Power Supply

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WHAT IS SWITCHED MODE POWER
SUPPLY (SMPS)?
A SMPS IS A DEVICE USED TO INPUT POWER TO ALL COMPONENTS
OF MOTHERBOARD IT CONTAINS DIFFERENT COLORS WIRES
HAVING DIFFERENT VOLTAGE FOR DIFFERENT COMPONENTS IN CPU
CABINET

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 HOW SMPS WORKS

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 SMPS

1. Rectifier & Filter - It is responsible to converting AC to DC Current and Filter Filterize

the Impurities in Current

2. Inverter - It emphasize the wire bunch of diffent components

3. Transformer - It Transfer the Power to different different Components

4. Rectifer - It pass the balanced current to the components

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 Connectors

1. 4 PIN PCB Power

2. 20/24 PIN ATX
3. 15 PIN SATA Power
4. 6 PIN Floppy Power
5. 6/8 PIN PCI Power
6. 4 PIN MOLEX

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 CMOS BATTERY

• CMOS Battery is used to update Date & Time while the system is off

• Stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semi Conductor

• Having Connection with RTC and Jumper Settings to RESET BIOS

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11.
Audio, Video & Graphic Card

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 What is AUDIO CA R D ?
A sound card is an internal expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals to
and from a computer under control of computer programs. The term sound card is also applied
to external audio interfaces used for professional audio applications.

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 Outputs:

1. Audio Jacks

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 Why Audio Card is Important?
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 What is VIDEO CA R D ?
A video card (also called a video adapter, display card, graphics card, graphics board,
display adapter or graphics adapter and sometimes preceded by the word discrete or
dedicated to emphasize the distinction between this implementation and
integrated graphics) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a
display (such as a computer monitor).

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 Outputs:

1. VGA

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 Why Video Card is Important?
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 GRAPHIC CARD
Graphics card or video card is display adaptor or hardware
component whose function is to generate output images to
display.
It is also called as dedicated expansion card. It is of 2 types :

1. Internal
2. External

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 Outputs:

1. DVI
2. VGA
3. HDMI

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 Why Graphic Card is Important?
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 Geeky Hub

12.
Bluetooth & Wi-Fi

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 Wi-Fi

 What is Wi-Fi
 Short for “Wireless Fidelity”
 A trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance
 The brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards
 Commonly used for “wireless local area network” (WLAN)

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 Wi-fi Standards

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 Wi-Fi CARD

 Internal
 External

Internal External

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 Bluetooth

 Wireless Personal Area Networks

(WPAN)
 Design goal
 Cable replacement
 Low cost
 Low power
 Small size
 For mobile devices
 Standard: IEEE 802.15.1

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 Bluetooth Evolution

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 Bluetooth CARD

 Internal
 External

Internal External

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 Geeky Hub

13.
Hard Drive

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 HDD
A hard disk drive (HDD) is a traditional storage device that uses mechanical
platters and a moving read/write head to access data.
Unit of HDD is RPM.

• SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) – 7 pins for data 15 pins

power 4 pins molex speed upto 600MBPS
SATA 1 - 150 MBPS
SATA 2 - 300 MBPS
SATA 3 - 600 MBPS

• IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) - 40 pins for data 4 pins for Power 4 pins
molex speed uto 133MBPS
ATAPI – I - 100MBPS
ATAPI – II - 133MBPS

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 Make Sure to watch whole video, if possible then download the video and
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 Make Sure to watch whole video, if possible then download the video and
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 Geeky Hub

14.
Solid State Drive

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 SSD
Solid State Drive, is one of the newest generation of storage device that's used for PCs and
Laptops. In contrast to traditional Hard Disk Drives or HDD, a memory consisting of
semiconductors is used to store data.

• High performance-Significantly faster than a standard HDD.

• Faster seek time-Up to 60x faster than HDD.
• Higher reliability-No moving parts.
• Lower power-Lesser power consumption, cooler operation.
• Silent Operation-Ideal for post production environments.
• Light weight-Perfect for portable devices.
• Wider Operating Temp.

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 Geeky Hub

15.
Random Access Memory

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 Memory ?

In computing, memory is a device or system that is used to store

information for immediate use in a computer or related computer
hardware and digital electronic devices.
In the term of computing we measure memory with bits. 

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 What is Bit ?
• First we know about what is bit.

• Computer circuit need power of electricity.

• Electricity power mode On and Off

• The on and Off is Bit in electricity.

• Because the computer are store the data in form off electricity.

• In Electricity also called bit.

• Only two value in bit 0 and 1 mean on and off.

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 Make Sure to watch whole video, if possible then download the video and
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 RAM

Computer memory or random access memory (RAM) is your system's

short-term data storage; it stores the information your computer is actively
using so that it can be accessed quickly. The more programs your system is
running, the more memory you'll need. Frequency measures in Mhz.

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SRAM
It stores the data in a static form which means that the data remains in the memory as long as the computer system is on. SRAM
is faster and more expensive than DRAM. It uses a matrix of six transistors and no capacitors. As the transistors do not need the
power to prevent leakage, hence, there is no requirement to refresh SRAM again and again.

DRAM
DRAM is widely used in computer systems. Previously, there was a single data rate (SDR) DRAM in computers. At present,
computers are using a dual data rate (DDR) DRAM. DDR is also available in different versions such as DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4,
which are more energy-efficient and are providing better performance.

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SIMM
DIMM
RDRAM
SDRAM
DDR
DDR2
DDR3
DDR4

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 Geeky Hub

16.
Read Only Memory

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 ROM

Stores crucial information essential to operate the system like the

program essential to boot the computer. It is not volatile.
Used in embedded systems or where the programming needs no change.
Used in calculators and peripheral devices.
ROM is further classified into 4 types- ROM, PROM, EPROM,
and EEPROM.

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PROM
It can be programmed by user. Once programmed, the data and instructions in it cannot be changed.

EPROM
It can be reprogrammed. To erase data from it, expose it to ultra violet light. To reprogram it, erase all the previous data.

EEPROM
The data can be erased by applying electric field, no need of ultra violet light. We can erase only portions of the chip.

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BISO Chip is Type of EPROM ?

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 Geeky Hub

17.
Microprocessor

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 CPU

Control Processing Unit

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 It is known as the brain of the Computer. It is first priority to run

WHAT IS
Machine

MICROPROCESSOR It is a chip based structure made up of millions of transistors and

logic gates

It receives the incoming instructions as input from Memory or

RAM, Procced it and gives result as Output

It is Responsible for the Speed and Capacity to execute tasks

in computer systems

These Microprocessor are Categorized into 2 different architec-

ture 32 BIT and 64 BIT

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 SEGMENTS OF CPU

CATEGROIZED INTO 2 DIFFERENT SEGMENTS

ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT CONTROL UNIT

Known as ALU Known as CU
It is responsible for controlling the flow
It performs all the Arithmetic, mathematical,
of data between Microprocessor and
algebraical and logical tasks like Addition,
the external components of the
Divide, Multiplication, Subtraction and Modulus.
computer using the CPU Buses.
It also performs Logic tasks like OR, AND and
NOT

THESE ARE THE FACTORS WHICH MAKES A PROCESSOR TO PERFORM TASKS FREQUENTLY!

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BUSES in MICROPROCESSOR

CPU consists 3 Buses mention below. Basically Buses

are used as medium or carrier of information or data
between the microprocessor and the memory and
components of the system. It carries the instruction from
memory to CPU & back CPU to memory after processing….

 DATA BUS :- It Sends and Receives data to Memory.

 ADDRESS BUS :- It Sends Address of Inputs to the Memory or RAM

 CONTROL BUS :- It Makes the Communication between CPU and

Components

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Specifications of CPU MAJOR SPECIFICATION OF MICROPROCESSOR

 Clock Speed :- Clock Speed is a unit to measures the

number of instructions executes by the working
microprocessor within a second is called Clock speed.
It is measured in GHz.

 Cache Memory :- It is Static natured and Quick

responsive memory, by structural it is made up of 6
Transistors and 1 Capacitors in each cell block. cache
Memory are categorized into 3 types L!, L2 and L3

 Operating Voltage :- It means how much Power or

Voltage a microprocessor needs to performs tasks.

 FSB :- It stands for Front Side Bus. It is a data bus

which carries the data from RAM to Processor and
then back processor to RAM as a procced instruction.

All the Information mentioned upon the Processor

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 PACKAGING???
The process of installing the microprocessor in
motherboard is known as packaging. In
Motherboard there are different different types of
packaging for different different types of micro
processor……

Packaging is based upon which micro processor

you want to install in your system. The
processor is install and fix with the Socket in
Motherboard….

CPU Installation
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 SOCKETS FOR CPU
 According to Structure Sockets are a collection or a Array of Pins which holds Microprocessor.

 Sockets are used to adjust the position of Microprocessor in the Motherboard. These are
Categorized according to the Brands and Version of Microprocessors…

 For Latest Intel 10th Generation Core i9 Processor Supports LGA 2066 Socket.

INTEL No. of pins Processor AMD No. of pins Processor

LGA 1151 to 1155 I3, i5 & i7 C Series Socket C32 Opteron

PGA 478 Pentium I Ryzen 3, 5, 7, Phenom, Athlon

AM Series AM 1 to 4
& Sempron
PPGA 775 Pentium II
A Series Socket A462 Duron & Athlon
FC-PGA 479 Pentium III
FM Series FM 1 to 2 Trinity & Llano

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HEAT SINK
SOLUTION FOR
OVERHEATING

When we use system it release a lots of

heat. To prevent and Release heat we
install Heatsink in our Motherboard.

Types of Heatsinks :-

Active Heatsink :- Heatsink which have

Fan Installed is known as Active Heatsink

Passive Heatsink :- Heatsink which have

Fan Installed is known as Passive
Heatsink
Heatsink is attached with Microprocessor
with the contact of Thermal Paste or
Grease Which extremely absorb heat
from microprocessor.

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 1. Generation
2. Core
3. Threads
4. Frequency
5. L1, L2 & L3 Cache
6. Hyper threading
7. Overclocking
8. Turbo Boost
9. Integrated GPU
10.Transistor Size
11. Bottleneck

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 Geeky Hub

18.
Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

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 SMPS – Switched Mode Power Supply

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WHAT IS SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY (SMPS)?
A SMPS IS A DEVICE USED TO INPUT POWER TO ALL COMPONENTS OF
MOTHERBOARD IT CONTAINS DIFFERENT COLORS WIRES HAVING
DIFFERENT VOLTAGE FOR DIFFERENT COMPONENTS IN CPU CABINET

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 HOW SMPS WORKS

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 Key Factors

1. Rectifier & Filter - It is responsible to converting AC to DC Current and Filter

Filterize the Impurities in Current

2. Inverter - It emphasize the wire bunch of diffent components

3. Transformer - It Transfer the Power to different different Components

4. Rectifer - It pass the balanced current to the components

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 Connectors

1. 4 PIN PCB Power

2. 20/24 PIN ATX
3. 15 PIN SATA Power
4. 6 PIN Floppy Power
5. 6/8 PIN PCI Power
6. 4 PIN MOLEX

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 Geeky Hub

19.
Printer

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 What is Printer?
A Printer is an Output Device which converts the Soft copy into Hard copy. It converts Digital copy into Physical Copy.

There are 2 Basic Types of Printer are:-

1. Impact Printers
• Line Printer
• Character Printer

2. Non-Impact Printer
• Page Printer
• Character Printer

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Types of Printers :-
1. Impact Printer :- Impact Printers are those
Printers which have physical contact between the print head, ribbon on

Cartilage and Paper.

2. Non-Impact Printer :- Non-Impact Printers are those

Printers which do not have physical contact between the print head,
ribbon
Cartilage and Paper.

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Character Printer :- Those Printer Which Print Paper Character Wise ex. typewriter.

Line Printer :- Those Printer Which Print Paper Line Wise ex. Chain, Drum & Band
Page Printer :- Those Printer Which Print Whole Paper at a Time ex. Laser

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 Impact Printers

Dot-Matrix Printer
It has an array of pins which helps to print the paper with tiny Dots ex. Railway Ticket
Printer. Speed up to 100 to 600 CPS having 9 to 24 Pins

Line Printer
They are used by Offices where they need to print data at large scale ex. Poster Drum
Printer. Speed up to 1200 to 6000 LPM

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 Non-Impact Printers

Ink-Jet Printer
Ink-jet Printer is similar as Dot-Matrix but it doesn’t have any physical contact with
External media. It gives Printout with the help of Spray Speed up to 250 CPS.

Laser Printer
Laser Printer Which uses Laser Beam and Heated Toner to produce Printout on a Paper.
Speed up to 6000 to 12000 pages per hour

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 Thermal Printers
A Thermal Printer is one that uses heat to transfer an Impression into paper types of
thermal printer

1. Thermal Wax Transfer Printer – Where a thermal print head melts ink and
transfer with the help of ribbon onto paper. After cooling the wax is
permanent ex. DTDC Bus Ticket

2. Direct Thermal – Where a printer prints the image by

burning dots onto a coated paper ex. Barcode Generator

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 Other Printers

1. Virtual Printer – A Virtual Printer is a simulated device whose user interface and API are
similar to a printer driver, but the device is not connected with a physical printer ex.
Microsoft XPS Document Writer, Cute PDF Writer

2. Multi Functional Device(MFD) – It is also known as

all in one Printer. This is a combination of various
functionalities like Printer, Scanner and Photocopy etc.

TIP -
Type SERVICES.MSC in cmd to show the running Printing processes also
allow to restart and stop processess

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Types of Connectors in Printers

1. Serial/Com Port – 9 & 25 pins connector

2. Parallel Port - 40 pins connector

3. USB Port – 4 pins connector

4. LAN Port – 8 pins connector

5. Wireless – without connector

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 Geeky Hub

20.
Scanner

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 What is Scanner?
A Scanner is an Input Device which converts the hard copy into soft copy. It converts Hard copy into Digital copy.

Types of Scanners :-

1. Specialized Scanner
2. Handheld Scanner
3. Standard Scanner (Flatbed & Sheet fed)
4. Scanning Applications

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Specialized Scanner
Those Scanners which are used to scan some special documents like.
Business card & Metro Card

Handheld Scanner
Those Scanners which are Smaller and easy to hand held and uses to scan a
lot of things very quickly like. Barcode Scanner

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 Standard Scanner
Flatbed Scanner
In a Flatbed Scanner the Documents or pages are placed on the screen for
scanning. These maybe standalone or integrated in a printer

Sheetfed Scanner
A Sheetfed scanner is a smaller and Portable scanner in comparing of Flatbed
You can scan a whole book using sheetfed scanner

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Application Scanner
Those Scanners which need Mobile Phone to be Operate like CamScan & Genius Cam

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Types of Connectors in Scanners

1. Serial/Com Port – 9 & 25 pins connector

2. Parallel Port - 40 pins connector

3. USB Port – 4 pins connector

4. LAN Port – 8 pins connector

5. Wireless – without connector

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 Geeky Hub

21.
CD, VCD, DVD & Blu-ray Media

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 CD
A Compact Disc, also called a CD are small plastic discs which store and retrieve computer
data or music using light. ... CDs that have computer information on them are called CD.

CD-ROM
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) only readable.

CD-R
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) only recordable.

CD-RW
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) can be rewritable.

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 DVD
"Digital Versatile Disc." A DVD is a type of optical media used for storing digital data. It is
the same size as a CD, but has a larger storage capacity. Some DVDs are formatted
specifically for video playback, while others may contain different types of data, such as
software programs and computer files Size is 4.7 GB.

DVD-ROM
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) only readable.

DVD-R
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) only recordable.

DVD-RW
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) can be rewritable.

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 Blu-ray Disc

The Blu-ray Disc, often known simply as Blu-ray, is a digital optical disc storage format. It is
designed to supersede the DVD format, capable of storing several hours of video in high-definition
video. Size is 25, 50 & 100 GB.

BD-ROM
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) only readable.

BD-R
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) only recordable.

BD-RW
(Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) can be rewritable.

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 Floppy

A floppy disk or floppy diskette is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and
flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic
enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles from the spinning disk.
Floppy disks are read from and written to by a floppy disk drive. Size is about
1.44 MB or 2.8 MBs.

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 Audio Tapes

The Compact Cassette or Musicassette, also commonly called the tape

cassette, cassette tape, audio cassette, or simply tape or cassette, is an
analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback.

each second of recording carries 25 such frames which is 6,7 megabytes.

each minute of recording carries then 60 times more which is about 403MB
(almost a half of GB) each hour of recording is then about 23 GB.
typical cassette was 180 minutes long which makes it capable
of storing about 69 GB of information.

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 Video Tapes

Videotape is magnetic tape used for storing video and usually sound in
addition. Information stored can be in the form of either an analog signal
or digital signal. Videotape is used in both video tape recorders or, more
commonly, videocassette recorders and camcorders.

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 Geeky Hub

22.
Memory Card, External HDD & Pedrive

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 Pendrive

The definition of a pen drive is small storage device shaped like a pen with
built-in data storage that connects to a computer by a USB port. An example of
a pen drive is a pen with a hidden USB port for saving data.

Characteristics
1. These are able to store large amounts of data in a small chip.
2. Next, my product can store data such as pictures, songs, files, and etc.
3. Pendrive are Portable and plug and play device.
4. It can only be connected to a device that has a usb port

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 Memory Card
A memory card or memory cartridge is an electronic data storage device used for
storing digital information, typically using flash memory.You can store music, pictures,
videos & documents etc in memory cards. It uses in different different devices like
mobiles, camera, ipod & home theatres etc.

Compact Flash Multimedia Card

Secure Digital Card Micro SD

Mini SD Card

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 External Hard drive

An external hard drive is a device which is plugged into your machine to give
almost-immediate storage space, without the need to open your computers
internal storage and make upgrades. External drives are portable storage
devices typically used to store data such as photos, videos, and
documents.

USB 3.0 Cable A to Micro B

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 Geeky Hub

23.
Ports, Cables & Connectors

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 What is a Cable?

An electrical cable is an assembly of one or more wires running side

by side or bundled, which is used to carry electric current. A cable
assembly is the composition of one or more electrical cables and their
corresponding connectors.

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 What is a Connector?

A Connector is generally a specific Interface which is used to connect

a device physically with a computer systemm with staibility

It is used to install the Cable or interface of external media or devices

to a computer system.

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 What is a Port?

A port is generally a specific place for being physically

connected to some other device, usually with a socket
or plug which we call Connectors

It is used to install the connector or interface of external

media or devices to a computer system.

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1. VGA Cable
VGA stands for Video Graphics Array. A VGA cable is a device used to
transfer video signals.

VGA Port
• Connects monitor to a computer's video card.

• It has 15 holes.

• Can transmit with resolution of 640x480

• Similar to the serial port connector. However, serial port

connector has pins, VGA port has holes.

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2. DVI Cable
DVI stands for Digital Visual Interface. The digital interface is used to
connect a video source, such as a video display controller, to a display
device, such as a computer monitor.

DVI Port
• Connects Flat panel LCD & CRT monitor to
the computer's high-end video video cards.

• Very popular among video card manufacturers

• Transmission resolution 2560x1600

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3. HDMI Cable
HDMI stands for High-Definition Multimedia Interface, a standard for
simultaneously transmitting digital video and audio from a source, such as a
computer or TV cable box, to a computer monitor, TV or projector.

HDMI Port
• It can transmit both HD audio and Video at a time 2560x1600

• Used for high data transfer bandwidth

• Uses in Gaming Consoles like Play station and HDTV

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4. PS2 Cable
The PS/2 (Personal System/2) also referred to as the mouse cable
or keyboard cable, was developed by IBM. It is used to connect a
computer mouse or keyboard to an IBM compatible computer. The PS/2
port is a mini DIN plug containing six pins

PS2 Port
• Used for old computer keyboard and mouse

• Also called mouse port

• Green for Mouse Purple for Keyboard

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5. Twisted Pair Cable
Twisted-pair cable is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and
most modern Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data.
The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk, the noise generated by
adjacent pairs having RJ-11 & RJ-45 Jacks.

Two Types :-
1. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair Cable)
2. UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable)

Ethernet Port
• Connects to a network and high speed Internet upto 100baseT.

• Known as RJ-45 Port which use RJ-45 Jack as Interface

• This port resides on an Ethernet Card.

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6. Mini Plug Cables
A Mini Plug is a 3.5mm male connector found on computer
headphone, headset, microphone, and speakers, which
connects to the computer's sound card.

Mini Port
• Connects Microphone, Headphone & Speakers.

• Used 3.5mm jack to connect devices in it.

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7. USB Cable
A USB port is a standard cable connection interface for
personal computers and consumer electronics
devices. USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry
standard for short-distance digital data communications.

USB Port
• It can connect all kinds of external USB devices such as
external hard disk, printer, scanner, mouse, keyboard, etc.

• Most of the computers provide two USB ports as minimum.

• Data travels with different speeds depend on ver.

• USB compliant devices can get power from a USB port.

More
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8. Power Cord
A power cord, line cord, or mains cable is an electrical cable
that temporarily connects an appliance to the mains electricity
supply via a wall socket or extension cord.

Kettle Input
• Three-pronged plug.

• Connects to the computer's power cable that plugs into a

power bar or wall socket.

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9. HDD Wires

SATA Cable IDE Cable Molex Cable

These Cables are used to Connect Hard Disk Drive to Computer

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10. SMPS Wires
1. CPU Power
2. ATX Power
3. SATA Power
4. Floppy Power
5. PCI Power
6. ODD Power

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11. Parallel Cable
Parallel cables have mostly given way to serial cables, where data is
transferred one bit after another.

Parallel Port
• Used for scanners and printers

• Also called printer port

• 25 pin model

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12. Serial Cable
A serial cable is a cable used to transfer information between two
devices using a serial communication protocol. 

Serial Port
• Used for external modems and older computer mouse

• Two versions: 9 pin, 25 pin model

• Also uses in Printers and Scanners

• Data travels at 115 kilobits per second

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13. Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable is commonly used by cable operators, telephone
companies, and internet providers around the world to convey data, video,
and voice communications to customers. It has also been used extensively
within homes.

BNC Connector
Bayonet Neill–Concelman BNC connector is a series of
connectors used for connecting thinnet coaxial cabling to various
networking components.

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14. Optic Fibre Cable
Fibre optics is a modern technology used mostly in the telecommunication
industry to transmit information digitally as pulses of light through strands of
fibre made of glass.Also known as Optical fibres, these strands are about
the diameter of a human hair follicle. When bundled into an optical fibre
cable, they can transmit data in volumes faster than other mediums over
really long distances. 

Subscriber Connector SC
This Connector is for structural cabling it is used for high speed
And for single mode fibre cabling

Straight Tip ST
This Connector is for structural cabling it is used for high speed
And for Multi mode fibre cabling

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 Geeky Hub

24.
Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

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BIOS –Basic Input / Output System
As your PC's most important startup program,
BIOS, or Basic Input/Output System, is the built-
in core processor software responsible for booting
up your system. Typically embedded into your
computer as a motherboard chip, the BIOS
functions as a catalyst for PC functionality action.

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 Legacy BIOS
• Legacy boot is the boot process used by basic
input/output system (BIOS) firmware. ... UEFI boot is
the successor to BIOS. UEFI uses the globally unique
identifier (GUID) partition table (GPT) whereas BIOS
uses the master boot record (MBR) partitioning scheme.

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 UEFI BIOS
• UEFI replaces the traditional BIOS on PCs. There’s
no way to switch from BIOS to UEFI on an existing
PC. You need to buy new hardware that supports and
includes UEFI, as most new computers do. Most
UEFI implementations provide BIOS emulation so
you can choose to install and boot old operating
systems that expect a BIOS instead of UEFI, so
they’re backwards compatible.

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 Geeky Hub

25.
Discussing about Troubleshooting

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 TECHNICAL ISSUES

#1 – Wrong Input

#2 – Restarting many times

#3 – beep sounds

#4 – PC Overheating

#5 – Incompatiability
 #1 – Wrong Input
Wrong Input is a issue which occurs in when you install somme new fonts or attach new keyboard. This issue
occurs because of some Driver issues and font issues. The Solution is to update or reinstall drivers and fonts.
 #2 – Restarting many times
There are many reasons behind this problem. It can be a result of various issues, including corrupted drivers,
faulty hardware, and malware infection, among others. It can be difficult to pinpoint exactly what keeps your
computer in a reboot loop.
 #3 – Beep sounds
Beep Sounds are indication of some issues mentioned on table below in this slide. Take a look in the table.
 #4 – PC Overheating

Restarting many times is a common issue which generally occurs when your CPU becomes Hot. When a lots
of heat is generating in the CPU. To prevent heat you have to shutdown your system for some time or install
some cooling devices and cooler fans.
 #5 – Incompatiability

Incompatiability issue occurs when you plugged a uncompatiable matched peripheral with your pc. It also applies in
your software side sometime you got some lagg or crash in software which was usually unwanted or acciedental. It
also depends on the requirement of software and your specification. So you have to give your attention toward your
need and then you have to purchase the laptop as per your need. For peripheral sometime it reolves just by drivers
update.
 Geeky Hub

26.
USB Booting & OS Installation

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 +

USB USB Booting? OS Installation

ISO Image File Booting Tool Boot Menu

 Geeky Hub

27.
Basics Info Hardware Engineer Must Know

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1. Cleaning Junks

• System Temporary Files

• Internet Temporary Files
• Prefetch Files
• Recent Files
• Disk Cleanup
• Clean Manager
• Recycle Bin
• Uninstall Unnecessary items
2. Setting Resolution

Resolution??
3. Drivers Updation
A driver, or device driver, is a set of files that tells a piece of hardware how
to function by communicating with a computer's operating system. All
pieces of hardware require a driver, from your internal computer components,
such as your graphics card, to your external peripherals, like a printer.

+
4. Prompt Commands
Computer Information User Management Utilities

Systeminfo Net user Label D:

Msinfo32 Net user username password /add Diskpart Format
Driverquery Net user username /del Ipconfig
Getmac Net user username * Netsh wlan show all
Vol C: Net user Administrator /active:yes Hostname
Diskpart Net user Administrator /active:no Date
Winver Time
chkdsk
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